Question (1)
a)
Is Z Ir
Vs Y Ic Vr
𝑉𝑠 = 𝑉𝑟 + 𝐼𝑟 𝑍 A=1
B= Z
𝐼𝑐 = 𝑉𝑠 𝑌 C= Y
𝐼𝑠 = 𝐼𝑟 + 𝐼𝑐 D= 1+ZY
note: A≠ 𝐷 because the circuit is not
𝐼𝑠 = 𝐼𝑟 + 𝑌(𝑉𝑟 + 𝐼𝑟 𝑍) symmetrical
𝐼𝑠 = 𝑌 𝑉𝑟 + 𝐼𝑟 (1 + 𝑍𝑌)
b)
Ic Vs ZIr
Is Vr RIr
XIr
Ir Ic
c)
Data:
S= 30 MVA R=5Ω
pf=cos(∅)= 0.8 lag L = 0.1 H
120 C = 1.5 𝜇𝑓
Vr = kV
√3
SOLUTION
Z= R+ j (2𝜋𝑓𝐿) = 5+ j(2𝜋(50)(0.1)) = 5+ j31.4 Ω
Y = j (2 𝜋𝑓𝐶) = j (2𝜋(50)(1.5 ∗ 10−6 ) = j 4.7 ∗ 10−4 mho
𝑆 −1 (0.8)
30 ∗ 106
𝐼𝑟 = ∠ − cos = ∠ − cos−1 (0.8) = 144.3 ∠ − 36.86 A
120 120
√3 ∗ √3 ∗
√3 √3
st
1 way to calculate Vs and Is 2nd way to calculate Vs and Is
𝑍𝑌 𝑍𝑌 𝑍
𝑉𝑠 = 𝑉𝑟 (1 + ) + 𝐼𝑟 𝑍 (1 + ) 𝑉𝑐 = 𝑉𝑟 + 𝐼𝑟
2 4 2
𝑍𝑌 يعوض الطالب في القانون
𝐼𝑠 = 𝑉𝑟 𝑌 + 𝐼𝑟 (1 + ) 𝑉𝑐 = 70.9∠1.29 kV
2
يعوض الطالب في القانون 𝐼𝑐 = 𝑉𝑐 𝑌
𝑉𝑠 = 72.14∠2.6 kV 𝐼𝑐 = 33.34∠91.29 A
𝐼𝑠 = 126.45∠ −24.89 A 𝐼𝑠 =𝐼𝑟 +𝐼𝑐
𝐼𝑠 = 126.45 ∠ − 24.89 A
𝑍
𝑉𝑠 = 𝑉𝑐 + 𝐼𝑠
2
𝑉𝑠 = 72.08∠2.6 kV
𝑃𝑠 = 3 𝑉𝑠 𝐼𝑠 cos ∅𝑠
𝑃𝑠 = 3 (72.14)(126.45) cos(−24.89 − 2.6)
𝑃𝑠 = 24.27 𝑘𝑊
120
𝑉𝑠 −𝑉𝑟 72.08−
√3
Voltage 𝑅𝑒𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = = ∗ 100 = 3.9 %
𝑉𝑠 72.08
𝑃𝑟 = 𝑆 (𝑝𝑓) = 30 ∗ 0.8 = 24 𝑘𝑊
𝑃𝑟
𝜂 = ∗ 100 = 98.8 %
𝑃𝑠
Question (2)
VA= 300 v X 60 A
A E
X-140
20 A X-60
B
20 A
D
X-120 C X-80
40 A
Loop AEDCBA
∑ 𝐼𝑅 = 0
2(0.1) X + 2(0.2)(X-60) + 2(0.12)(X-80) + 2(0.25)(X-120) + 2(0.15)(X-140) = 0
0.82 X -72.6 = 0
X= 88.5 A
VA= 300 v 88.5 A 60 A
A E
51.5 A
20 A 28.5 A
B
20 A
D
31.5 A C 8.5 A
40 A
𝑉𝐸 =300 – 88.5 (2)(0.1) = 282.3 V 𝑉𝐶 = 𝑉𝐷 − 8.5 (2)(0.12) = 268.86 V
𝑉𝐷 = 𝑉𝐸 − 28.5 (2)(0.2) = 270.9 V 𝑉𝐵 = 𝑉𝐶 + 31.5(2)(0.25) = 284.61 V
𝑜𝑟
𝑉𝐵 = 300 − 51.5(2)(0.15) = 284.55 V
𝑃𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝑉𝐴 ∗ 𝐼𝐴 = 300 ∗ (60 + 20 + 40 + 20)
𝑃𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 300 ∗ 140 = 42 𝑘𝑊
Power losses
𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 𝐼 2 R
𝑃𝐴𝐸 = 88.52 ∗ 2 ∗ 0.1 = 1566.4 𝑊
𝑃𝐸𝐷 = 28.52 ∗ 2 ∗ 0.2 = 324.9 𝑊
𝑃𝐷𝐶 = 8.52 ∗ 2 ∗ 0.12 = 17.34 𝑊
𝑃𝐶𝐵 = 31.52 ∗ 2 ∗ 0.25 = 496.1 𝑊
𝑃𝐵𝐴 = 51.52 ∗ 2 ∗ 0.15 = 795.6 𝑊
1st way to calculate 𝜂 2nd way to calculate 𝜂
∑ 𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠
𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠_𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = ∑ 𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 = 3200.3 𝑊 𝜂= ∗ 100
𝑃𝑠
𝑃𝑠 − 𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝜂= ∗ 100 ∑ 𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠 = 𝑉𝐸 ∗ 60 + 𝑉𝐷 ∗ 20 + 𝑉𝐶
𝑃𝑠
42000 − 3200 ∗ 40 + 𝑉𝐵 ∗ 20
𝜂= ∗ 100
42000 ∑ 𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠 = 38.8 𝑘𝑊
𝜂 = 92.3 %
38.8
𝜂= ∗ 100 = 92.3 %
42
