ENE 2017
Engineering Programming
Prof. Keonwook Kim
Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering
Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
Ch.4 Matrices
MATLAB began as a matrix calculator.
Experiments with MATALB – Cleve Moler
Matrices
• The Cartesian coordinate system
• A pair of numbers corresponds to a point in the plane.
• Display the coordinates in a vector of length two.
• Column vector
Experiments with MATALB – Cleve Moler
Matrices
• 2-by-2 matrix
• Matrix-vector multiplication
Experiments with MATALB – Cleve Moler
Matrices
• An alternate
• The transpose of a column vector is a row vector
Experiments with MATALB – Cleve Moler
Matrices
• Matrix-matrix multiplication, AB
• AB is not the same matrix as BA
• MATLAB started its life as “Matrix Laboratory”
• We use square brackets instead of round parentheses, an
asterisk to denote multiplication, and x' for the transpose of x.
Experiments with MATALB – Cleve Moler
Matrices
• Identity matrix
eye(n)
Experiments with MATALB – Cleve Moler
2-by-2 matrix transformations
• The columns of X are the Cartesian coordinates of the 11
points
• Dot to dot game.
Dot2dot(X)
figure, scatter(X(1,:),X(2,:),'filled'), axis(10*[‐1 1 ‐1 1]), axis square
Experiments with MATALB – Cleve Moler
2-by-2 matrix transformations
10 10
8 8
6 6
4 4
2 2
0 0
-2 -2
-4 -4
-6 -6
-8 -8
-10 -10
-10 -5 0 5 10 -10 -5 0 5 10
Experiments with MATALB – Cleve Moler
2-by-2 matrix transformations
• Matrix transformation
wiggle(X)
dot2dot(A*X)
Experiments with MATALB – Cleve Moler
2-by-2 matrix transformations
• Determinant
• 2-by-2 determinants can be useful in understanding simple matrix
properties.
• If the determinant of a matrix is positive, then multiplication by that
matrix preserves left- or right-handedness.
• The last two matrices have negative determinants, so the door is
transformed to the other side of the house.
Experiments with MATALB – Cleve Moler
2-by-2 matrix transformations
• Random transformation
• If the determinant were exactly zero,
the house would be flattened to
a one-dimensional straight line.
Experiments with MATALB – Cleve Moler
2-by-2 matrix transformations
• Plane rotation
Experiments with MATALB – Cleve Moler
2-by-2 matrix transformations
Experiments with MATALB – Cleve Moler
Vectors and matrices
• Vectors are created with square brackets.
• Rows of a matrix are separated by semicolons.
• Several functions
Experiments with MATALB – Cleve Moler
Vectors and matrices
• Colon creates uniformly spaced vectors
• Semicolon at the end of a line suppresses output
Experiments with MATALB – Cleve Moler
Matrix arithmetic
• Matrix addition and subtraction are denoted by + and –
• Require A and B to be the same size, or to be scalars, which are 1-
by-1 matrices.
A+B A‐B
• Matrix multiplication, denoted by *, follows the rules of linear
algebra.
• Matrix division operations (see linear equation chapter)
Experiments with MATALB – Cleve Moler
Array arithmetic
• Matrices, which behave according to the rules of linear
algebra, and arrays, which are just rectangular collections of
numbers.
• Element-by-element operations array operations are denoted
by + , - , .* , ./ , . and .^ .
• For array multiplication A.*B is equal to B.*A
