CENTRAL KENYA NATIONAL SCHOOLS JOINT EXAM 2015
231/1 - BIOLOGY PAPER 1 MARKING SCHEME
1.(a) (i) Entomology
(ii) Sap vacuole - store sugars (in plants)
(b) Manufacture ribosomes.
2. Arachnida;
Crustacea;
3. (a) Retina
(b) Cones and rods
4.(a) Carbon (IV) oxide, hydrogen ions / atoms
(b) Oxygen gas
(c) dissociate in water to provide carbon (IV) oxide; which is necessary for photosynthesis;
5. Have sytoplasmic filaments to enhance mass flow; sleeve plate has pores for passage
of organic material;
Have companion cell which provide energy; presence of a plasmodesmata to communicate
between sieve tube elements and companion cells.
6.(a) Structural:-
Sensory Motor
Cell body outside CNS Cell body inside CNS
Unipolar Bipolar
Functional:-
Transport impulses from the receptor to the CNS Transport impulse from the CNS to effectors
(b) Synapse, neuro junction
(c) Acetylcholine;
Noradrenaline;
7. Thrombin;
Thromboplastin / thrombokinase;
Calcium ions;
8. (a) salmonella typhi
(b) plasmodium spp, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium ovale,
plasmodium malariae
9. Sensitive to change in temperature; pH;
Has electrical changes, positive and negative changes;
Selectively permeable;
10.(a) Maximum number of organisms which can be supported by a habitat without depleting the
available resources.
(b) Both consumers and producers are at equilibrium;
Number of organisms in the trophic levels can support one another in terms of nutrition.
11. (a) Volume increases, pressure decreases; rises upwards and (slightly) outwards;
(b) Flattens
(c) Contracts
(d) Relaxes
12. (i) Dorsal, / anal fins
(ii) Pectoral / pelvic fin
(iii) Dorsal / ventral / caudal fin
13.(a) Tuft of hair in the nose and ear pinna; premature baldness;
Colourblindnes ; Haemophilia
(b) (i) Inversion.
(ii) Insertion
14. (a) Pericarp/fruit wall
(b)(i) Animals
(ii) It has hooks that get attached on the animals bodies and get moved away from the mother to plant.
15. (a) Seminal vesicle.
(b) Urine; semen; rej. Sperms
16. (a) Nastic / haptonasty / thigmonosty
(b) Positive (chemo) taxis
(c) Positive phototaxis
17. Arteries have narrow lumen to maintain pressure;
Have muscular walls;
Blood pumped at high pressure;
18. Carbon(IV)oxide increases in the guard cell; pH increases leading to conversion of glucose to
starch; starch is osmotically inactive compared to glucose; this leads to guard cells loosing water
to the surrounding epidermal cells; guard cells becomes flaccid and hene stoma closes.
19. The leaf had stomata on the lower side only ; which were blocked by petroleum jelly; cutting
supply of CO2, hence no photosynthesis.
20. (a) stores food for the embryo
(b) Protects the inner parts from injury / micro-organisms / desiccation.
21.(a) There is no variation in characteristics;
No hybrid vigour;
Undesirable characteristics are retained within the species;
(b) To allow the male nuclei to enter the embryo sac.
22.(a) Open / Lacuna
(b) (i) Hepatic portal vein
(ii) Pulmonary vein
23. (a) Geographical.
(b) Adaptive radiation / Divergent evolution.
(c) Structures which have been greatly reduced in the course of time due to disuse.
(d) Coccyx, Appendix
24.(a) Solution S is hypotonic to cell sap of potato cylinder cells; the cells drew in water by osmosis
increased in size and became turgid hence increase in length and stiffness in cylinder.
Solution T was hypertonic to cells of potato cylinder; the cells lost water by osmosis to solution
T and became flaccid leading to decrease in length and becoming flexible.
(b) Active transport refers to movement of molecules or ions (across a semi-permeable membrane)
against the concentration gradient with use of energy, diffusion is the movement of molecules
or ions from region of high concentration to region of low concentration.
25. Produces hormones / endocrine organs / produce digestive pancreatic juice.
26. Trypsin
Pepsin
27. Promotes cell division and cell elongation in dwarf plants thus greatly increasing their length;
ends dormancy in lateral buds thus promoting formation of side branches; affects expansion
and shape of the leaf and retards leaf abscission.
28.(a) Axis
(b) Has odontoid process.
Biology Paper 1MS 2 Cekenas Joint Mock
