‫⭕‬

‫‪3rd stage Quirk:‬‬

‫‪.1‬ﺣﺮف ‪ k‬ﻻٮ &ﻠ)ڡﻆ اذا ‪-‬ﺣﺎء ‪-‬ٮﻌﺪه ‪n‬‬
‫‪knife . knit . knight . Knight‬‬

‫‪. 2‬اذا ‪-‬ﺣﺎء ﺣﺮف ال ‪ w‬ﻣ‪6‬ٮ‪-‬ٮوع ‪-‬ٮﺤﺮف ال ‪) r‬ڡﻌ)ٮﺪﻫﺎ ﺣﺮف ال ‪ w‬ال ٮ &ﻠ)ڡﻆ و)ٮ‪-‬ٮﺪأ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺮف اﻟ@ٮﺎ)ٮ‪C‬ى‬
‫‪wrap .wrist .wrong . Write‬‬

‫‪. 3‬ﻻٮ &ﻠ)ڡﻆ ﺣﺮف ال ‪ e‬اذا ‪-‬ﺣﺎء )ڡ‪C‬ى )ٮﻬﺎٮ &ﺔ اﻟكﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫‪= line = life = have Come‬‬

‫‪. 4‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻟﺤﺎل ‪-‬ٮﺎﻟ)ٮﺴ‪-‬ٮﺔ ﻟﺤﺮف ال ‪ r‬اذا ‪-‬ﺣﺎء )ڡ‪C‬ى )ٮﻬﺎٮ &ﺔ اﻟكﻠﻤﺔ )ڡﻼٮ &‪6‬ٮﻢ ﻟ)ڡ)ﻄﻪ ﻣ@ٮﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫ﰷا = ‪ car‬ٮ‪&6‬ٮ‪S‬ﺤﺎ ‪teacher = doctor = Clever‬‬

‫‪. 5‬اذا ا‪-‬ﺣ‪6‬ٮﻤﻊ اﻟﺤﺮ)ڡ&ٮﻦ )‪)( H+P‬ڡ‪C‬ى كﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﻌ&ٮ)ٮﺔ ٮ &‪6‬ٮﻢ ﻟ)ڡ)ﻄﻬﻢ )ف ‪( f‬ﻣ@ٮﻞ‬
‫)ڡ&ٮزيﲀل = ‪) physical‬ڡﻮٮ‪6‬ﻮ = ‪) photo‬ڡﺎرﻣﺎﳼ = ‪) pharmacy‬ڡون = ‪Phone‬‬
‫ويﺴ‪6‬ٮثﲎ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟ)ٮ‪6‬ڡﻄﺔ كﻠﻤﺔ ‪ shepherd‬ﺣ&ٮﺚ ٮ‪6‬ﻠ)ڡﻆ اﻟﺤﺮ)ڡ&ٮﻦ )‪)( ph‬ڡ&ٮهﺎ ‪-‬ٮﺼﻮت )‪ ( p‬وﻟ&ٮﺲ )‪(f‬‬

‫‪. 6‬ٮ &‪6‬ٮﻢ اٮ &ﻀﺎ ﻟ)ڡﻆ ﺻﻮت ال ف ‪f‬ﻋ)ٮﺪﻣﺎ ٮ &‪-‬ﺤ‪6‬ٮﻤﻊ اﻟﺤﺮ)ڡ&ٮﻦ )‪)( gh‬ڡ‪C‬ى )ٮﻬﺎٮ &ﺔ ‪-‬ٮﻌﺾ اﻟكﻠﻤﺎت ‪:‬‬
‫رف = ‪ rough‬اٮ &)ٮﻒ = ‪ enough‬اﻟﻒ = ‪ laugh‬ﻛﻮف = ‪Cough‬‬

‫‪. 7‬ﻻ ٮ &‪6‬ٮﻢ ﻟ)ڡﻆ اﻟﺤﺮ)ڡ&ٮﻦ )‪)( gh‬ڡ‪C‬ى وﺳﻂ و)ٮﻬﺎٮ &ﺔ ‪-‬ٮﻌﺾ اﻟكﻠﻤﺎت ‪:‬‬
‫)ٮﺎٮ &ﺖ = ‪ night‬ﻫﺎي = ‪ high‬ٮ@رو = ‪ through‬ذوو = ‪Though‬‬
‫ﻣﺎٮ &ﺖ = ‪ might‬راٮ &ﺖ = ‪) right‬ڡﺎٮ &ﺖ = ‪ fight‬ﻻٮ &ﺖ = ‪Light‬‬

‫‪. 8‬اﻣﺎ ‪-‬ٮﺎﻟ)ٮﺴ‪-‬ٮﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺮ)ڡ&ٮﻦ )‪)( ch‬ڡﺄ)ٮﻬﺎ ٮ‪6‬ﻠ)ڡﻆ ‪-‬ٮﻄري‪6‬ڡ‪6‬ٮ&ٮﻦ ‪ :‬اﻻوﻟﻰ ٮ‪6‬ﻠ)ڡﻆ ‪-‬ٮﺼﻮت چ ﻣ@ٮﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ٮ‪6‬ﺎچ = ‪S touch‬ﺣ&ٮ)ٮﺞ = ‪S change‬ﺣﺎت = ‪S chat‬ﺣﺎت =‬

‫ﻣﻮﺿوع اﻟ)ڡﺎٮ &)ٮﺎت و ال ‪) non‬ڡﺎٮ &)ٮﺎت‬

‫ﻣ‪6‬ڡﺎر)ٮﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﻪ ‪/‬‬

‫ﻣ‪6‬ڡﺎر)ٮﻪ ‪-‬ٮيﻦ ‪finite /Non finite‬‬

‫‪Comparison of finite /Non finite‬‬

‫‪:‬اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ ‪Finite(tensed) verb‬‬

‫‪1- it is a form of verb or verb phrase shows tense , aspect, voice , and mood.‬‬
 2- Finite verbs are verbs that have subjects and indicate grammatical tense,
person, and number.

3- These verbs describe the action of a person, place, or thing in the sentence.

4-Finite verb phrases have tense contrast, i.e. the distinction ‫ٮﻤ&ٮيﺰ‬6‫اﻟ‬between
present and past tenses

5-There is person concord and number concord between the subject of a

clause and the finite verb phrase

Non finite

1- it is a form of verb or verb phrases not show tense or mood but capable of
indicating aspect and voice.

2- Non-finite verbs are verbs that do not have tenses or subjects(sometimes it has a subject).
3-There are three forms of non-finite verb phrase :
to-infinitive , -ing participle, -ed participle

4- nonfinite clauses lack tense markers and modal auxiliaries.

5-frequently lack a subject and a subordinating conjunction

finite non ‫ ﻟﻮ‬finite‫ﺤﻤﻠﻪ‬-‫ﺷﻠون اﻋﺮف ﻫﺎي اﻟ‬

‫ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ‬- ‫ ﻣﺎﴈ‬/‫ٮﻪ زﻣﻦ ﻣﻀﺎر ع‬6‫ﺤﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﺮ)ڡ‬-‫اذا ﺣﺪدت زﻣﻦ اﻟ‬
( finite) ‫ﺤﻤﻠﻪ‬-‫ٮﻤﺮ اذن ﻫﺎي ﻟﻠ‬6‫ ﻣﺎﴈ ﻣﺴ‬/ ‫ﻣﻀﺎر ع‬

‫ٮ)ٮﻪ )ڡﺎٮ &)ٮﺎت‬6‫ﺣﻤﻠﻪ )ٮﺤﺪد زﻣ)ٮﻬﺎ ٮ &ﻌﲏ زﻣ)ٮﻬﺎ ﻣﻌروف اذن اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ ﻣﺎﻟ‬- ‫اي‬

Non finite .‫ٮﺪون )ڡﺎﻋﻞ )ٮﻜول ﻋ)ٮﻬﺎ‬- ‫ﺣﻤﻠﻪ‬- ‫ٮﺪون )ڡﺎﻋﻞ‬- he, she , it, they, we, you ‫ٮﺪون )ڡﺎﻋﻞ ٮ &ﻌﲏ ﻣﺎﻛﻮ‬- ‫ﺣﻤﻠﻪ‬- ‫ٮﲏ‬6‫ﺣ‬-‫اذا ا‬

(to + ‫ﺤﺮد‬-‫ ﻣ‬.‫ﺤﻤﻠﻪ ب ))ڡﻌﻞ‬-‫ٮﺪت اﻟ‬- ‫اذ‬

non finite ‫ )ٮﻜول ﻋ)ٮﻬﺎ‬to ‫ﺤﻤﻠﻪ ب‬-‫ٮﺪت اﻟ‬- ‫اذا‬
is, am, are ‫ٮﻠﻪ‬-‫ڡ‬6 ‫ٮﺲ ﻣﺎ‬- ing ‫ٮيﻪ‬- ‫ٮ)ڡﻌﻞ‬- ‫ﺤﻤﻠﻪ‬-‫ٮﺪت اﻟ‬- ‫اذا‬
non finite ‫ﻫﺬا اﻛول ﻋ)ٮﻬﺔ‬

he, she., you, they ‫ٮﻠﻪ )ڡﺎﻋﻞ‬-‫ڡ‬6 ‫ٮﺲ ﻣﺎ‬- ed ‫ٮيﻪ‬- ‫ٮ)ڡﻌﻞ‬- ‫ﺤﻤﻠﻪ‬-‫ٮﺪت اﻟ‬- ‫اذا‬
non finite ‫ٮﺎﺷﺮه اﻛول‬-‫ﻣ‬
 ‫‪The past and the perfective‬‬
‫اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ و اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم‬
‫ﺷ)ٮﻮ اﻟ)ڡرق ‪-‬ٮيﻦ اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠ‪6‬ٮ&ٮﻦ؟ ⚠‪?What is the difference between‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪John lived in Paris for ten years‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪John has lived in Paris for ten years‬‬
‫)ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ( )ڡﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ ) ﻟﻢ ٮ &ﻌﺪ ﻣﲀن ‪-‬ﺣون )ڡ‪C‬ى ‪-‬ٮﺎريﺲ (ر‪-‬ٮﻤﺎ ﻣﺎت وا)ٮ‪6‬ٮ‪6‬ڡﻞ إﻟﻰ ‪-‬ٮﻠﺪ آ)ﺣﺮ )‪.‬‬
‫)ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﺔ اﻟ@ٮﺎ)ٮ&ٮﺔ (اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم) ‪-‬ﺣون ﻣﺎٮ &زال ٮ &ﻌ&ٮﺶ )ڡ‪C‬ى ‪-‬ٮﺎريﺲ (أي )ڡ‪6‬ٮﺮة )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻤﺎﴈ ﻟﺤﺪ اﻻن‬

‫‪-: Compare‬‬
‫ﻟ‪6‬ڡﺪ أﻣﻄﺮت→ ‪Ex1 :- It has rained .‬‬
‫�‬

‫ﻟ‪6‬ڡﺪ ﰷ)ٮﺖ ٮ‪6‬ﻤﻄﺮ→ ‪Ex2 :- It has been raining .‬‬

‫اﻟ‪-‬ﺤواب ﻫ&ٮﺞ ٮ &ﻜون‪- :‬‬
‫‪. There is no specific point of time (1‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫‪The rain started in the past passing by now and continues to . the future‬‬
‫• ‪-‬ٮﺎﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ ‪6‬ڡﺼﺪ اﻻرض ﻣ‪-‬ٮﻠﻠﺔ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺎﻛﻮ ﻣﻄﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫• أﻣﺎ اﻟ@ٮﺎ)ٮ&ٮﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﺮ ‪-‬ٮﺪأ )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻤﺎﴈ واﺳ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮ‪6‬ڡ‪-‬ٮﻞ‬

‫‪-‬ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﺤﻮﻟ&ٮهﺎ ﻣـטּ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤ‪-‬ٮﲏ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮم اﻟۍ اﻟﻤ‪-‬ٮﲏ ﻟﻠﻤ‪-‬ﺤﻬول و ﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤيﻊ اﻻزﻣ)ٮﺔ ٮ‪)6‬ڡ&ٮﺪﻛﻢ‬

‫اﻣ‪6‬ٮﺤﺎ)ٮﻜﻢ )ڡ‪6‬ڡﻂ ‪-‬ٮﺎﻟ‪-‬ﺤﺎ‪-‬ٮ‪6‬ٮﺮ اﻟ@ٮﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫‪3.1 Types of verb‬‬

‫‪-‬ٮﻬﺎﻟ)ٮ‪6‬ڡﻄﻪ رح )ٮﺎ)ﺣﺬ ٮ‪6‬ﺼ)ٮ&ٮ)ڡ&ٮﻦ ﻟﻸ)ڡﻌﺎل ﺣﺴﺐ و)ﻃ&ٮ)ڡ‪6‬ٮﻬﺎ) ا)ڡﻌﺎل ‪6‬ڡﺎﻣﻮﺳ&ٮﻪ ﻣﻮ‪-‬ﺣﻮد ﻣﻌ)ٮﺎﻫﺎ و ﻣﻮ‪-‬ﺣﻮده ‪-‬ٮﺎﻟ‪6‬ڡﺎﻣﻮس و ا)ڡﻌﺎل ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪه (‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫ﻫــﺴﻪ )ٮﻮﺿﺢ‬

‫‪Lexical verb :-‬‬

‫ٮ &‪6‬ڡﺴﻢ اﻟۍ ‪6‬ڡﺴﻤ&ٮﻦ‪- :‬‬

‫ﻣ)ٮ‪6‬ٮ)ﻄﻢ → ‪* regular‬‬
‫)ﻋ&ٮﺮ ﻣ)ٮ‪6‬ٮ)ﻄﻢ → ‪* irregular‬‬

‫) ‪The first one will change in past and pp . ( irregular‬‬

‫اﻻول ٮ &‪6‬ٮ’ﻌ&ٮﺮ )ڡـ َ ​‬

‫‪ ʊ‬اﻟﻤﺎﴈ و اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺼريﻒ اﻟ@ٮﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﻣ@ٮﻞ‪- :‬‬
 ‫ﻣ@ٮﻞ‪- :‬‬
‫‪Write > wrote > written‬‬
‫‪speak > spoke > spoken‬‬

‫) ‪The second one will not change in past and pp . ( regular‬‬

‫‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣ‪6‬ٮت’ﻌ&ٮﺮ ‪-‬ٮﺎﻟﻤﺎﴈ او اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺼريﻒ اﻟ@ٮﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫‪،‬‬ ‫اﻻ)ڡﻌﺎل اﻟ‪6‬ڡﺎﻣﻮﺳ&ٮﻪ‬

‫) ‪dictionary verb ( write , call , walk , beautify , ect‬‬

‫‪ 20] ,.‬ﻣﺎرس ‪) 2024‬ڡ‪C‬ى ‪[4:52 AM‬‬

‫اﻻ)ڡﻌﺎل ‪6‬ڡﺎﻣﻮﺳ&ٮﻪ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﲎ ‪6‬ڡﺎﻣﻮﳼ‬
‫ﻣ@ٮﺎل‪- :‬‬

‫‪I will buy a book.‬‬

‫اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ ‪ buy‬اذا )ٮ‪-‬ٮﺤﺚ ﻋ)ٮﻪ ‪-‬ٮﺎﻟ‪6‬ڡﺎﻣﻮس رح )ٮﻠﻜﻪ ﻣﻌ)ٮﺎه‪.‬‬

‫‪،‬‬ ‫اﻣ@ٮﻠﻪ ا)ﺣرى ﻟﻠ‪6‬ٮﻮﺿيﺢ‬

‫‪I will sell a book‬‬

‫اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ ‪ sell‬ٮ &ﻮ‪-‬ﺣﺪ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻌﲎ ‪6‬ڡﺎﻣﻮﳼ‬

‫‪I will read a book‬‬

‫اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ ‪ .read‬اٮ &ﻀﺎ ٮ &ﻮ‪-‬ﺣﺪ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻌﲎ ‪6‬ڡﺎﻣﻮﳼ )ڡـ َ ​‬
‫‪ ʊ‬اﻟ‪6‬ڡﺎﻣﻮس‬
‫‪I will borrow a book‬‬
‫اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ ‪ borrow‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ )ٮ)ڡﺲ اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ اﻟﲇ ‪-‬ٮﺎﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﻪ اﻟﺴﺎ‪-‬ٮ‪6‬ڡﻪ‬
‫‪I will lend a book‬‬

‫‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ ‪ lend‬اٮ &ﻀﺎ اﻟﻪ ﻣﻌﲎ ‪6‬ڡﺎﻣﻮﳼ ﻣ@ٮﻞ اﻻ)ڡﻌﺎل اﻟﲇ )ڡﻮك ‪-‬ٮﺎﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻞ‬

‫ﻣﻮ ﻫﻢ )ڡﻌﻞ ?‬ ‫ﻫــﺴﻪ ٮ‪6‬ﻜﻮﻟون زيﻦ و ‪will‬‬

‫اي ﺻﺢ ۿـ َ‪) ​ʊ‬ڡﻌﻞ ‪-‬ٮـﺴﮧ )ڡﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ و اذا )ﺣﻠ&ٮ‪6‬ٮﻬﺎ ‪-‬ٮﺎﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﻪ و ﺣﺬ)ڡﺖ اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ اﻻ)ﺣﺮ ﻣـטּ اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﻪ رح ٮ‪6‬ﺼ&ٮﺮ اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻞ ﻛ ُﻠﻬﺎ )ٮ)ڡﺲ اﻟﻤﻌﲎ‬
‫ﺷﻠون ?‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫ﻻﺣ)ﻄوا اﻟﺤﺬف اﻟﲇ رح ٮ &ﺼ&ٮﺮ‬
 ‫‪I will a book‬‬
‫‪I will a book‬‬
‫ﺷﻮ)ڡوا ﻣـטּ ﺣﺬ)ڡﺖ اﻻ)ڡﻌﺎل و ‪-‬ٮ‪6‬ڡ&ٮﺖ ‪ will‬ﺻﺎر ﻣﻌﲎ اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻞ )ٮ)ڡﺲ اﻟﴚ و ﻣﺎ)ٮﻄ‪6‬ٮﲏ ﻣﻌﲎ واﺿﺢ ‪-‬ٮي)ٮﻤﺎ ﻣـטּ اﺣﺬ)ڡﻬﺎ اﻟﻬﺎ و ا‪-‬ٮ‪6‬ڡ‪C‬ى اﻻ)ڡﻌﺎل‬
‫‪ ،‬ﺷﻮ)ڡوا‬ ‫اﻻ)ﺣرى رح ٮ‪6‬ﺼ&ٮﺮ اﻟكﻠﻤﺎت ﻣ)ڡﻬﻮﻣﻪ‬

‫‪I buy‬‬
‫‪I read .....‬‬
‫ﻣـטּ ﺣﺬ)ڡﺖ ‪ will‬ﻣـטּ اﻟكﻠﻤﺎت ﺻﺎرت اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﲎ ﻣ)ڡﻬﻮم )ڡﻬﻤ‪6‬ٮوا ﻣﻌ)ٮﺎﻫﻦ ﻟﻜﻦ )ڡﻮك ﻼ ﻣﺎ)ڡﻬﻤ‪6‬ٮوا‬

‫اذن ﺷـ)ٮﻮ ﺻﺎر او ﺷـ)ٮﻮ اﺳ‪6‬ٮ)ٮ‪6‬ٮ‪-‬ﺤ)ٮﻪ؟‬

‫اﻟﲇ اﺳ‪6‬ٮ)ٮ‪6‬ٮ‪-‬ﺤ)ٮﺎه ا)ٮﻮ ‪) will‬ڡﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ‪-‬ٮـﺴﮧ ﻣﻮ ‪6‬ڡﺎﻣﻮﳼ ‪ not a lexical verb‬ﻣ‪-‬ﺤﺮد ﻫﻮ )ڡﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ٮ &ﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ اﻟﺮﺋ&ٮﴘ )ڡـ َ ​‬
‫‪ ʊ‬اﻛﻤﺎل‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﲎ ) ﻣـטּ )ٮﺎﺣ&ٮﻪ ‪6‬ڡواﻋﺪٮ &ﻪ( ٮ &ﻌﲏ ﺷﻠون؟ ٮ &ﻌﲏ ﺣﱴ )ٮ)ڡﻬﻢ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﲇ ‪-‬ٮﺎﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﻪ و اﻟﻤﻌﲎ اﻟ‪6‬ڡواﻋﺪي ﺷـ)ٮﻮ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎﴈ ﻣﻀﺎر ع ﻟـﻮ ﻣﺴ‪6‬ٮ‪6‬ڡ‪-‬ٮﻞ‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣ@ٮ‪-‬ٮﺖ ﻟـﻮ ﻣ)ٮ)ڡ‪C‬ى ﻟـﻮ ﺳؤال‬

‫)ٮ‪-‬ح‪C‬ى ﻟﻠ‪6‬ٮﺼ)ٮ&ٮﻒ اﻟ@ٮﺎ)ٮ‪C‬ى او اﻟﻤ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻮﻋﻪ اﻟ@ٮﺎ)ٮ&ٮﻪ ﻣـטּ اﻻ)ڡﻌﺎل اﻟﲇ ۿـ َ‪ ​ʊ‬اﻻ)ڡﻌﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪه اﻟﲇ )ٮﻌ‪6‬ٮ‪-‬ٮﺮﻫﺎ ‪not a lexical‬‬

‫‪Auxiliary verbs‬‬

‫اﻻ)ڡﻌﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪه ۿـ َ‪ ​ʊ‬ا)ڡﻌﺎل ٮ‪6‬ﺴﺎﻋﺪ او ٮ‪6‬ﺴ)ٮﺪ اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ اﻟﺮﺋ&ٮﴘ ﺣﱴ ٮ‪6‬ﻮﺻﻞ ﻣﻌﲎ واﺿﺢ و ٮ‪6‬ﺮﻛ&ٮﺐ ‪6‬ڡواﻋﺪي ﻣﻜ‪6‬ٮﻤﻞ و ﻣﺎ اﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﲎ ‪6‬ڡﺎﻣﻮﳼ‬
‫ﻣ@ٮﻞ اﻻ)ڡﻌﺎل اﻟﺮﺋ&ٮﺴ&ٮﻪ ‪،‬‬

‫ٮ‪)6‬ٮ‪6‬ڡﺴﻢ اﻟۍ ‪6‬ڡﺴﻤ&ٮﻦ ‪- :‬‬

‫‪-------------------------------------‬‬

‫‪1-Primary (helping verb) :-‬‬

‫) ‪(Do , Does , have , has‬‬

‫‪،‬‬ ‫ا)ڡﻌﺎل ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪه ٮ‪6‬ﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪم ‪-‬ٮــ ُ‬

‫ڪﻞ زﻣﻦ‬
‫‪-------------------------------------‬‬

‫‪2-Modal verb:-‬‬

‫) ‪( may ,might, can , could , would, shall, should, must , ought to , used to , need, dare‬‬

‫ا)ڡﻌﺎل اﻟﻤﻮدل او اﻟ)ٮﺎ‪6‬ڡﺼﻪ اٮ &ﻀﺎ ٮ‪6‬ﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻌﻤﻞ اﻻ)ڡﻌﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪه‬

‫‪#‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﻪ اﺿﺎ)ڡ&ٮﻪ‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎه‪C‬ى اﻻ)ڡﻌﺎل اﻟ)ٮﺎ‪6‬ڡﺼﻪ؟ ﺣﱴ ٮ‪6‬ﻌﺮ)ڡون ﺷكﻠﻬﺎ و ٮ‪6‬ﻤ&ٮزوﻫﻦ ﻋﻦ ‪-‬ٮ‪6‬ڡ&ٮﻪ اﻻ)ڡﻌﺎل‬

‫أي )ڡﻌﻞ ٮ &ﺄ‪6‬ٮ‪C‬ى ‪-‬ٮـﻌـﺪ اﻻ)ڡﻌﺎل اﻟ)ٮﺎ‪6‬ڡﺼﻪ ٮ &ﻜون ﻣ‪-‬ﺤﺮد )ﺣﺎل‪C‬ى ﻣـטּ أي اﺿﺎ)ڡﻪ‬
 ‫أي )ڡﻌﻞ ٮ &ﺄ‪6‬ٮ‪C‬ى ‪-‬ٮـﻌـﺪ اﻻ)ڡﻌﺎل اﻟ)ٮﺎ‪6‬ڡﺼﻪ ٮ &ﻜون ﻣ‪-‬ﺤﺮد )ﺣﺎل‪C‬ى ﻣـטּ أي اﺿﺎ)ڡﻪ‬

‫‪can, could, may, might, must, need not, shall / will, should / ought to.‬‬

‫ﻟكﻞ )ڡﻌﻞ )ٮﺎ‪6‬ڡﺺ اﺳ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪام ﻣﻌ&ٮﻦ ‪ ،‬ٮ &ﻌﲏ ﻣ@ٮﻼ‪-:‬‬

‫ٮ‪6‬ﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪم ﻟﻠ‪6‬ٮﻌ‪-‬ٮ&ٮﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟ‪6‬ڡﺎ‪-‬ٮﻠ&ٮﻪ ‪can, could‬‬

‫ٮ‪6‬ﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪم ﻟﻠ)ٮﺼ&ٮﺤﻪ ‪Should, ought to‬‬

‫)ٮﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪﻣﻬﻦ ﻟﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺴﻤﺎح ﻟﻠ‪6‬ڡ&ٮﺎم ‪-‬ٮﴚء ﻣﺎ ‪Can, could, might, may‬‬

‫ٮ &ﻌﲏ ال ‪ can, could‬ﻣﺮه ٮ‪6‬ﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪم ﻟﻠ‪6‬ڡﺎ‪-‬ٮﻠ&ٮﻪ و‬

‫‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮه ﻟﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺴﻤﺎح‬
‫‪Will, shall‬‬
‫)ٮﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪﻣﻬﻦ ﻟﺴؤال ﺷ)ﺤﺺ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻠ‪6‬ڡ&ٮﺎم ‪-‬ٮﺼ)ٮﻊ ﺷـ َ ​‬
‫‪ ʊ‬ء ﻣﺎ‬

‫‪Must/need not/should‬‬
‫)ٮﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪﻣﻬﻦ ﻟﻸﻟزام‬

‫ﻟﻸﺣ‪6‬ٮﻤﺎﻟ&ٮﻪ ‪May/might for‬‬

‫ﻟﻸﺳ‪6‬ٮ)ٮ‪6‬ٮﺎج ‪May/can’t/must/will/shall‬‬

‫ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻋ)ٮﻬﻦ ‪-‬ٮـﺴﮧ ﺣﱴ ٮ‪6‬ﻌﺮ)ڡﻮﻫﻦ ﻫﻦ ﺷـ)ٮﻮ و اﻟﻤﻦ )ٮﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪﻣﻬﻦ ‪ +‬رح ٮ &ﻜون اﻟﻬﻦ ﺷرح ﻣ)ڡﺼﻞ اﻛ@ٮﺮ ﻣـטּ )ٮﻮﺻﻞ ﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻋﻬﻦ‬

‫‪3.2‬‬

‫√ ‪Verbal forms and the verb phrase‬‬

‫‪Many English lexical verbs have five forms: -‬‬

‫اﻟﻜ@ٮ&ٮﺮ ﻣـטּ اﻻ)ڡﻌﺎل اﻟ‪6‬ڡﺎﻣﻮﺳ&ٮﻪ اﻟﻤﻌ‪-‬ﺤﻤ&ٮﻪ ﻟﻬﺎ )ﺣﻤﺲ اﺷﲀل او اﻟﻬﺎ )ﺣﻤﺲ ‪6‬ڡواﻋﺪ )ﺣﺎﺻﻪ ‪-‬ٮيهﺎ و ٮ‪)6‬ٮﻄ‪-‬ٮﻖ ﻋﻠ&ٮهﺎ √‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫)ﺣﻞ )ٮﺸﻮف ﺷـ)ٮﻮ ﻫﺎﻟ‪6‬ڡواﻋﺪ او اﻻﺷﲀل‬

‫‪The base: -‬‬

‫اول ﺷ&ٮﮧ اﻟﻤ‪-‬ﺤﺮد ٮ &ﻌﲏ ﺷـ)ٮﻮ ?‬

‫)ٮ‪-‬ح‪C‬ى ﻟﻼ)ٮواع اول )ٮوع )ٮﺸﻮف ‪-‬ٮ‪C‬ى اﻟﻤ‪-‬ﺤﺮد ‪-:‬‬

‫‪(a)- all the present tense except 3rd person‬‬

 ‫‪(a)- all the present tense except 3rd person‬‬

‫ٮ &ﻌﲏ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع ﻣﺎﻋﺪا اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﲇ ٮ‪6‬ﻌ‪6‬ٮ‪-‬ٮﺮ او اﻟﲇ ٮ‪6‬ﻀ&ٮﻒ ﻟﻠ)ڡﻌﻞ ‪- s‬ٮﺤ&ٮﺚ ٮ‪6‬ﺼ&ٮﺮ ﺷ)ﺤﺺ ٮ@ﺎﻟﺚ ‪،‬‬
‫)ڡـ ﻫﻮ ﻫ)ٮﺎ ﻣ&ٮريﺪ اﻻﺿﺎ)ڡﻪ اذن ٮ &ﻌﲏ ﺷـ)ٮﻮ ?‬

‫ٮ &ﻌﲏ ٮ &ريﺪ ‪-‬ٮـﺴﮧ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﲇ ﻣ‪6‬ٮﻀ&ٮﻒ ﻟﻠ)ڡﻌﻞ اﻟﲇ ‪-‬ٮﻌﺪه اﺿﺎ)ڡﻪ او ٮ‪)6‬ﺤﲇ ﺷ)ﺤﺺ ٮ@ﺎﻟﺚ‪.‬‬
‫?‬ ‫زيﻦ ﺷـ)ٮﻮ ﻫﻦ ﻫﺬ)ٮ‪C‬ى اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ﻫﻦ‬

‫‪The singular: - I/You/We/ They‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﻋﺪا ﻫﺬه اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‪ He/she/it - :‬ﻻن رح ٮ‪6‬ﻀ&ٮﻒ اﺿﺎ)ڡﻪ ﻟﻠ)ڡﻌﻞ و اﺣ)ٮﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣ)ٮريﺪﻫﺎ‬

‫‪B ) Imperative‬‬
‫اٮ &ﻀا ً ﻣﻊ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻪ اﻻﻣريﻪ ٮ &ﻜون اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ ﻣ‪-‬ﺤﺮد‬
‫‪C ) bare infinitive‬‬
‫‪And to infinitive‬‬
‫اٮ &ﻀا ً ٮ &ﺄ‪6‬ٮ‪C‬ى ‪-‬ٮﻌﺪﻫﻢ )ڡﻌﻞ ﻣ‪-‬ﺤﺮد‬

‫)ٮﻜﻤﻞ ‪...‬‬

‫اﻟ)ٮوع اﻟ@ٮﺎ)ٮ‪C‬ى او اﻟﺸكﻞ اﻟ@ٮﺎ)ٮ‪C‬ى ﻟﻼ)ڡﻌﺎل اﻟﻤﻌ‪-‬ﺤﻤ&ٮﻪ ‪-:‬‬

‫)‪s-form (3rd person) (v-s‬‬

‫‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷـ)ٮﻮ ٮ &ﻌﲏ‬

‫ٮ &ﻌﲏ اﻻ)ڡﻌﺎل اﻟﲇ ٮ &)ٮﻀﺎف اﻟﻬﺎ ‪- s‬ٮ)ٮﻬﺎٮ &‪6‬ٮﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬و ﻫﺬا اﻟﴚ )ٮﺸﻮ)ڡﻪ ‪-‬ٮﺎﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻤ)ڡﺮده اﻟﲇ ٮ‪6‬ﻀ&ٮﻒ ﻟﻠ)ڡﻌﻞ ‪ s‬و ٮ‪6‬ﻜون ﺷ)ﺤﺺ ٮ@ﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫زيﻦ ﺷـ)ٮﻮ ﻫﺎﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ؟‬
‫اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ۿـ َ ​‬
‫‪-:ʊ‬‬
‫‪He/she/it‬‬

‫اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ اﻟﲇ ٮ &‪-‬ح‪C‬ى ‪-‬ٮﻌﺪﻫﺎ ‪-‬ٮﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع ﺣ&ٮﻜون ﻣ)ٮ‪6‬ٮه‪C‬ى ‪-‬ٮــ ‪ s‬اﻟﺸ)ﺤﺺ اﻟ@ٮﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣ@ٮﺎل‬
‫‪He calls every body.‬‬
‫‪she goes to school.‬‬
‫‪It rises in the sky.‬‬

‫‪---------------------------------------‬‬

‫اﻟﺸكﻞ اﻟ@ٮﺎﻟﺚ‪- :‬‬

‫)‪Past(v-ed‬‬
‫ٮ &ﻌﲏ اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ ) اﻻ)ڡﻌﺎل اﻟﲇ ٮ‪6‬ﻜون ﺷﺎذه و )ﻋ&ٮﺮ ﺷﺎذه ( ‪regular &irregular‬‬

‫‪He called yesterday.‬‬

 ‫‪I ate a delicious pitza yesterday .‬‬
‫‪She put her clothes here yesterday.‬‬

‫‪ 20] ,.‬ﻣﺎرس ‪) 2024‬ڡ‪C‬ى ‪[4:52 AM‬‬

‫‪---------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫‪-ing participle (present participle).‬‬
‫ﻫﺎﻟ)ٮ‪6‬ڡﻄﻪ رح ٮ‪6‬ﻜون ‪-‬ٮ)ٮﻮﻋ&ٮﻦ‪- :‬‬
‫)‪A- progress aspect (be+v-ing‬‬
‫ٮ &ﻌﲏ ﺻ&ٮ’ﻌﻪ اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ‬
‫ﻣ@ٮﺎل‪- :‬‬
‫‪He is calling in a moment.‬‬

‫)اﺳﻢ اﻟ)ڡﺎﻋﻞ( ‪B- in-ing participle clauses‬‬

‫ٮ &ﻌﲏ ‪-‬ﺣﻤﻠﻪ ٮ‪6‬ﺤ‪6‬ٮوي اﺳﻢ اﻟ)ڡﺎﻋﻞ ) ﻫﻮ )ڡﻌﻞ ٮ‪6‬ﺤول اﻟۍ اﺳﻢ )ڡﺎﻋﻞ ‪-‬ٮﺄﺿﺎ)ڡﻪ ‪( ing‬‬

‫ﻣ@ٮﺎل‪- :‬‬
‫‪Calling early, I found her at home.‬‬

‫ا)ﺣﺮ ﺷكﻞ ﻟـﻼ)ڡﻌﺎل اﻟﻤﻌ‪-‬ﺤﻤ&ٮﻪ ﻫﻮ ‪- :‬‬

‫‪- ed-participles (V- ed2).‬‬

‫)‪(past participles‬‬

‫ﻫﻢ اﻟﻬﺎ ‪ 3‬أ)ٮواع او أﺷﲀل ٮ‪-6‬ح‪C‬ى ‪-‬ٮيهﻦ ﻫﺎﻟ)ٮ‪6‬ڡﻄﻪ‪- :‬‬

‫‪A- prefective aspect (have+v-ed2).‬‬

‫‪ ،‬ﻋﺮ)ڡ)ٮﺎ ا)ٮﻮ اﻟ)ٮوع اﻻول او ٮ‪-6‬ح‪C‬ى اﻻ)ڡﻌﺎل اﻟﻤﻌ‪-‬ﺤﻤ&ٮﻪ )ڡ‪C‬ى ‪6‬ڡﺎﻋﺪه اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣـטּ )ﺣﻼل ﻫﺎﻟ‪6‬ڡﺎﻋﺪه‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣ)ﻄﻪ اﻟﻤ‪6‬ڡﺼﻮد ‪-‬ٮــ ‪ ed2‬ۿـ َ‪ ​ʊ‬ا)ڡﻌﺎل اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺼريﻒ اﻟ@ٮﺎﻟﺚ‬

‫ﻣ@ٮﺎل‪- :‬‬
‫‪He has drunk the water.‬‬

‫)‪B- passive voice (be+v-ed2‬‬

‫‪،‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‪-‬ٮﲏ ﻟﻠﻤ‪-‬ﺤﻬول‬
‫ﻣ@ٮﺎل‪- :‬‬
‫‪He is called Jack.‬‬

‫‪C- in - ed participle clause‬‬

‫اﺳﻢ اﻟﻤ)ڡﻌول ) )ڡﻌﻞ ٮ‪6‬ﻤﺖ اﺿﺎ)ڡﻪ ‪ ed‬ﻟﻪ )ڡﺄﺻ‪-‬ٮﺢ اﺳﻢ ﻣ)ڡﻌول (‬
 ( ‫ٮﺢ اﺳﻢ ﻣ)ڡﻌول‬-‫ ﻟﻪ )ڡﺄﺻ‬ed ‫ﻤﺖ اﺿﺎ)ڡﻪ‬6‫اﺳﻢ اﻟﻤ)ڡﻌول ) )ڡﻌﻞ ٮ‬
- :‫ﻣ@ٮﺎل‬
Called early, he had a quick breakfast.

3.7/ page 29
Doubling of consonant
‫ﻣﻀﺎﻋ)ڡﺔ اﻷﺻوات اﻟﺼﺤ&ٮﺤﺔ‬

‫ﺤﻰ ﻛﺤﺮف واﺣﺪ‬-‫ٮﻠﻪ و ٮ &ه‬-‫ڡ‬6 ‫ ﻋ)ٮﺪﻣﺎ ٮ &ُﺸﺪد ﺻﻮت اﻟﻌﻠﺔ اﻟﺬي‬ed ‫ و‬ing ‫ٮﻞ إﺿﺎ)ڡﻪ‬-‫ڡ‬6 ‫ ُﻀﺎﻋﻒ اﻷﺻوات اﻟﺼﺤ&ٮﺤﻪ‬6‫ٮ‬
- :‫ﻣ@ٮﻞ‬
bar > barring > barred

permit > permitting > permitting

-------------------------------------

- :‫ ﻣ@ٮﻞ‬، ‫ٮﺤﺮ)ڡ&ٮﻦ‬- ‫ٮﺐ‬6‫و ﻻ ٮ &ُﻀﺎﻋﻒ اﻟﺼﻮت اﻟﺼﺤيﺢ ﺣ&ٮ)ٮﻤﺎ ٮ &ﻜون ﺻﻮت اﻟﻌﻠﺔ )ﻋ&ٮﺮ ُﻣﺸﺪد أو ٮ &ُﻜ‬
Enter > entering > entered

Dread > dreading > dreaded

-------------------------------------------

Exceptions ‫ٮث)ٮﺎءات‬6‫ اﺳ‬:-

-g > -gg

- c > -ck

humbug > humbugging > humbugged

traffic > trafficking > trafficked

‫ٮﻖ‬-‫ﺷرح_اﻻزﻣ)ٮﻪ درﺳ)ٮﻪ اﻟﺴﺎ‬#

#The_present

What are the main three types of present?

‫ى اﻷ)ٮواع اﻟﺮﺋ&ٮﺴ&ٮﺔ اﻟ@ٮﻼث ﻟﻠ)ڡﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع؟‬C‫ﻣﺎه‬

Timeless expressed with the simple present form:

‫ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ‬-‫ٮﺎﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‬- ‫ٮﺮ ﻋ)ٮﻪ‬-‫ڡﺖ و ٮ &ﻌ‬6‫اﻟﺬي ﻟ&ٮﺲ ﻟﻪ و‬
 ‫ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ‬-‫ٮﺎﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‬- ‫ٮﺮ ﻋ)ٮﻪ‬-‫ڡﺖ و ٮ &ﻌ‬6‫اﻟﺬي ﻟ&ٮﺲ ﻟﻪ و‬

I (always) write with a special pen.

The spider has eight legs.

-------------------------------------------

Limited , expressed with the present progressive

‫ٮﻤﺮ‬6‫ٮﺎﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟﻤﺴ‬- ‫ٮﺮ ﻋ)ٮﻪ‬-‫اﻟﻤﺤﺪد و ٮ &ﻌ‬
I am writing (on this occasion) with a special pen.
، am writing ‫اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ ﻫ)ٮﺎ ﻫﻮ‬

Normally he lives in London but at the present he is living in Boston.

lives ‫اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ ﻫ)ٮﺎ ﻫﻮ‬

is living ‫ى ﻫﻮ‬C‫اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ اﻟ@ٮﺎ)ٮ‬
-------------------------------------

Instantaneous, expressed with either the simple (especially in a series) or the progressive form
( ‫ٮﻤر‬6‫ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ (و )ﺣﺎﺻﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ) او )ڡﻌﻞ ﻣﺴ‬- ‫ٮ)ڡﻌﻞ‬- ‫ٮﺮ ﻋ)ٮﻪ اﻣﺎ‬-‫ و ٮ &ﻌ‬، ‫ى‬C‫)ڡﻌﻞ آ)ٮ‬

Watch carefully now: first, I write with my ordinary pen; now, I write with a special pen.

، I write ‫اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ ﻫ)ٮﺎ ﻫﻮ‬

As you see, I am dropping the stone into the water.

I'm dropping ‫اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ ﻫ)ٮﺎ ﻫﻮ‬

----------------------------------------------------
‫ٮﻖ‬-‫ﻮﺿيﺢ ﻟﻤﺎﺳ‬6‫ٮ‬
‫ﻫﺎي ا)ٮواع اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع‬

1- timeless
‫ڡﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﺪاﺋﻤﻪ‬6‫ٮﺎﻻﺷ&ٮﺎء و اﻻﺷ)ﺤﺎص او اﻟﺤ‬- ‫ڡﻪ‬6‫ٮﻌﻠ‬6‫ٮﺎﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟﲇ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻌﺎدات اﻟﻤ‬- ‫ﺣﻮد‬-‫ ﻋﺪ)ٮﻪ ﻫﺎﻟﴚ ﻣﻮ‬: ‫ڡﺔ‬6‫ڡ&ٮ‬6‫اﻟﺪاﺋﻤﺔ او اﻟﺤ‬
‫ﻣ@ٮﻼ‬
- I always go to school at 7 . ( habitual action )
(‫ )ﻫﺎي ﻋﺎدة ٮ &ﻮﻣ&ٮﺔ‬. 7 ‫داﺋﻤﺎ اذﻫﺐ ﻟﻠﻤﺪرﺳﻪ ﺳﺎﻋﻪ‬
 ‫‪Ex :- The sun sets in the west . ( fact ) .‬‬

‫ٮ‪’6‬ﻌﺮب اﻟﺸﻤﺲ )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟ’ﻌﺮب ‪ ) .‬ﻫﺎي ﺣ‪6‬ڡ&ٮ‪6‬ڡﺔ (‬

‫‪2- limited‬‬
‫اﻟﲇ ﻫﻮ اﻟﴚ اﻟﻤﺤﺪود ٮ &ﻌﲏ ﻣ@ٮﻼ دا اﻛ‪6‬ٮﺐ ﺣﺎﻟ&ٮﺎ ‪-‬ٮ‪6‬ڡﻠﻢ ﻟﻮ)ٮﻪ اﺣﻤﺮ ﻟ)ڡ‪6‬ٮﺮه ﻣﺤﺪوده و اﻛ‪6‬ٮﺐ ‪-‬ٮ’ﻌ&ٮﺮه ٮ &ﻌﲏ ﻫ)ٮﺎ اﻛﺪر اﻋ‪-‬ٮﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻛ‪6‬ٮﺎ‪-‬ٮﱵ ‪-‬ٮﺎﻟ‪6‬ڡﻠﻢ اﻻﺣﻤﺮ‬
‫‪-‬ٮﺎﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ‬

‫) ‪Ex :- I am writing on this occasion with a red pen . ( limited duratio‬‬

‫أﻛ‪6‬ٮﺐ ‪-‬ٮﻬﺬه اﻟﻤ)ٮﺎﺳ‪-‬ٮﺔ ‪-‬ٮ‪6‬ڡﻠﻢ أﺣﻤﺮ‪)) .‬ڡ‪6‬ٮﺮة ﻣﺤﺪودة(‬

‫‪3- Instantaneous‬‬

‫اﻟ)ٮوع اﻟ@ٮﺎﻟﺚ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺸ&ٮﮧ اﻟﲇ دٮ &ﺼ&ٮﺮ ‪-‬ٮﻬﺎﻟﻠﺤ)ﻄﻪ ٮ &ﻜون اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ آ)ٮ‪C‬ى وﻫﺬا ٮ &‪-‬ح‪C‬ى اﻣﺎ ﻣﻀﺎر ع ‪-‬ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ او ﻣﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ‬

‫) ‪Ex :- I write with a red pen . ( past‬‬

‫) ‪Ex :- I am writing with a red pen . ( present‬‬

‫‪#Simple_present_tense‬‬
‫‪#‬اﻟﺰﻣﻦ_اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع_اﻟ‪-‬ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ‬

‫‪Uses :- This tense is used with 1-habits , 2- facts, 3- repeated actions .‬‬
‫إﺳ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪاﻣﺎٮ‪6‬ﻪ ‪ -:‬ٮ &ﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪم ﻫﺬا اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﺎدات و اﻟﺤ‪6‬ڡﺎﺋﻖ و اﻻﺣﺪاث اﻟﻤ‪6‬ٮﻜرره‪.‬‬

‫ٮ‪6‬ﻮﺿيﺢ‬

‫ﻣﺎ ه‪C‬ى اﺳ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪاﻣﺎت زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪-‬ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ ‪Present Simple Uses‬؟‬

‫ٮ &ﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪم ﻟﻠ‪6‬ٮﻌ‪-‬ٮ&ٮﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﺎدات واﻷﺣﺪاث اﻟﻤ‪6‬ٮﻜررة‬

‫‪Habits and Routine‬‬

‫‪I wake up at 7:00 every morning‬‬

‫اﺳ‪6‬ٮ&ٮ‪6‬ڡﻆ ﻣﻦ اﻟ)ٮﻮم اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺴﺎ‪-‬ٮﻌﺔ كﻞ ﺻ‪-‬ٮﺎح‬

‫‪She rides her bike to school‬‬

‫ه‪C‬ى ٮ‪66‬ڡﻮد درا‪-‬ﺣ‪6‬ٮﻬﺎ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﺔ‬
 They meet every Sunday.
‫ڡون كﻞ ٮ &ﻮم أﺣﺪ‬6‫ٮ‬6‫ﻫﻢ ٮ &ﻠ‬

The museum opens at 10:00.

‫ٮﺤﻒ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮة‬6‫ٮﺢ اﻟﻤ‬6‫ٮ &)ڡ‬

‫ٮﺔ واﻟﻌﻠﻤ&ٮﺔ‬6‫ٮ‬-‫ڡﺎﺋﻖ اﻟ@ٮﺎ‬6‫ٮ&ٮﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺤ‬-‫ٮﻌ‬6‫ٮ)ﺤﺪم ﻟﻠ‬6‫ٮ &ﺴ‬

Facts

[4:52 AM ‫ى‬C‫ )ڡ‬2024 ‫ ﻣﺎرس‬20] ,.

Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.

‫ ﻣﺌويﺔ‬100 ‫ﺣﺔ‬-‫’ﻌﲇ اﻟﻤﺎء ﻋﲆ در‬6‫ٮ‬

Sun rises from the east.

‫ﺸرق ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸرق‬6‫اﻟﺸﻤﺲ ٮ‬

The word smart means “intelligent”.

‫ﻣﻌﲎ كﻠﻤﺔ “ﺳﻤﺎرت” ذﰷء‬

‫ٮﻜرار‬6‫ٮ)ﺤﺪم ﻣﻊ أﺣوال اﻟ‬6‫ٮ &ﺴ‬

adverbs of frequency

Always/ Usually/ Often/ Sometimes/ Rarely/ Seldom/ Hardly ever/ Never

Ahmad rarely works out.

‫ٮﺪرب‬6& ‫أﺣﻤﺪ )ٮﺎدرا ﻣﺎ ٮ‬

I sometimes add insult to injury.

‫ٮﻠﺔ‬- ‫ٮﻌﺾ اﻷﺣ&ٮﺎن ازيﺪ اﻟﻄ&ٮﻦ‬- ‫ى‬C‫)ڡ‬
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structure: - The sentence in this tense is structured as follows: -

Subject + verb (with or without +s )

- :‫ى‬C‫ٮﺎل‬6‫ﻜون ﰷﻟ‬6‫ﺤﻤﻠﻪ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ٮ‬-‫ٮﺮﻛ&ٮﺐ ﻟ‬6‫اﻟ‬

‫ﺣﻤﺎد او ﺣ&ٮوان( أو ﰷن اﻟ)ڡﺎﻋﻞ اﺣﺪ اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﱵ‬- ) ، ( ‫ اﻟﺸ)ﺤﺺ اﻟ@ٮﺎﻟﺚ اذا ﰷن اﻟ)ڡﺎﻋﻞ ﻣ)ڡﺮد ) ذﻛﺮ او أ)ٮﱺ‬s ‫ اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ ﻣﻀﺎف ﻟﻪ‬+ ‫اﻟ)ڡﺎﻋﻞ‬
​ َ ‫ۿـ‬
-:ʊ
 ‫‪He , She, It‬‬

‫اﻣﺎ اذا ﰷن اﻟ)ڡﺎﻋﻞ ‪-‬ﺣﻤﻊ ) ﻣﺬﻛﺮ او ﻣﺆ)ٮﺚ ( ‪ ،‬أو ﺿﻤ&ٮﺮ اﻟﻤ‪6‬ٮكﻠﻢ )ٮ)ڡﺴﻪ )‪ (I‬أو اﺣﺪ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ ‪-:‬‬

‫‪I , We , You , They .‬‬

‫)ڡﻼ ٮ &‪6‬ٮﻢ إﺿﺎ)ڡﺔ ‪ s‬اﻟﺸ)ﺤﺺ اﻟ@ٮﺎﻟﺚ ﻟﻠ)ڡﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟﻤ‪-‬ﺤﺮد‬

‫‪---------------------------------------------‬‬

‫اﻟ)ٮ)ڡ‪C‬ى واﻻﺳ‪6‬ٮ)ڡﻬﺎم )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪-‬ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ‬

‫‪Present Simple Negative and Interrogative Forms‬‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻆ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ‪) :‬ٮﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪم ‪ Do‬أو ‪) Does‬ڡ‪C‬ى ﺻ&ٮ’ﻌﺔ اﻟ)ٮ)ڡ‪C‬ى واﻻﺳ‪6‬ٮ)ڡﻬﺎم واﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ ٮ &ﻜون ‪-‬ٮﺪون أي إﺿﺎ)ڡﺎت‬

‫‪6‬ڡﺎﻋﺪة اﻟ)ٮ)ڡ‪C‬ى‪- :‬‬

‫‪Subject + don't / doesn't + base verb + C .‬‬

‫اﻟ)ڡﺎﻋﻞ ﺳواء أﰷن اﺳﻢ أو ‪-‬ﺣﻤﺎد أو ﺿﻤ&ٮﺮ )ڡﺎﻋﻞ‬

‫‪He / she / it > doesn't‬‬

‫‪I / you / we / they > do‬‬

‫اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ ٮ &ﻜون ﻣ‪-‬ﺤﺮد )ڡـ َ ​‬

‫‪ ʊ‬اﻟ)ٮ)ڡ‪C‬ى و ‪-‬ٮﻌﺪه اﻟ‪6‬ٮﻜﻤﻠﻪ‬

‫‪She don't speak English.‬‬

‫‪-----------------------------------------------‬‬

‫أﻣﺎ ‪6‬ڡﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺴؤال‪- :‬‬

‫‪Do /Does + Subject + base verb + C‬‬

‫‪Does > he, she, it‬‬

‫‪Do> I , we, you, they‬‬
‫و اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ اٮ &ﻀﺎ ٮ &ﻜون ﻣ‪-‬ﺤﺮد )ڡـ َ ​‬
‫‪ ʊ‬اﻟﺴؤال و ‪-‬ٮﻌﺪه اﻟ‪6‬ٮﻜﻤﻠﻪ‬

‫? ‪Do you speak English‬‬

 ---------------------------------------------
Adverbs: - usually, sometimes, always, generally, occasionally, twice a day, every (tense).

I usually go shopping.

I never miss my breakfast.

‫ﻣﻼﺣ)ﻄﻪ‬
Is, are, am

، ‫ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ‬- ‫ﺤﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻀﺎر ع‬-‫ٮﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺻ)ڡﻪ أو اﺳﻢ أو )ﻃﺮف )ڡ&ٮﻜون زﻣﻦ اﻟ‬- ‫ﺣﺎء‬- ‫) ا)ڡﻌﺎل اﻟﻜ&ٮ)ٮﻮ)ٮﻪ ( اذا‬

- :‫ٮﺄﻣ@ٮﻠﻪ‬- ‫أوﺿﺤﻠﻜﻢ اﻛ@ٮﺮ‬

Ali is a student .
‫ اﺳﻢ‬student ‫ﻫ)ٮﺎ‬
She is a doctor.
‫ٮور أٮ &ﻀﺎ اﺳﻢ‬6‫ﻫ)ٮﺎ دﻛ‬
I'm ill.
‫ٮﻤﻌﲎ ﻣريﺾ‬- ‫ ﺻ)ڡﻪ‬ill ‫ﻫ)ٮﺎ‬

She is in the school

‫ )ﻃﺮف ﻣﲀن‬in the school ‫ﻫ)ٮﺎ‬

، ‫ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ‬- ‫ﺣﻤﻞ زﻣ)ٮﻬﺎ ﻣﻀﺎر ع‬- ‫ٮﺮ‬-‫ٮ‬6‫ﻌ‬6‫ﺤﻤﻞ ٮ‬-‫ٮ &ﻌﲏ ﻫﺎﻟ‬

- :‫ٮﻬﺎﻟﺸكﻞ‬- ‫ڡﺎﻋﺪة‬6‫ﻜون اﻟ‬6‫ى رح ٮ‬C‫ى ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟ)ٮ)ڡ‬C‫)ڡ‬

Subject +is, are, am + not + ‫ﺻ)ڡﻪ او اﺳﻢ او )ﻃﺮف‬

I'm not ill.

She's not in the school.

He is not a doctor.

- :‫ڡﺪٮ &ﻢ اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﲆ اﻟ)ڡﺎﻋﻞ‬66‫ٮﻢ ٮ‬6& ‫ى ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺴؤال ٮ‬C‫)ڡ‬

Is she in the school ..?
 ‫?‪Is he a doctor‬‬

‫ٮ &ﻌﲏ اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ ﺻﺎر اﻟﻪ دوريﻦ ﻛ)ڡﻌﻞ رﺋ&ٮﺲ وﻛ)ڡﻌﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻛﺪرت ا)ٮ)ڡ‪C‬ى او اﺳﺄل ﻣﻦ )ﺣﻼﻟﻪ‬

‫‪#The_present_continues‬‬

‫‪#‬زﻣﻦ_اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع_اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ ‪ ( present continuous‬ﻣﻦ اﻷزﻣ)ٮﺔ اﻷﻛ@ٮﺮ اﺳ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪاﻣﺎ )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻠ’ﻌﺔ اﻹ)ٮ‪-‬ﺤﻠ&ٮزيﺔ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﺬي )ٮﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪﻣﻪ ﻟﻠ‪6‬ٮﺤﺪث‬
‫ﻋﻦ )ڡﻌﻞ أو ﺣﺪث ﻣﻌ&ٮﻦ ٮ &ﺤﺪث اﻵن أي أ)ٮﻪ ٮ &ﺤﺪث )ڡ‪C‬ى و‪6‬ڡﺖ اﻟكﻼم ور‪-‬ٮﻤﺎ ٮ &)ٮ‪6‬ٮه‪C‬ى )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮ‪6‬ڡ‪-‬ٮﻞ اﻟ‪6‬ڡريﺐ‪) .‬ٮﺴ)ﺤﺪم زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ‬
‫‪ present continuous‬أٮ &ﻀﺎ )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻷﻣور اﻟﱵ ﺳﻮف )ٮ‪6‬ڡﻮم ‪-‬ٮﻬﺎ )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮ‪6‬ڡ‪-‬ٮﻞ إن ﰷن ﻣ)ﺤﻄﻂ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﺴ‪-‬ٮ‪6‬ڡﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪،‬‬ ‫ٮ‪6‬ﻮﺿيﺢ ﻣ)ڡﺼﻞ‬

‫– ٮ &ُﺴ‪6‬ٮﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻟﻠ‪6‬ٮﻌ‪-‬ٮ&ٮﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪث ٮ &ﺤﺼﻞ اﻻن وﻻ ٮ &زال ﻣﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤرا ً وﻟﻢ ٮ &)ٮ‪6‬ٮه‪C‬ى ‪-‬ٮﻌﺪ‪.‬‬

‫– اﺳ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪاﻣﺎت زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ٮ &ﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪم اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ ﻟﻠ‪6‬ٮﻌ‪-‬ٮ&ٮﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺆ‪6‬ڡ‪6‬ٮﺔ ﻣ@ٮﻞ ‪:‬‬

‫!‪Look! It’s snowing‬‬

‫‪The children are sleeping soundly now.‬‬

‫‪They are living in a rented house.‬‬

‫‪---------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ٮ &ﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪم اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ ﻟﻠ‪6‬ٮﺮﻛ&ٮﺰ ﻋﲆ ﻣﺎٮ &‪-‬ﺤري اﻻن ‪ ,‬ﻻﺣﻆ اﻟ)ڡرق ‪-‬ٮيﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪-‬ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ واﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ )ﺣﻼل اﻻﻣ@ٮﻠﺔ اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎﻟ&ٮﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪She’s living with her mother.‬‬

‫)‪(at the moment‬‬

‫)‪She lives with her mother. (permanently‬‬

‫‪-------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ٮ &ﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪم زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ ﻟﻠ‪6‬ٮﻌ‪-‬ٮ&ٮﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺆ‪6‬ڡ‪6‬ٮﺔ ﻣ@ٮﻞ ‪:‬‬

‫‪I’m playing golf regularly these days.‬‬

‫‪She’s not working at the moment.‬‬

 He’s walking to work while his car is being repaired.

---------------------------------------------------------
‫ى اﻻﻣ@ٮﻠﺔ‬C‫ ﻛﻤﺎ )ڡ‬, ‫ٮﻞ‬-‫ڡ‬6‫ٮ‬6‫ وﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ٮ &ﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻌﻪ )ﻃﺮف ٮ &ﺪل ﻋﲆ اﻟﻤﺴ‬, ‫ٮﻞ‬-‫ڡ‬6‫ٮ‬6‫ى اﻟﻤﺴ‬C‫ٮ&ٮﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪث ﺳ&ٮﺤﺼﻞ )ڡ‬-‫ٮﻌ‬6‫ٮﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻟﻠ‬6‫ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ٮ &ُﺴ‬.4
: ‫ٮﺎﻟ&ٮﺔ‬6‫اﻟ‬

What are you doing tomorrow evening?

We’re getting married next week.

She’s coming next Thursday.

I’m leaving tomorrow.

--------------------------------------------------------
: ‫ى ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻣ@ٮﻞ‬C‫ٮ‬6‫ﺄ‬6‫ٮﺪﻻل ﻋﲆ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟ)ﻄروف اﻟﱵ ٮ‬6‫– ٮ &ﻤﻜﻦ اﻻﺳ‬

[4:52 AM ‫ى‬C‫ )ڡ‬2024 ‫ ﻣﺎرس‬20] ,.

now :
‫اﻵن‬
today :
‫اﻟ&ٮﻮم‬
listen :
‫ٮﻤﻊ‬6‫اﺳ‬
look :
‫ا)ٮ)ﻄﺮ‬
at the moment :
‫ى ﻫﺬه اﻟﻠﺤ)ﻄﺔ‬C‫)ڡ‬

: ‫ٮﻌﺾ اﻷﻣ@ٮﻠﺔ‬-

I’m reading a book right now.

Ali is writing to his girlfriend now.

I am reading a story at the moment.

Fatma is taking a shower at the moment.

Look! The bus is coming.

 She is playing very well today.

Ahmed is laying the table.

Be quite! I’m trying to concentrate.

------------------------------------

- :‫ٮﻤﺮ‬6‫ڡﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟﻤﺴ‬6

Subject + is, are, am + [Link] +c .

She is reading a novel.

He is playing a football

They are camping at this place at the moment.

--------------------------------------------------------

- :‫ى‬C‫ى ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟ)ٮ)ڡ‬C‫)ڡ‬

Subject + is, are, am +not+ [Link] + c .

She is not reading ....

He is not playing ....

They are not camping ...

-------------------------------------------------

- :‫ى ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺴؤال‬C‫)ڡ‬

Is , Are, Am + subject + [Link] +c ?

Is she reading ...?

Is he playing ...?
 ‫?‪Are they camping ...‬‬

‫‪---------------------------------------------------------‬‬
‫‪Adverbs‬‬

‫اﻵن ‪now‬‬
‫اﻵن ‪right now‬‬
‫)ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻮ‪6‬ڡﺖ اﻟﺤﺎل‪C‬ى ‪at the present time‬‬
‫)ڡ‪C‬ى ﻫﺬه اﻟﻠﺤ)ﻄﺔ ‪) at this moment‬واﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ‪ listen‬و ‪(look‬‬
‫وﻣﻊ اﻟ‪6‬ٮﻌ‪-‬ﺤﺐ ‪oh ! Ah‬‬

‫اﻷ)ڡﻌﺎل اﻟﱵ ﻻ ٮ‪6‬ﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪم )ڡـ َ̤‪ ʊ‬اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ أي ﻼ ٮ &ﻤﻜﻦ اﺿﺎ)ڡﺔ ‪ ing‬ﻟﻬﺎ )ڡـ‪6‬ٮﺄ‪6‬ٮ‪C‬ى ‪-‬ٮﺼ&ٮ’ﻌﺔ ﻣﻀﺎر ع ‪-‬ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ‬

‫‪#The_present_perfect‬‬

‫‪#‬اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع_اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم‬
‫ٮ‪6‬ﻌريﻒ اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم‬
‫ﺣَﺪث َو ‪َ 6‬ڡﻊ ‪6‬ڡ‪-‬ٮﻞ اﻟﻮ‪6‬ڡﺖ اﻟﺤﺎل‪C‬ى وﻟﻜ)ٮﻪ )ﻋ&ٮﺮ‬‫ﺤَﺪم اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﲆ و‪-‬ﺣﻮد را‪-‬ٮﻂ ‪-‬ٮيﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع واﻟﻤﺎﴈ‪ .‬ٮ &ﺸ&ٮﺮ اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم إﻟﻰ َ‬ ‫ﺴ‪6‬ٮَ ) ْ‬‫ٮ &ُ ْ‬
‫ﺤﺪث ﻣﻬ‪6‬ٮﻢ ‪-‬ٮﺎﻟ‪6‬ٮﺮﻛ&ٮﺰ ﻋﲆ )ٮ‪6‬ٮ&ٮ‪-‬ﺤﺔ اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ أﻛ@ٮﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟ ) ِڡْﻌﻞ ذاٮ‪6‬ﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪6‬ٮَ ) ْ‬
‫ﺤَﺪم اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم ﻋ)ٮﺪﻣﺎ ٮ &ﻜون اﻟُﻤ‪6‬ٮَ َ‬ ‫ﺤَﺪد‪) ،‬ﻋﺎﻟ‪-‬ٮًﺎ ﻣﺎ ٮ &ُ ْ‬ ‫ُﻣ َ‬

‫ﺴ‪6‬ٮَ ) ْ‬
‫ﺤَﺪم اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم ﻟﻮﺻﻒ ‪-:‬‬ ‫ٮ &ُ ْ‬

‫)ڡِْﻌﻞ أو ﻣﻮ‪6‬ڡﻒ ‪-‬ٮﺪأ )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻤﺎﴈ وﻣﺎ زال ﻣﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤًرا )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻮ‪6‬ڡﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪I have lived in Bristol since 1984‬‬

‫)= وﻣﺎ زﻟﺖ أﻋ&ٮﺶ ﻫ)ٮﺎك‪(.‬‬

‫)ڡِْﻌﻞ ٮ‪6‬ﻢ إ)ٮ‪-‬ﺤﺎزه أٮ@)ٮﺎء )ڡ‪6‬ٮﺮة زﻣ)ٮ&ٮﺔ ﻟﻢ ٮ‪)6‬ٮ‪6‬ٮﻪ ‪-‬ٮﻌﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪She has been to the cinema twice this week‬‬

‫)= واﻷﺳ‪-‬ٮوع ﻟﻢ ٮ &)ٮ‪6‬ٮﻪ ‪-‬ٮﻌﺪ(‬

‫)ڡِْﻌﻞ ُﻣ‪6‬ٮَﻜَر ِر )ﺣﻼل )ڡ‪6‬ٮﺮة زﻣ)ٮ&ٮﺔ )ﻋ&ٮﺮ ُﻣ َ‬

‫ﺤَﺪدة ﻣﺎ ‪-‬ٮيﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ واﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪We have visited Portugal several times.‬‬

‫ﺴ‪6‬ٮَ ) ْ‬
‫ﺤَﺪم '‪ 'just‬ﻟﻠ‪6‬ٮﻌ‪-‬ٮ&ٮﺮ ﻋﻦ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫)ڡِْﻌﻞ ﻣﻜ‪6‬ٮِﻤﻞ )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪6‬ڡريﺐ‪ ،‬ٮ‪ْ ُ 6‬‬
 ‫‪I have just finished my work.‬‬

‫)ڡِْﻌﻞ ﻟ&ٮﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻀروري اﻹﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ و‪6‬ڡﺖ ﺣﺪوٮ@ﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪He has read 'War and Peace'.‬‬

‫)= اﻟﻤﻬﻢ ﻫ)ٮﺎ ﻫﻮ )ٮ‪6‬ٮ&ٮ‪-‬ﺤﺔ اﻟ‪6‬ڡراءة(‬

‫‪---------------------------------------------‬‬
‫ﺤَﺪث‪) ،‬ڡﺈ)ٮ)ٮﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣ)ﻄﺔ‪ :‬ﻋ)ٮﺪﻣﺎ )ٮريﺪ إﻋﻄﺎء ٮ‪)6‬ڡﺎﺻ&ٮﻞ أو اﻻﺳ‪6‬ٮ)ڡﺴﺎر ﻋﻦ ٮ‪)6‬ڡﺎﺻ&ٮﻞ ٮ‪6‬تﻌﻠﻖ ‪-‬ٮﺰﻣﺎن اﻟﺤﺪث أو ﻣﲀ)ٮﻪ أو اﻷﺷ)ﺤﺎص اﻟﺬٮ &ﻦ ﻟﻬﻢ ﻋﻼ‪6‬ڡﺔ ‪-‬ٮﺎﻟ َ‬
‫)ٮﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪم اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪-‬ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ‪.‬‬

‫‪،‬‬ ‫ﻫــﺴﻪ )ٮﺸﻮف ﺷﻠون‬

‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم ُﻣ ‪َ 6‬ڡﺎ‪-‬ٮ ِﻞ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪-‬ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ‬

‫ﺤَﺪد أو ﻟ&ٮﺲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﺎم ِذﻛْﺮه‪.‬‬
‫ﺤَﺪث )ﻋ&ٮﺮ ُﻣ َ‬
‫ﺪم اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم داﺋًﻤﺎ ﻋ)ٮﺪﻣﺎ ٮ &ﻜون و‪6‬ڡﺖ اﻟ َ‬ ‫ﺤ ِ‬‫اْﺳ‪6‬ٮَ ) ْ‬
‫ﺪم اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪-‬ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ داﺋًﻤﺎ ﻋ)ٮﺪﻣﺎ ٮ &‪6‬ٮﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﻤﻮ‪6‬ڡﻒ ِذﻛْﺮ ٮ‪)6‬ڡﺎﺻ&ٮﻞ ٮ‪6‬تﻌﻠﻖ ‪-‬ٮﺰﻣﺎن أو ﻣﲀن اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺤ ِ‬‫اْﺳ‪6‬ٮَ ) ْ‬
‫‪6‬ڡﺎرن ‪-:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم ‪ vs‬اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪-‬ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ‬

‫‪1-I have lived in Lyon.‬‬

‫زﻣﻦ اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻀﺎر؏ ٮ‪6‬ﺎم‬
‫‪I lived in Lyon in 1989.‬‬
‫اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﺔ اﻻوﻟﻰ زﻣﻦ ﻣﺎض ‪-‬ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ‬
‫‪،‬‬

‫‪2-They have eaten Thai food.‬‬

‫زﻣﻦ اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻀﺎر ع ٮ‪6‬ﺎم‬
‫‪They ate Thai food last night.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﴈ ‪-‬ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ‬

‫'‪3-Have you seen 'Othello‬‬

‫ﻣﻀﺎر ع ٮ‪6‬ﺎم‬
‫?'‪? Where did you see 'Othello‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﴈ ‪-‬ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ‬
‫‪4-We have been to Ireland.‬‬
‫ﻣﻀﺎر ع ٮ‪6‬ﺎم‬
‫?‪When did you go to Ireland‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﴈ ‪-‬ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ‬

‫ﺪث ﻟﻠﻤﻮ‪6‬ڡﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻀﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺎم ٮ &ﺆٮ@ﺮ ﻋﲆ ا)ﺣ‪6‬ٮ&ٮﺎر اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم أو اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪-‬ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ٮ &‪6‬ٮﻌﻠﻖ ‪-‬ٮ)ٮ)ﻄﺮة اﻟُﻤ‪6‬ٮَ َ‬
‫ﺤ ِ‬ ‫ٮ &ﻮ‪-‬ﺣﺪ أٮ & ً‬
 ‫ﺪث ﻟﻠﻤﻮ‪6‬ڡﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻀﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺎم ٮ &ﺆٮ@ﺮ ﻋﲆ ا)ﺣ‪6‬ٮ&ٮﺎر اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم أو اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪-‬ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﺬا اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ٮ &‪6‬ٮﻌﻠﻖ ‪-‬ٮ)ٮ)ﻄﺮة اﻟُﻤ‪6‬ٮَ َ‬
‫ﺤ ِ‬ ‫ٮ &ﻮ‪-‬ﺣﺪ أٮ & ً‬

‫"?‪"What did you do at school today‬‬

‫ﻋ)ٮﺪﻣﺎ )ٮﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪم اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪-‬ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ )ڡﺈ)ٮ)ٮﺎ )ٮﺴﺄل ﻋﻦ اﻷ)ٮﺸﻄﺔ اﻟﱵ ‪6‬ڡﺎم ‪-‬ٮﻬﺎ اﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ أٮ@)ٮﺎء اﻟ&ٮﻮم اﻟﺪراﳼ ‪-‬ٮﺎﻋ‪6‬ٮ‪-‬ٮﺎر اﻟ&ٮﻮم اﻟﺪراﳼ ‪6‬ڡﺪ ا)ٮ‪6‬ٮﻬﻰ‪.‬‬

‫"?‪"What have you done at school today‬‬

‫ﻋ)ٮﺪﻣﺎ )ٮﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪم اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم ٮ &َﻜُون اﻟ’ﻌﺮض ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴؤال ﻫﻮ اﻻﺳ‪6‬ٮ)ڡﺴﺎر ﻋﻦ اﻟ)ٮ‪6‬ٮﺎﺋﺞ‪» .‬أر)ٮ‪C‬ى ﻣﺎ )ڡﻌﻠﺖ«‪) .‬ڡ‪C‬ى ِﻣ@ٮِﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻻت ٮ &‪6‬ٮﻢ اﻟ)ٮ)ﻄﺮ‬
‫إﻟﻰ اﻟﻮ‪6‬ڡﺖ اﻟﺬي ُﻃر ِح )ڡ&ٮﻪ اﻟﺴؤال ﻋﲆ أ)ٮﻪ ُﻣﻜَِﻤﻞ ﻟﻠ&ٮﻮم اﻟﺪراﳼ‪.‬‬

‫‪-------------------------------------------‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم ٮ &ﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪم اٮ &ﻀﺎ )ڡـ َ ​‬
‫‪-:ʊ‬‬

‫أ)ڡﻌﺎل ‪-‬ٮﺪأت )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻤﺎﴈ وﻣﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮة )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻮ‪6‬ڡﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‬

‫‪They haven't lived here for years.‬‬

‫‪She has worked in the bank for five years.‬‬

‫‪We have had the same car for ten years.‬‬

‫?‪Have you played the piano since you were a child‬‬

‫ﻋ)ٮﺪﻣﺎ )ٮﺸ&ٮﺮ إﻟﻰ )ڡ‪6‬ٮﺮة زﻣ)ٮ&ٮﺔ ﻟﻢ ٮ‪)6‬ٮ‪6‬ٮِﻪ ‪-‬ٮﻌﺪ‬
‫‪I have worked hard this week.‬‬

‫‪It has rained a lot this year.‬‬

‫‪We haven't seen her today.‬‬

‫أ)ڡﻌﺎل ُﻣ‪6‬ٮَﻜَر ِر )ﺣﻼل )ڡ‪6‬ٮﺮة زﻣ)ٮ&ٮﺔ )ﻋ&ٮﺮ ُﻣ َ‬

‫ﺤَﺪدة ﻣﺎ ‪-‬ٮيﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ واﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫‪They have seen that film six times‬‬

‫‪It has happened several times already.‬‬

‫‪She has visited them frequently.‬‬

‫‪We have eaten at that restaurant many times.‬‬

‫)ڡﻌﻞ ﻣﻜ‪6‬ٮﻤﻞ ﻟ‪6‬ٮﻮه )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪6‬ڡريﺐ )‪(JUST+‬‬

 (JUST+) ‫ڡريﺐ‬6‫ى اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‬C‫ٮﻮه )ڡ‬6‫ٮﻤﻞ ﻟ‬6‫)ڡﻌﻞ ﻣﻜ‬

Have you just finished work?

I have just eaten.

We have just seen her.

Has he just left?

‫ﺤَﺪث )ﻋ&ٮﺮ ﻣﻌروف أو ﻟ&ٮﺲ ِﻣﻦ اﻟﻬﺎم ِذﻛْﺮه‬

َ ‫ڡوع اﻟ‬6‫ڡﺖ و‬6‫ﻋ)ٮﺪﻣﺎ ٮ &ﻜون و‬

Someone has eaten my soup!

Have you seen 'Gone with the Wind'?

She's studied Japanese, Russian, and English

- :‫ٮﺎم‬6‫ڡﺎﻋﺪة اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‬6

Subject + has / have + p.p

( played, walked )‫ ﻟﻪ ﻣ@ٮﻞ‬ed ‫ٮﻢ اﺿﺎ)ڡﻪ‬6& ‫ٮ)ﻄﻢ و ٮ‬6‫ٮﺼريﻒ اﻟ@ٮﺎﻟﺚ ﻟﻠ)ڡﻌﻞ )اﻣﺎ ٮ &ﻜون )ڡﻌﻞ ﻣ)ٮ‬6‫ اﻟ‬+ has/have ‫ اﻻ)ڡﻌﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪه‬+ ‫اﻟ)ڡﺎﻋﻞ‬
( taught, bought) ‫ﺼريﻒ ٮ@ﺎﻟﺚ ﻣ@ٮﻞ‬6‫ ﻟﻬﺎ و ا)ٮﻤﺎ ٮ &ﻜون ﻟﻬﺎ ٮ‬ed ‫ٮﻢ اﺿﺎ)ڡﻪ‬6& ‫​ اﻻ)ڡﻌﺎل اﻟﱵ ﻼ ٮ‬ʊَ ‫ٮ)ﻄﻢ و ۿـ‬6‫أو ٮ &ﻜون )ﻋ&ٮﺮ ﻣ)ٮ‬

I have visited Baghdad.

She has walked ..

---------------------------------------------

- :‫ى‬C‫ى ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟ)ٮ)ڡ‬C‫)ڡ‬

Subject + haven't / hasn't + p.p

I haven't visited..
 ‫‪She hasn't walked ..‬‬

‫‪-----------------------------------------------------‬‬

‫)ڡ‪C‬ى ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺴؤال‪- :‬‬

‫?‪Has / Have + subject + p.p ...‬‬

‫?‪Have you visited ..‬‬

‫?‪Has she walked ..‬‬

‫‪-------------------------------------‬‬

‫ﺷرح ‪6‬ڡﺎﻋﺪه‬
‫‪ has/ have been‬و ‪has / have gone‬‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫)ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم اﻟ‪-‬ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ‬

‫‪have/has gone, have/has been‬‬

‫‪• have/has gone means that someone has gone somewhere and is still there.‬‬
‫اﺳ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪام ‪ has‬أو ‪have‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫كﻠﻤﺔ ‪ gone‬واﻟﱵ ه‪C‬ى اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺼريﻒ اﻟ@ٮﺎﻟﺚ وٮ‪6‬ﻌﲏ َذ َ‬
‫ﻫـﺐ‪.‬‬
‫اﺳ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪام ﻫﺬا اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺮﻛ&ٮﺐ ٮ &ﻌﲏ أﺣﺪﻫﻢ ‪6‬ڡﺪ ذﻫﺐ إﻟﻰ ﻣﲀن ﻣﺎ و ) ﻻزال ﻫ)ٮﺎك(‪-‬ٮﻤﻌﲎ ذﻫﺐ و ﻟﻢ ٮ &ﻌﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣ@ٮﺎل‬
‫‪The Greens have gone to Rome.‬‬

‫)‪(= They are still in Rome.‬‬

‫‪6‬ڡﺪ ٮ &ﻜون ﻣﻌﲎ ‪- Greens‬ﺣﻤﺎﻋﺔ اﺳﻤﻬﻢ اﻟ)ﺤﻀﺮ‪ ..‬اﻟﻤﻬﻢ‪..‬‬

‫‪6‬ڡﺪ ذﻫﺐ اﻟ)ﺤﻀﺮ إﻟﻰ روﻣﺎ‪ ) .‬ﻫؤﻻء ﻻزاﻟوا )ڡ‪C‬ى روﻣﺎ(‪.‬‬

‫‪---------------------------------------------------------‬‬

‫‪• have/has been means that someone has visited a place, but has come back.‬‬
‫اﺳ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪام ‪ has‬أو ‪have‬‬
‫‪+‬‬
‫‪ be‬وه‪C‬ى اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺼريﻒ اﻟ@ٮﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﻦ )ڡﻌﻞ اﻟﻜ&ٮ)ٮﻮ)ٮﺔ ‪been‬‬

‫اﺳ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪام ﻫﺬا اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺮﻛ&ٮﺐ ٮ &ﻌﲏ أن أﺣﺪﻫﻢ ‪6‬ڡﺪ زار ﻣﲀن ﻣﺎ‪ ,‬وﻟﻜ)ٮﻪ ‪6‬ڡﺪ ﻋﺎد ﻣ)ٮﻪ‪.‬‬
 ‫اﺳ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪام ﻫﺬا اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺮﻛ&ٮﺐ ٮ &ﻌﲏ أن أﺣﺪﻫﻢ ‪6‬ڡﺪ زار ﻣﲀن ﻣﺎ‪ ,‬وﻟﻜ)ٮﻪ ‪6‬ڡﺪ ﻋﺎد ﻣ)ٮﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣ@ٮﺎل‪:‬‬

‫‪Ian has been to the new shopping centre.‬‬

‫)‪(He visited the new shopping centre at some point in the past, but he’s not there any more.‬‬
‫‪6‬ڡﺪ ذﻫﺐ إٮ &ﺎن إﻟﻰ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺴوق اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﺪٮ &ﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻﺣﻆ أن كﻠﻤﺔ ‪ been‬ﻣﻌ)ٮﺎﻫﺎ ﰷن ‪ ,,‬واﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻌ)ٮﺎﻫﺎ ﻋﲆ ‪-‬ٮﻌﻀﺎﻫﺎ ان )ڡﻼن اﻟﺬي اﺳﻤﻪ )إٮ &ﺎن( ‪6‬ڡﺪ راح ‪ ,‬أو ﰷن ﻣﻮ‪-‬ﺣﻮد‪...‬‬

‫أي ) إ)ٮﻪ ‪6‬ڡﺪ زار ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺴوق اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﺪٮ &ﺪ )ڡ‪C‬ى و‪6‬ڡﺖ ﻣﺎ )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻤﺎﴈ‪ ,‬ﻟﻜ)ٮﻪ ﻟﻢ ٮ &ﻌﺪ )ڡ‪C‬ى ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻤﲀن ‪-‬ٮﻌﺪ اﻵن (‬

‫اﻟ)ﻄﺮف ‪- never‬ٮﻤﻌﲎ ا‪-‬ٮﺪا ً ٮ &ﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪم )ڡ‪C‬ى ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟ)ٮ)ڡ‪C‬ى‬

‫‪I have never visited‬‬

‫اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﻪ ﻣ)ٮ)ڡ&ٮﻪ‬

‫ٮ &ﻌﲏ ﻛﺴؤال ٮ &‪-‬ح‪C‬ى ‪-‬ٮﺎﻻﻣ‪6‬ٮﺤﺎن ٮ &ﻜول ا)ٮ)ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﻪ ‪-‬ٮــ )ﻃﺮف‬

‫ﻫ)ٮﺎ اﺣ)ٮﻪ )ٮﻌﺮف ﺷـ)ٮﻮ ﺿﻤ&ٮﺮ اﻟ)ٮ)ڡ‪C‬ى )ٮﮕﺪر )ٮﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪم ‪ yet‬ﻷن ٮ‪-6‬ح‪C‬ى ‪-‬ٮﺎﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤ)ٮ)ڡ&ٮﻪ و اٮ &ﻀﺎ )ٮﻜﺪر )ٮﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪم ‪never‬‬
‫‪-‬ٮـﺴﮧ ﺷـ)ٮﻮ اﻟ)ڡرق ‪-‬ٮيﻦ ‪ yet‬و ‪ never‬؟‬

‫ڪﻮ داع‪C‬ى )ٮﻀ&ٮﻒ ‪ not‬ﻟﻠ)ڡﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ ‪ have /has‬و ا)ٮﻤﺎ ه‪C‬ى ‪ never‬ٮ‪6‬ﻜ)ڡ‪C‬ى وﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﻟﻠ)ٮ)ڡ‪C‬ى‬ ‫ﻣﻦ رح )ٮ)ٮ)ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﻪ ‪-‬ٮــ ‪ never‬ﻣﺎ ُ‬
‫‪-‬ٮي)ٮﻤﺎ ﻋ)ٮﺪ وﺿﻊ ‪) yet‬ڡ‪C‬ى )ٮﻬﺎٮ &ﻪ اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﻪ رح ٮ &‪6‬ٮﻢ )ٮ)ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻜﻦ ٮ &‪-‬ﺤﺐ ان ٮ &‪6‬ٮﻢ وﺿﻊ ‪- not‬ٮـﻌـﺪ اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ ‪has/have‬‬

‫‪،‬‬ ‫ٮ‪6‬ﻮﺿيﺢ‬

‫‪I haven't arrived yet.‬‬

‫‪ ،‬أﺿ)ڡ)ٮﺎ ‪ not‬ﻟﻠ)ڡﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ و ا‪-‬ﺣﻪ اﻟ)ﻄﺮف ‪) yet‬ڡ‪C‬ى )ٮﻬﺎٮ &ﻪ اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﺣ)ﻄوا اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﻪ‬

‫‪I have never drunk.‬‬

‫ﻻﺣ)ﻄوا اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺎ)ٮ)ڡ&ٮ)ٮﺎ اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ و ا)ٮﻤﺎ اﻛ‪6‬ٮ)ڡ&ٮ)ٮﺎ ‪-‬ٮ)ٮ)ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟ)ﻄﺮف ﻟﻠ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﺔ ‪ ،‬و ﻣﻮ‪6‬ڡﻊ اﻟ)ﻄﺮف ‪ never‬ٮ &ﻜون ‪-‬ٮـﻌـﺪ اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ و ‪6‬ڡ‪-‬ٮﻞ‬
‫اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ اﻟﺮﺋ&ٮﴘ‬

‫‪#The_present_perfect_continues‬‬

‫‪#‬اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع_اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم_اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺪم اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ‪) ،‬ڡﺈن‬ ‫ﺴ‪6‬ٮَ ) ْ‬
‫ﺤ ِ‬ ‫ﺤَﺪم اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ ﻟﻺﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ و‪6‬ڡﺖ )ﻋ&ٮﺮ ُﻣ َ‬
‫ﺤَﺪد ٮ &‪6‬ڡﻊ ‪-‬ٮيﻦ 'اﻵن' وﻣﺎ '‪6‬ڡ‪-‬ٮﻞ اﻵن'‪ .‬ﻋ)ٮﺪﻣﺎ )ٮ ْ‬ ‫ﺴ‪6‬ٮَ ) ْ‬
‫ٮ &ُ ْ‬
‫ﻞ ‪-‬ٮﺪأ ﻟﻜ)ٮﻪ ﻟﻢ ٮ &)ٮ‪6‬ٮه‪C‬ى ‪-‬ٮ َْﻌﺪ )ﺣﻼل اﻟﻤﺪة اﻟُﻤﺸﺎر إﻟ&ٮهﺎ‪ ،‬ويﻜون اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺮﻛ&ٮﺰ )ڡ‪C‬ى ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﲆ كﻞ ﻣﻦ اﺳ‪6‬ٮﻤراريﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤ‪6‬ٮﺤﺪث )ﻋﺎﻟ‪-‬ٮًﺎ ﻣﺎ ٮ &ﺸ&ٮﺮ إﻟﻰ )ڡِْﻌ ْ‬
‫اﻟ)ٮﺸﺎط و)ٮ‪6‬ٮ&ٮ‪-‬ﺤ‪6‬ٮﻪ ﻋﲆ ﺣﺪ ﺳواء‪6 .‬ڡﺪ ٮ &َﻜُون اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ أو اﻟ)ٮﺸﺎط ﻣﺎ زال ﻣﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤًرا و ‪6‬ڡﺪ ٮ &ﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮ‪6‬ڡ‪-‬ٮﻞ أو ا)ٮ‪6‬ٮﻬﻰ ﻟﻠ‪6‬ٮﻮ‪.‬‬
 ‫اﻟ)ٮﺸﺎط و)ٮ‪6‬ٮ&ٮ‪-‬ﺤ‪6‬ٮﻪ ﻋﲆ ﺣﺪ ﺳواء‪6 .‬ڡﺪ ٮ &َﻜُون اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ أو اﻟ)ٮﺸﺎط ﻣﺎ زال ﻣﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤًرا و ‪6‬ڡﺪ ٮ &ﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮ‪6‬ڡ‪-‬ٮﻞ أو ا)ٮ‪6‬ٮﻬﻰ ﻟﻠ‪6‬ٮﻮ‪.‬‬

‫ٮ &ﻤﻜﻦ اﺳ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪام ﻫﺬا اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻣﻊ ﻋ‪-‬ٮﺎرة زﻣ)ٮ&ٮﺔ أو ‪-‬ٮﺪو)ٮﻬﺎ ﻣ@ٮﻞ‪:‬‬

‫‪He has been mending the car.‬‬

‫‪He has been mending the car for some time now.‬‬

‫ﻻﺣﻆ اﻟ)ڡرق ‪-‬ٮيﻦ اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠ‪6‬ٮ&ٮﻦ‪:‬‬

‫‪I have been studying.‬‬

‫‪I have studied‬‬

‫)ڡﺎﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ )زﻣﻦ ﻣﻀﺎر ع ٮ‪6‬ﺎم ﻣﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤر ( ٮ‪6‬ﻌﲏ ‪-‬ٮﺄن اﻟﺤﺪث ﻻزال ﻣﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤرا ً أﻣﺎ اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﺔ اﻟ@ٮﺎ)ٮ&ٮﺔ )ﻣﻀﺎر ع ‪-‬ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ( )ڡ‪6‬ٮﻌﲏ ‪-‬ٮﺄن اﻟﺤﺪث ‪6‬ڡﺪ ا)ٮ‪6‬ٮﻬﻰ‬
‫وذﻟﻚ ﻻﺳ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪام اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم ‪-‬ٮﺪون ﻋ‪-‬ٮﺎرة زﻣ)ٮ&ٮﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪-------------------------------------------------------‬‬

‫ﻻ ٮ &ﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪم ﻫﺬا اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻋ)ٮﺪ ذﻛﺮ ﻋﺪد ﻣرات ﺣﺪوث اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ أو ﻋﺪد اﻷﺷ&ٮﺎء اﻟﱵ ٮ‪6‬ﺤﺪث و)ٮﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪم )ڡ‪C‬ى ﻫﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم‬
‫ﻣ@ٮﻞ‪:‬‬

‫‪He has rung me up five times today.‬‬

‫‪He has written three letters since lunch time.‬‬

‫‪ 20] ,.‬ﻣﺎرس ‪) 2024‬ڡ‪C‬ى ‪[4:52 AM‬‬

‫ﻻﺣﻆ أ)ٮ)ٮﺎ اﺳ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪﻣ)ٮﺎ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم ‪-‬ٮﺴ‪-‬ٮﺐ و‪-‬ﺣﻮد كﻠﻤﺎت )‪ (five times, three letters‬وﻟﻢ )ٮﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪم زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪-------------------------------------------------------‬‬

‫أ)ڡﻌﺎل ‪-‬ٮﺪأت )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻤﺎﴈ وﻣﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮة ﺣﱴ اﻟﻮ‪6‬ڡﺖ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‬

‫‪She has been waiting for you all day‬‬

‫)= وﻣﺎ زاﻟﺖ ٮ‪)6‬ٮ‪6‬ٮ)ﻄﺮ ﺣﱴ اﻵن(‪.‬‬

‫‪I've been working on this report since eight o'clock this morning‬‬
‫)= وﻟﻢ أ ُ)ٮ ِْﻬﻪ ‪-‬ٮ َْﻌﺪ(‪.‬‬

‫‪They have been travelling since last October‬‬

‫)= وﻟﻢ ٮ &ﻌﻮدوا إﻟﻰ اﻟﻮﻃﻦ ‪-‬ٮ َْﻌﺪ(‪.‬‬
 -------------------------------------------------------

‫ﺤﻬﺎ‬-‫ٮﺎﺋ‬6‫ٮﺮﻛ&ٮﺰ ﻋﲆ )ٮ‬6‫ٮﻮﻫﺎ وﻟﻜ)ٮ)ٮﺎ )ٮريﺪ اﻟ‬6‫ٮﻬﺖ ﻟ‬6‫أ)ڡﻌﺎل ا)ٮ‬

She has been cooking since last night

.(‫ٮﺪو ﺷﻬ&ٮًﺎ‬-& ‫ َڡَﺪم ﻋﲆ اﻟﻤﺎﺋﺪة ٮ‬6 ‫)= واﻟﻄﻌﺎم اﻟُﻤ‬

It's been raining

.(‫ٮَﻠَﻠﺔ‬-‫زال ُﻣ‬6‫)= واﻟﺸوار ع ﻻ ٮ‬

Someone's been eating my chips

.(‫ﺣﻮد‬-‫)= )ڡ)ٮﺼ)ڡﻪ ﻟَْﻢ ٮ &َُﻌﺪ ﻣﻮ‬

:‫ٮﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻣ@ٮﻞ‬- ‫ى‬C‫ٮه‬6‫)ٮ‬6‫ٮ)ﺤﺪاﻣﻪ ﻣﻊ اﻷ)ڡﻌﺎل اﻟﱵ ﻻ ٮ‬6‫ﻛﻤﺎ ٮ &ﺸيﻊ اﺳ‬

Expect, hope, learn, lie, live, rain, sleep, sit, snow, stand, stay, study, teach, wait, want, work, rest…
--------------------------------------------------------
- :‫ٮﻤﺮ‬6‫ٮﺎم اﻟﻤﺴ‬6‫ڡﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‬6

Subject + has / have + been + [Link]

I have been living.

Tina has been raining.

---------------------------------------------------

- :‫ى‬C‫ڡﺎﻋﺪة اﻟ)ٮ)ڡ‬6
Subject + has / have + not + been + [Link]

I haven't been running...

Ali hasn't been living...

--------------------------------------------------------
-: ‫ٮ)ڡﻬﺎم‬6‫ڡﺎﻋﺪة اﻻﺳ‬6

Has /Have + subject + been +[Link]

Have you been running ..?

 Has Noor been living ...?

‫ٮﻤﺮ‬6‫ٮﺎم اﻟﻤﺴ‬6‫اﻟكﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ ؏ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع أو اﻟ)ﻄروف اﻟ‬

since ‫ﻣ)ٮﺬ‬
for ‫ﻟﻤﺪة‬
all day ‫ﻃوال اﻟ&ٮﻮم‬
all night ‫ﻃوال اﻟﻠ&ٮﻞ‬
all week ‫ٮوع‬-‫ﻃوال اﻷﺳ‬
lately ‫ﻣﺆ)ﺣرا‬
recently ‫ﻣﺆ)ﺣرا‬
still ‫ﻣﺎ ٮ &زال‬
Always
only
never
just
how long,
yet
already
all the morning
so far
up to now
ever
this term
this week
this month
this season
this year
this century…

-He has been working in the same store for ten years.

(‫ڡﺖ ﺣﺪوث اﻟكﻼم‬6‫ ﺳ)ٮوات وﻣﺎزال ٮ &ﻌﻤﻞ )ڡ&ٮﻪ ﺣﱵ و‬10 ‫ﺤﺮ ﻣ)ٮﺬ‬-‫ٮ‬6‫ى اﻟﻤ‬C‫ ﺳ)ٮوات)ﻫﻮ ٮ &ﻌﻤﻞ )ڡ‬10 ‫ﺤﺮ ﻣ)ٮﺬ‬-‫ٮ‬6‫ى )ٮ)ڡﺲ اﻟﻤ‬C‫إ)ٮﻪ ٮ &ﻌﻤﻞ )ڡ‬

-He has been sleeping since he arrived.

(‫ڡﺖ ﺣﺪوث اﻟكﻼم‬6‫ٮﻤﺮ ﺣﱵ و‬6‫إ)ٮﻪ )ٮﺎﺋﻢ ﻣ)ٮﺬ أن وﺻﻞ)اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ اﺳ‬

Sarah has not been improving her English.

‫ﺤﻠ&ٮزيﺔ‬-‫ٮﻬﺎ اﻹ)ٮ‬6‫تﺤﺴﻦ ﻟ’ﻌ‬6‫ﺳﺎرة ﻟﻢ ٮ‬

I have been watching too many movies recently.

‫ڡﺪ ﻛ)ٮﺖ أﺷﺎﻫﺪ اﻟﻌﺪٮ &ﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷ)ڡﻼم ﻣﺆ)ﺣًرا‬6‫ﻟ‬

 ‫ﻟ‪6‬ڡﺪ ﻛ)ٮﺖ أﺷﺎﻫﺪ اﻟﻌﺪٮ &ﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻷ)ڡﻼم ﻣﺆ)ﺣًرا‬

‫?‪Has she been studying lately‬‬

‫ﻫﻞ ﰷ)ٮﺖ ٮ‪6‬ﺪرس )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻵو)ٮﺔ اﻷ)ﺣ&ٮﺮة؟‬

‫‪Recently, I have been feeling really tired.‬‬

‫)ڡ‪C‬ى اﻵو)ٮﺔ اﻷ)ﺣ&ٮﺮة ‪ ،‬ﻟ‪6‬ڡﺪ ﻛ)ٮﺖ أﺷﻌﺮ ‪-‬ٮﺎﻟ‪6‬ٮﻌﺐ ﺣ‪6‬ڡﺎ‬

‫‪Sarah has been feeling a little frustrated lately.‬‬

‫ﻟ‪6‬ڡﺪ ﰷ)ٮﺖ ﺳﺎرة ٮ‪6‬ﺸﻌﺮ ‪-‬ٮﺎﻹﺣ‪-‬ٮﺎط ‪6‬ڡﻠ&ٮﻼ ً )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻵو)ٮﺔ اﻷ)ﺣ&ٮﺮة‬

‫?‪What have they been eating‬‬

‫ﻣﺎذا ﰷ)ٮوا ٮ &ﺄكﻠون؟‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣ)ﻄﻪ او ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﺿﺎ)ڡ&ٮﻪ‪- :‬‬

‫ﺳؤال ﻣﺎ اﻟ)ڡرق ‪-‬ٮيﻦ ﻫﺬا زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ و زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ؟‬

‫زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع ٮ‪6‬ﺎم اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ ٮ &ﺸ&ٮﺮ إﻟﻰ اﺳ‪6‬ٮﻤراريﺔ اﻟﺤﺪث ﺣﱴ اﻵن وﻻ ٮ &‪6‬ٮﻄرق أ‪-‬ٮًﺪا إﻟﻰ اﻟﻮ‪6‬ڡﺖ اﻟﺬي ‪-‬ٮﺪأ )ڡ&ٮﻪ اﻟﺤﺪث‪- ,‬ٮﻤﻌﲎ آ)ﺣﺮ ﻫ)ٮﺎ ٮ &هﻤ)ٮﺎ‬
‫أن اﻟﺤﺪث ﻣﺎ زال ﻣﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤًرا ﺣﱴ اﻵن‬

‫‪My mom has been shopping in the mall since three hours.‬‬

‫ﻣ@ٮﺎل‪ :‬ﻋﲆ )ٮ)ڡﺲ اﻟﻤ@ٮﺎل اﻟﺴﺎ‪-‬ٮﻖ‪ ,‬أم‪C‬ى اﻵن )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻤول ﻟﻠ‪6‬ٮﺴوق‪ ..‬ﻻﺣﻆ ﻫ)ٮﺎ ﻛ&ٮﻒ ﰷن اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺮﻛ&ٮﺰ ﻋﲆ أن أم‪C‬ى ٮ‪6‬تﺴوق ﺣﱴ اﻻن‪- ,‬ٮ’ﻌﺾ اﻟ)ٮ)ﻄﺮ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻣﱴ ‪-‬ٮﺪأت اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺴوق‬

‫‪My mom is shopping now in the Mall.‬‬

‫اﻟ)ڡرق ‪-‬ٮيﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم واﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ‬

‫)ٮ‪6‬ڡﻮم ‪-‬ٮﺎﺳ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪام زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ ﻣﻦ أ‪-‬ﺣﻞ اﻟ‪6‬ٮكﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪث ‪-‬ٮﺪأ )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻤﺎﴈ وﻣﺎزال ﻣﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤرا )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‪.‬‬

‫أﻣﺎ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم )ڡ&ٮﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪم ﻣﻦ أ‪-‬ﺣﻞ اﻟ‪6‬ٮكﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪث ‪-‬ٮﺪأ )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻤﺎﴈ وا)ٮ‪6‬ٮﻬﻰ )ﺣﻼل ﻟﺤ)ﻄﺔ اﻟ‪6‬ٮكﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
 ‫أﻣﺎ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم )ڡ&ٮﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪم ﻣﻦ أ‪-‬ﺣﻞ اﻟ‪6‬ٮكﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪث ‪-‬ٮﺪأ )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻤﺎﴈ وا)ٮ‪6‬ٮﻬﻰ )ﺣﻼل ﻟﺤ)ﻄﺔ اﻟ‪6‬ٮكﻠﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪6‬ڡﺎرن ‪-‬ٮيﻦ اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻞ اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎﻟ&ٮﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪Present perfect:‬‬

‫‪I’ve done my homework.‬‬

‫)ا)ٮ‪6‬ٮﻬ&ٮﺖ ﻣﻦ وا‪-‬ﺣﱯ اﻟﻤ)ٮﺰل‪C‬ى(‬

‫‪Present perfect continuous:‬‬

‫‪I’ve been doing my homework.‬‬

‫)أ)ٮﺎ أ‪6‬ڡﻮم ‪-‬ٮوا‪-‬ﺣﱯ اﻟﻤ)ٮﺰل‪C‬ى(‬

‫ٮ‪6‬ﺪل اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ )اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم( ﻋﲆ أن اﻟﻤ‪6‬ٮكﻠﻢ ﰷن ٮ &‪6‬ڡﻮم ‪-‬ٮوا‪-‬ﺣ‪-‬ٮﻪ اﻟﻤ)ٮﺰل‪C‬ى‪ ،‬وﻟﻜ)ٮﻪ ا)ٮ‪6‬ٮﻬﻰ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬

‫أﻣﺎ اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﺔ اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎ)ٮ&ٮﺔ )اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤر ( ٮ‪6‬ﺪل ﻋﲆ أن اﻟﻤ‪6‬ٮكﻠﻢ ﰷن ٮ &‪6‬ڡﻮم ‪-‬ٮوا‪-‬ﺣ‪-‬ٮﻪ اﻟﻤ)ٮﺰل‪C‬ى )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻤﺎﴈ وﻣﺎزال ٮ &‪6‬ڡﻮم ‪-‬ٮﻪ )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪#Simple_past_tense‬‬
‫‪#‬اﻟﻤﺎﴈ_اﻟ‪-‬ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ‬

‫ٮ‪6‬ﻌريﻒ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪-‬ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ‬

‫ﺤَﺪم اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪-‬ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ – واﻟﺬي ٮ &ُﻄﻠَﻖ ﻋﻠ&ٮﻪ أﺣ&ٮﺎ)ٮ ًﺎ ﺻ&ٮ’ﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ– ﻟﻠ‪6‬ٮﻌ‪-‬ٮ&ٮﺮ ﻋﻦ )ڡِْﻌﻞ ﻣﻜ‪6‬ٮِﻤﻞ )ڡ‪C‬ى )ڡ‪6‬ٮﺮة زﻣ)ٮ&ٮﺔ ‪6‬ڡ‪-‬ٮﻞ اﻵن‪ .‬ٮ &َُﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ‬
‫ﺴ‪6‬ٮَ ) ْ‬
‫ٮ &ُ ْ‬
‫ﺣَﺪث )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻤﺎﴈ‬ ‫اﻟ‪-‬ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ اﻟﺼ&ٮ’ﻌﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳ&ٮﺔ ﻟﻠ‪6‬ٮﻌ‪-‬ٮ&ٮﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻠ’ﻌﺔ اﻹ)ٮ‪-‬ﺤﻠ&ٮزيﺔ‪ .‬ﻋ)ٮﺪ اﺳ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪام اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪-‬ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ )ڡﺈ)ٮ)ٮﺎ )ٮﺸ&ٮﺮ إﻟﻰ َ‬
‫اﻟ‪6‬ڡريﺐ أو اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪-‬ٮﻌ&ٮﺪ أو ‪6‬ڡﺪ ٮ &َﻜُون ﻣﻦ )ﻋ&ٮﺮ اﻟﻬﺎم ِذﻛْﺮ و‪6‬ڡﺖ و‪6‬ڡوع اﻟ َ‬
‫ﺤَﺪث‪.‬‬

‫أﻣ@ٮﻠﺔ‬
‫‪John Cabot sailed to America in 1498.‬‬

‫‪My father died last year.‬‬

‫‪He lived in Fiji in 1976.‬‬

‫‪We crossed the Channel yesterday.‬‬

‫ﺤَﺪم اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪-‬ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ ﻋ)ٮﺪﻣﺎ )ٮﺸ&ٮﺮ إﻟﻰ و‪6‬ڡﺖ و‪6‬ڡوع اﻟ َ‬

‫ﺤَﺪث؛ ﻟﺬا‪) ،‬ڡ’ﻌﺎﻟ‪-‬ٮًﺎ ﻣﺎ ٮ &‪6‬ڡ‪6‬ٮرن ‪-‬ٮ‪6‬ٮﻌ‪-‬ٮ&ٮرات زﻣ)ٮ&ٮﺔ ٮ‪6‬ﺸ&ٮﺮ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪6‬ٮَ ) ْ‬
‫داﺋًﻤﺎ ﻣﺎ ٮ &ُ ْ‬

‫اﻟ‪6‬ٮﻜرار‪(often, sometimes, always) :‬‬

 I sometimes walked home at lunchtime.

I often brought my lunch to school.

:‫ﺤَﺪدة‬
َ ‫ڡﻄﺔ زﻣ)ٮ&ٮﺔ ُﻣ‬6‫)ٮ‬
(last week, when I was a child, yesterday, six weeks ago)

We saw a good film last week.

Yesterday, I arrived in Geneva.

She finished her work at seven o'clock.

I went to the theatre last night.

:‫ﺤَﺪدة‬
َ ‫ڡﻄﺔ زﻣ)ٮ&ٮﺔ )ﻋ&ٮﺮ ُﻣ‬6‫)ٮ‬
(the other day, ages ago, a long time ago)

People lived in caves a long time ago.

.She played the piano when she was a child

- :‫ﻪ اٮ &ﻀﺎ‬6‫ٮ)ﺤﺪاﻣﺎٮ‬6‫ﻣﻦ اﺳ‬

.ً ‫ ﻫﻮ ﰷﻥ ٮ &ﺪ)ﺣﻦ ﻛ@ٮ&ٮﺮﺍ‬: ‫ڡﺎﺋﻤا ً ﻣ@ٮﻞ‬6 ‫ٮ&ٮﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺮﻑ ﻟﻢ ٮ &ﻌﺪ‬-‫ٮﻌ‬6‫ﻟﻠ‬

( ‫) ﺍﻻ ﺍ)ٮﻪ ﻟﻢ ٮ &ﻌﺪ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻵﻥ‬

He used to smoke a lot.
.‫ﻬﻢ ﺍﺣ&ٮﺎﺀ‬6‫ٮ)ٮﺎٮ‬- ‫ڡﺪٮ &ﻢ ﰷﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ٮ &ﺪ)ڡ)ٮﻮﻥ‬6 ‫ڡﺖ‬6‫ى ﻭ‬C‫)ڡ‬
In olden times the Arabs buried their daughters alive.

: ‫ﻋ)ٮﺪ اﻟﺴؤال ﻋﻦ اﻟﺸ)ﺤﺺ اﻟﺬي )ڡﻌﻞ ﳾء ﻣ@ٮﻞ‬

Who told you that?

Who wrote Animal Farm?

: ‫ﺣواب اﻟﺸﺮط ﻣﺎﴈ ﻣ@ٮﻞ‬- ‫ﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺸﺮط اﻟﻤﺎﺿ&ٮﺔ ٮ &ﻜون‬-‫ٮﻌﺪ اﻟ‬-

 I could help you if you were not so lazy.

It would be better if you did it yourself.

If Omer worked hard, he would pass the examination.

: ‫ٮﺎرات وﻣ)ٮﻬﺎ ﻣﺎٮ &ﲇ‬-‫ٮﻌﺾ اﻟﻌ‬- ‫ٮﻌﺪ‬- ‫ٮﺼ&ٮ’ﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ‬- ‫ٮ &ﻜون اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ‬

: ‫ﻤﲎ ﻣ@ٮﻞ‬6‫( وﻣﻌ)ٮﺎﻫﺎ اٮ‬I wish ) ‫ٮﻌﺪ‬- -1

I wish I had a garden like yours.

: ‫( وﻣﻌ)ٮﺎﻫﺎ وكﺄ)ٮﻪ ﻣ@ٮﻞ‬as if) ‫ٮﻌﺪ‬--2

Mr. Lewis acts as if he owned the house.

: ‫( وﻣﻌ)ٮﺎﻫﺎ وكﺄ)ٮﻪ ﻣ@ٮﻞ‬as though) ‫ٮﻌﺪ‬- -3

She walks as though she was a queen.

: ‫ڡﺖ ﻣ@ٮﻞ‬6‫( وﻣﻌ)ٮﺎﻫﺎ ﺣﺎن اﻟﻮ‬It is time , It’s about time) ‫ٮﻌﺪ‬--4
It is time you learnt English.

It is about time you told me the truth.

: ‫ﻤﲎ ﻣ@ٮﻞ‬6‫( وﻣﻌ)ٮﺎه ﻟ&ٮﺖ او اٮ‬if only) ‫ٮﻌﺪ‬---5

If only I were clever.

: ‫( وﻣﻌ)ٮﺎﻫﺎ ا)ڡﻀﻞ ﻣ@ٮﻞ‬would rather) ‫ٮﻌﺪ‬--6

I’d rather you did it yourself.

:‫ٮ&ٮﺮ اﻟﺰﻣﲏ‬-‫ٮﻌ‬6‫ٮﻌﺪ اﻟ‬- ‫ﺿﻊ‬ ْ ) َ‫ٮ‬6‫ﺴ‬

َ ‫ ُﻮ‬6‫ وٮ‬،‫ى اﻟﻤﺎﴈ‬C‫ٮﻌ&ٮﺪة )ڡ‬- ‫ڡﻄﺔ زﻣ)ٮ&ٮﺔ‬6‫ٮ&ٮﺮ ﻋﻦ )ٮ‬-‫ٮﻌ‬6‫ ﻟﻠ‬ago ‫ﺤَﺪم كﻠﻤﺔ‬ ْ ُ 6‫ ٮ‬:‫ﻣﻼﺣ)ﻄﻪ‬
(a week ago, three years ago, a minute ago).

‫ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ‬-‫ڡﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‬6

Subject + verb (with -ed) + c

I played football yesterday.

 Sally cooked the dinner last night.

Ali and Mohammed did their homework yesterday.

-------------------------------------------------------

- :‫ى‬C‫ڡﺎﻋﺪة اﻟ)ٮ)ڡ‬6
Subject + didn't + base verb + c

​ َ ‫)ڡـ‬
didn't ‫ٮ)ﺤﺪم اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬6‫ى )ٮﺴ‬C‫ اﻟ)ٮ)ڡ‬ʊ

I didn't play football yesterday.

They didn't do their homework.

Sally didn't cook dinner last night.

------------------------------------------------------

- :‫ڡﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺴؤال‬6

Did + subject + base verb + c

، ‫ٮﻜﻤﻠﻪ‬6‫ٮﻌﺪه اﻟ‬- ‫ﺤﺮد ﻣـטּ أي إﺿﺎ)ڡﺔ و‬-‫ اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ ٮ &ﻜون ﻣ‬+ ‫ڡﺪم اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﲆ اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ‬6‫)ٮ‬

Did She cook dinner last night ?

Did they do their homework yesterday ?

-------------------------------------------------------

: ‫ﺸ&ٮﺮ اﻟ&ٮﻪ ﻣ@ٮﻞ‬6‫ٮﻌﺾ اﻟ)ﻄروف اﻟﱵ ٮ‬- –

Yesterday
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺲ‬
Last night
‫ﺍﻟﻠ&ٮﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿ&ٮﺔ‬
 ‫‪Last week‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳ‪-‬ٮﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﴈ‬
‫‪Last year‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴ)ٮﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿ&ٮﺔ‬
‫‪Ago‬‬
‫ﺳﺎ‪-‬ٮ‪6‬ڡا ً‪ ،‬ﻣﻀﺖ‬
‫‪Once‬‬
‫ﻟﻤﺮه‬
‫‪Yesterday‬‬
‫‪-‬ٮﺎﻷﻣﺲ‬
‫‪Three weeks ago‬‬
‫ﻣ)ٮﺬ ٮ@ﻼٮ@ﺔ أﺳﺎ‪-‬ٮيﻊ‬
‫‪Six months ago‬‬
‫ﻣ)ٮﺬ أر‪-‬ٮﻌﺔ أﺷﻬﺮ‬
‫‪Last night‬‬
‫اﻟﻠ&ٮﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﺿ&ٮﺔ‬
‫‪In the past‬‬
‫)ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻤﺎﴈ‬
‫‪Last week‬‬
‫اﻷﺳ‪-‬ٮوع اﻟﻤﺎﴈ‬
‫‪Last year‬‬
‫اﻟﺴ)ٮﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﺿ&ٮﻪ‬
‫‪In 1999 … etc‬‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣ)ﻄﺔ ‪ //‬اذا ‪-‬ﺣﺎء ‪-‬ٮـﻌـﺪ ا)ڡﻌﺎل اﻟﻜ&ٮ)ٮﻮ)ٮﻪ )‪ (was,were‬اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ ﻷ)ڡﻌﺎل اﻟﻜ&ٮ)ٮﻮ)ٮﻪ )‪ (is, are, am‬اذا ‪-‬ﺣﺎء ‪-‬ٮﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺻ)ڡﻪ او اﺳﻢ أو‬
‫ض ‪-‬ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ‬‫)ﻃﺮف )ڡـ ٮ &ﻜون زﻣﻦ اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﺎ ٍ‬

‫اﻣ@ٮﻠﺔ‪- :‬‬

‫ﺻ)ڡﺔ أو اﺳﻢ أو )ﻃﺮف ‪Subject + was / were +‬‬

‫‪I was a student in this school.‬‬

‫ﻫ)ٮﺎ ‪ student‬أﺳﻢ‬

‫‪She was ill.‬‬

‫ﻫ)ٮﺎ ‪ ill‬ﺻ)ڡﺔ‬

‫‪Noor and Layla was in the school yesterday.‬‬

 in the school ‫)ﻃﺮف ﻣﲀن‬

-------------------------------------------------------

- :‫ى‬C‫ڡﺎﻋﺪة اﻟ)ٮ)ڡ‬6

Subject + was / were+ not + ‫ﺻ)ڡﺔ أو أﺳﻢ أو )ﻃﺮف‬

I'm not a student in this school.

She wasn't ill.

Noor and Layla weren't in the school.

-----------------------------------------------------

- :‫ڡﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺴؤال‬6

Was / Were + subject + ‫ﺻ)ڡﺔ أو أﺳﻢ أو )ﻃﺮف‬

Was she ill..?

Were they in the school ..?

Was he a student in this school ..?

-------------------------------------------------------

I , he, she, it > was

we, you, they > were

#The_past_continues

‫ٮﻤﺮ‬6‫زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟﻤﺴ‬

 ‫ٮﻤﺮ‬6‫زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟﻤﺴ‬

‫ٮﻤﺮ‬6‫و)ﻃﺎﺋﻒ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟﻤﺴ‬

‫ٮﻤًرا‬6‫ى اﻟﻤﺎﴈ وﻣﺎ زال ﻣﺴ‬C‫ٮﺪأ )ڡ‬- ‫ڡﺪ‬6 ‫ﺤَﺪث‬

َ ‫ ﺣ&ٮﺚ ٮ &ﻜون اﻟ‬،‫ٮﻞ اﻵن‬-‫ڡ‬6 ‫ٮﺮة زﻣ)ٮ&ٮﺔ‬6‫ى )ڡ‬C‫ٮﻤﺮ ﻟﻮﺻﻒ اﻷ)ڡﻌﺎل أو اﻷﺣﺪاث )ڡ‬6‫ﺤَﺪم اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟﻤﺴ‬ ْ ) َ‫ٮ‬6‫ﺴ‬
ْ ُ& ‫ٮ‬
‫ى اﻟﻤﺎﴈ‬C‫ٮِﻤﻠﺔ )ڡ‬6‫ٮﻬ&ٮﺔ أو )ﻋ&ٮﺮ ﻣﻜ‬6‫ٮﻤﺮ ﻋﻦ أ)ڡﻌﺎل )ﻋ&ٮﺮ ُﻣ)ٮ‬6‫ٮِﺮ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟﻤﺴ‬-‫ ٮ &َُﻌ‬،‫ٮﺎرة أ)ﺣرى‬-‫ٮﻌ‬- .‫ڡﺖ اﻟكﻼم‬6‫ﺣﱴ و‬

:‫ﻪ‬6‫ٮ)ﺤﺪاﻣﺎٮ‬6‫اﺳ‬

ْ ) َ‫ٮ‬6‫ﺴ‬
:‫ ﻣ@ٮﻞ‬،‫ى زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ‬C‫ٮﺔ )ڡ‬-‫ٮو‬6‫ڡﺼﺺ اﻟﻤﻜ‬6‫ى اﻟ‬C‫ٮﻤﺮ ﻟﻮﺻﻒ اﻷﺣﺪاث اﻟ)ﺤﻠ)ڡ&ٮﺔ )ڡ‬6‫ﺤَﺪم اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟﻤﺴ‬ ْ ُ& ‫ٮًﺎ ﻣﺎ ٮ‬-‫)ﻋﺎﻟ‬

"The sun was shining and the birds were singing as the elephant came out of the jungle. The other animals
were relaxing in the shade of the trees, but the elephant moved very quickly. She was looking for her baby,
and she didn't notice the hunter who was watching her through his binoculars. When the shot rang out, she
was running towards the river..."

َ ‫ َڡ‬6 ‫ٮَِﻤﻞ‬6‫ﺣَﺪث )ﻋ&ٮﺮ ُﻣﻜ‬

:‫ ﻣ@ٮﻞ‬،‫ﻄَﻌﻪ ﺣﺪث أو )ڡﻌﻞ آ)ﺣﺮ‬ َ ‫ﻟﻮﺻﻒ‬
"I was having a beautiful dream when the alarm clock rang."

:‫ ﻣ@ٮﻞ‬،‫ى اﻟرأي‬C‫’ﻌ&ٮيﺮ )ڡ‬6‫ٮ&ٮﺮ ﻋﻦ ٮ‬-‫ٮﻌ‬6‫ﻟﻠ‬

"I was going to spend the day at the beach but I've decided to get my homework done instead."

:‫ ﻣ@ٮﻞ‬،‫ٮﺔ‬-‫ڡﺔ ُﻣَﻬَﺬ‬6‫ٮﻄري‬- ‫' ﻟﺼ&ٮﺎ)ﻋﺔ اﻟﻄﻠﺐ‬wonder' ‫ﻣﻊ اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ‬

"I was wondering if you could baby-sit for me tonight."

‫أﻣ@ٮﻠﺔ‬

They were waiting for the bus when the accident happened.

Caroline was skiing when she broke her leg.

When we arrived he was having a bath.

When the fire started I was watching television.

 ‫ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ‬-‫ٮﺼ&ٮ’ﻌﺔ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‬- ‫ٮﺐ ﺣﺪث آ)ﺣﺮ‬-‫ٮﺴ‬- ‫ڡﻄﻌﺖ‬6‫ٮﻤﺮة ا)ٮ‬6‫ٮ&ٮﺮ ﻋﻦ أﺣﺪاث ﻣﺴ‬-‫ٮﻌ‬6‫ٮﻤﺮ ﻟﻠ‬6‫زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟﻤﺴ‬

‫ٮﻞ‬-‫ڡ‬6 ‫ٮﻤﺮ ﻫﻮ اﻟﺬي ﺣﺪث‬6‫ٮﻊ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟﻤﺴ‬-‫ٮﺎﻟﻄ‬- .‫ٮﻞ اﻻ)ﺣﺮ‬-‫ڡ‬6 ‫ٮيﻦ اﻟﺤﺪٮ@&ٮﻦ وأٮ &هﻤﺎ ﺣﺼﻞ‬- ‫ٮ)ڡريﻖ‬6‫ٮﻂ ﻟﻠ‬-‫ٮ)ﺤﺪام أﺣﺪ أدوات اﻟر‬6‫ٮﻢ اﺳ‬6& ‫ﻫ)ٮﺎ ٮ‬
‫ى‬C‫ٮﻂ ه‬-‫ أدوات اﻟر‬,‫ٮﻪ‬-‫ٮ‬-‫ٮﺴ‬- ‫ڡﻒ‬6‫ﻮ‬6‫ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ ﻷ)ٮﻪ ٮ‬-‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‬

When, While.

‫ٮﻤﺮ‬6‫ى زﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﴈ ﻣﺴ‬C‫ٮ‬6‫ ٮ &ﺄ‬while ‫ٮـﻌـﺪ‬-

‫ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ‬- ‫ى زﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﴈ‬C‫ٮ‬6‫ )ڡـ ٮ &ﺄ‬when ‫ٮـﻌـﺪ‬- ‫اﻣﺎ‬
‫ى ﻟﻮﺿﻊ اﻟ)ڡﺎرزه‬C‫ى اﻟﻮﺳﻂ )ڡﻼ داع‬C‫ﺣﺎءت )ڡ‬- ‫ﺤﻤﻠﻪ اﻣﺎ اذا‬-‫ٮﻢ وﺿﻊ اﻟ)ڡﺎرزه وﺳﻂ اﻟ‬6& ‫ى اﻟ)ٮﻬﺎٮ &ﻪ )ڡـ ٮ‬C‫ﺣﺎءت أﺣﺪى ﻫﺬه اﻷدوات )ڡ‬- ‫اذا‬

‫ﻣ@ٮﺎل‬:

She was eating when he called.

‫)ڡ&ٮﺔ‬6‫ٮﺐ ﻣﲀﻟﻤﺔ ﻫﺎٮ‬-‫ٮﺴ‬- ‫ڡﻄﻌﺖ ﻋﻦ اﻻكﻞ‬6‫ﺄكﻞ وﻟﻜﻦ ا)ٮ‬6‫ٮﺎة ﰷ)ٮﺖ ٮ‬6‫ﻫ)ٮﺎ ﻻﺣﻆ ﻛ&ٮﻒ أن اﻟ)ڡ‬.

‫أﻣ@ٮﻠﺔ‬:

1-I was taking a shower when the bell rang.

2-When Dad called me, I was washing the car.

3-While she was going to the school, it faced a huge accident.

4-What were they doing when the flood started?

5-I was writing an email, so I didn’t notice her in the library.

6-You were not doing the homework when I came to your home.

7-While Sarah was sleeping last night, her neighbor shouted at his children so she wakes up.

8-They were waiting for the train when it started raining.

8-While I was playing tennis with my friends, Mom called me.

10-
 A: What were you doing when you broke your hand?
B: I was playing basketball.

.‫ٮﻤﺮة‬6‫ى اﻟﺼ&ٮ’ﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺴ‬C‫ى ﻋﺎدة )ڡ‬C‫ٮ‬6‫ﺄ‬6‫ٮﻤﺮ ﻣﻊ اﻷ)ڡﻌﺎل اﻟﱵ ﻻ ٮ‬6‫ٮﺪًﻻ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟﻤﺴ‬- ‫ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ‬-‫ﺤَﺪم اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‬
ْ ) َ‫ٮ‬6‫ﺴ‬
ْ ُ& ‫ ٮ‬:‫ﻣﻼﺣ)ﻄﺔ‬

- :‫ٮﻤﺮ‬6‫ڡﺎﻋﺪه اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟﻤﺴ‬6

Subject + was / were + [Link] +c

She was walking ...

They were screaming ...

---------------------------------------------------------

- :‫ى‬C‫ڡﺎﻋﺪة اﻟ)ٮ)ڡ‬6

Subject + wasn't/ weren't + [Link] + c

I wasn't playing football ..

They weren't screaming ....

-------------------------------------------------------
- :‫ڡﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺴؤال‬6

Was / Were + subject + [Link] + c ?

Was she walking ...?

Were they screaming ..?

-------------------------------------------------------

Keywords ‫ٮﺎﺣ&ٮﺔ‬6‫اﻟكﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻤ)ڡ‬

 ‫ﻟكﻞ زﻣﻦ كﻠﻤﺎت ﻣ)ڡ‪6‬ٮﺎﺣ&ٮﻪ أو ﻣﺎٮ &ﺴﻤﻰ ‪-‬ٮﺎﻟ)ﻄروف ٮ‪6‬ﺪل ﻋﲆ اﺳ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪام ﻫﺬا اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‪) ,‬ﺣﻞ )ٮﺸﻮف ﻫﺎﻟكﻠﻤﺎت ﺷـ)ٮﻮ ۿـ َ‪C‬ى ‪-:‬‬

‫‪|All last night‬‬

‫‪| All last week‬‬
‫‪| All last month‬‬
‫‪| All yesterday‬‬
‫‪| All last year‬‬
‫‪| All afternoon‬‬
‫‪| All afternoon‬‬
‫‪| yesterday‬‬
‫‪| All evening yesterday‬‬
‫‪|From 5 o’clock to 6‬‬
‫‪|Since 4 am‬‬
‫‪|For a long time yesterday‬‬
‫‪|Throughout the night‬‬

‫ﻻﺣ)ﻄوا ﻫ)ٮﺎ أن اﻟكﻠﻤﺎت ٮ‪6‬ﺪل ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌ)ٮﺎﻫﺎ ﻋﲆ اﺳ‪6‬ٮﻤراريﺔ اﻟﺤﺪث‪ ,‬ﻛﻤ@ٮﺎل اﺳ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪام‬

‫‪All last week‬‬

‫‪:‬ٮ‪6‬ﺪل أن اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ أو اﻟﺤﺪث و‪6‬ڡﻊ )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻻﺳ‪-‬ٮوع اﻟﻤﺎﴈ ‪-‬ٮﺸكﻞ ﻣﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ ‪-‬ٮﺪون ٮ‪6‬ﻮ‪6‬ڡﻒ‪ ,‬ﻣ@ٮﺎل‬

‫‪All last week, I was preparing for the TOFEL exam.‬‬

‫‪.‬ﻫ)ٮﺎ ٮ‪6‬ﺪل اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﲆ أن اﻟ)ڡﻌﻞ و‪6‬ڡﻊ ‪-‬ٮﺸكﻞ ﻣﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ ﻃوال اﻻﺳ‪-‬ٮوع اﻟﻤﺎﴈ ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻣ‪6‬ٮﺤﺎن اﻟ‪6‬ٮﻮ)ڡﻞ‪ ,‬وأ)ٮﻪ اﻵن ٮ‪6‬ﻮ‪6‬ڡﻒ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬

‫‪#The_past_perfect‬‬

‫زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم‬

‫اﺳ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪاﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم‬

‫ﺤَﺪم ﻟ‪6‬ٮﻮﺿيﺢ )ڡﻜﺮة و‪6‬ڡوع ﺣﺪث ‪6‬ڡ‪-‬ٮﻞ ﺣﺪث آ)ﺣﺮ )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻤﺎﴈ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺴ‪6‬ٮَ ) ْ‬
‫ﺤَﺪم اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم ﻟﻺﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ و‪6‬ڡﺖ ﺳﺎ‪-‬ٮﻖ ﻋﻤﺎ ‪6‬ڡ‪-‬ٮﻞ اﻵن‪) .‬ڡﻬﻮ ٮ &ُ ْ‬‫ﺴ‪6‬ٮَ ) ْ‬
‫ٮ &ُ ْ‬
‫ﺤَﺪث‪.‬‬
‫ﺤَﺪٮ@&ٮﻦ ‪6‬ڡ‪-‬ٮﻞ اﻵ)ﺣﺮ ﺣ&ٮﺚ أن زﻣﻦ اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﺔ ﺳ&ٮَُﺪل ﻋﲆ ٮ‪6‬ﺮٮ‪&6‬ٮﺐ اﻟ َ‬ ‫ٮ &ُْﻤِﻜﻦ وﺿﻊ أي ﻣﻦ اﻟ َ‬

‫اﻻﺳ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪام اﻷول‪ :‬أﺣﺪاث ﻣﻜ‪6‬ٮﻤﻠﺔ و‪6‬ڡﻌﺖ ‪6‬ڡ‪-‬ٮﻞ ﺣﺪث آ)ﺣﺮ )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻤﺎﴈ‬

‫)ٮﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪم ﻫﺬا اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻟﻠ‪6‬ٮﻌ‪-‬ٮ&ٮﺮﻋﻦ )ڡﻜﺮة أو ﺣﺪث و‪6‬ڡﻊ ‪6‬ڡ‪-‬ٮﻞ زﻣﻦ آ)ﺣﺮ )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻤﺎﴈ ‪ ,‬ﻣﻤﻜﻦ أن ٮ &ﻜون زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم ‪6‬ڡﺪ ﺣﺼﻞ ‪6‬ڡ‪-‬ٮﻞ )ڡ‪6‬ٮﺮة‬
‫زﻣ)ٮ&ٮﺔ ﻣﺤﺪدة ﻻﺣﻆ اﻟﺸكﻞ اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎل‪C‬ى ﻛ&ٮﻒ ٮ &ﺸ&ٮﺮ اﻟﻰ ٮ‪6‬ﺴﻠﺴﻞ اﻻﺣﺪاث‬
 ‫ﺴﻠﺴﻞ اﻻﺣﺪاث‬6‫ى ﻛ&ٮﻒ ٮ &ﺸ&ٮﺮ اﻟﻰ ٮ‬C‫ٮﺎل‬6‫زﻣ)ٮ&ٮﺔ ﻣﺤﺪدة ﻻﺣﻆ اﻟﺸكﻞ اﻟ‬

‫أﻣ@ٮﻠﺔ‬

Waleed knew New York so well because he had visited it several times.

I did not go to the theater with my friends because I had lost my wallet.

I had never been to a cinema before last night

Had Haitham ever known Taj Mahal before he traveled to India?

I had never met such a nice people before I went to Tunisia for a training program.

I did not see my family so well on my last trip to Jordan because they had been so busy.

A: Had she ever visited Turkey before her trip in 2014?

B: Yes, she had been to Turkey several times before.

You only understood the movie because you had read the book.

‫ٮ)ﺤﺪام اﻷول‬6‫ﻮﺿيﺢ ﻟﻸﺳ‬6‫ٮ‬

x ‫ٮﺎﻟﺤﺮف‬- ‫ٮﺎم واﻟﺬي ٮ &ﺸﺎر اﻟ&ٮﻪ‬6‫ٮﻌﺪ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‬- ‫ڡﻊ‬6‫ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ اﻟﺬي و‬-‫ وزﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‬,‫ڡﻮس اﻟﻤ’ﻌﻠﻖ‬6‫ٮﺎﻟ‬- ‫ٮﺎم واﻟﺬي ٮ &ﺸﺎر اﻟ&ٮﻪ‬6‫زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‬

‫ى اﻟﻤﺎﴈ‬C‫ڡوع ﺣﺪث آ)ﺣﺮ )ڡ‬6‫ٮﻤﺮت ﺣﱴ و‬6‫ٮﺎﻟﻤﺎﴈ واﺳ‬- ‫ٮﺪأت‬- ‫ أﺣﺪاث‬:‫ى‬C‫ٮ)ﺤﺪام اﻟ@ٮﺎ)ٮ‬6‫اﻻﺳ‬

‫ڡ)ڡﻪ “اﻟﺤﺪث‬6‫ﻮ‬6‫ى اﻟﻤﺎﴈ أدى اﻟﻰ ٮ‬C‫ڡﻊ ﺣﺪث آ)ﺣﺮ )ڡ‬6‫ٮﻤﺮت اﻟﻰ أن و‬6‫ٮﺎﻟﻤﺎﴈ و اﺳ‬- ‫ٮﺪأت‬- ‫ٮ&ٮﺮ ﻋﻦ أﺣﺪاث‬-‫ٮﻌ‬6‫ٮﺎم ﻟﻠ‬6‫ٮ)ﺤﺪم زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‬6‫“)ٮﺴ‬
‫اﻷول‬

، ‫ى اﻟﺸكﻞ‬C‫ﻛﻤﺎ )ڡ‬

‫اﻣ@ٮﻠﺔ‬
 We had lived in that house for eight years before we moved to another city.

By the time I graduated from university, I had been in Turkey for more than four years.

I felt bad about selling my car because I had had it for more than ten years.

‫ٮﺎم‬6‫ڡﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‬6

Subject+ had+ p.p

She had studied German before she moved to Berlin.

-----------------------------------------------------
‫ى‬C‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟ)ٮ)ڡ‬

Subject + hadn't + p.p

She had not studied German befor she moved to Berlin.

--------------------------------------------------------
- :‫ڡﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺴؤال‬6

Had + subject + p.p

Had she studied German before she moved to Berlin?

--------------------------------------------------------

Past Perfect Keywords ‫ٮﺎم‬6‫ٮﺎﺣ&ٮﺔ ﻋﲆ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‬6‫اﻟكﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ أو اﻟﻤ)ڡ‬

‫ﺴﺎﻋﺪ)ٮﺎ ﻋﲆ‬6‫ٮﺎﺣ&ٮﺔ ٮ‬6‫ ﻫ)ٮﺎﻟﻚ كﻠﻤﺎت ﻣ)ڡ‬.‫ٮﻞ اﻷ)ﺣﺮ‬-‫ڡ‬6 ‫ٮ&ٮﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪٮ@&ٮﻦ أﺣﺪاﻫﻤﺎ ﺣﺼﻞ‬-‫ٮﻌ‬6‫ٮ)ﺤﺪم ﻟﻠ‬6‫ٮﺎم ٮ &ﺴ‬6‫ڡﺎ )ڡﺄن زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‬6‫ٮ‬-‫ﻛﻤﺎ أﺷﺮ)ٮﺎ ﺳﺎ‬
‫ى‬C‫ڡ&ٮﺔ اﻟﺤﺪث وه‬6‫ٮ‬-‫ﺤﺪٮ &ﺪ أﺳ‬6‫ٮ‬

(As, When, Because, Before, After)

As and when ‫ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ‬-‫ٮﻌﺪﻫﺎ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‬- ‫ى‬C‫ٮ‬6‫ٮﻤﻌﲏ ﻋ)ٮﺪﻣﺎ ويﺄ‬-.

 As and when ‫ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ‬-‫ٮﻌﺪﻫﺎ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‬- ‫ى‬C‫ٮ‬6‫ٮﻤﻌﲏ ﻋ)ٮﺪﻣﺎ ويﺄ‬-.

As (when) I arrived the station, the train had already left.

The train had already left as (when) I arrived the station.

‫ اﻟﺤﺪث‬.‫ﺤﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻜﻮ)ٮﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪٮ@&ٮﻦ‬-‫ ﻻﺣﻆ ان اﻟ‬.‫ى ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻄﺔ‬C‫ٮﻞ وﺻﻮل‬-‫ڡ‬6 ‫ڡﻄﺎر )ﻋﺎدر‬6‫ أي أن اﻟ‬.‫ڡﺪ )ﻋﺎدر‬6 ‫ڡﻄﺎر‬6‫ٮﻤﻌﲎ ﻋ)ٮﺪﻣﺎ وﺻﻠﺖ اﻟﻤﺤﻄﺔ ﰷن اﻟ‬-
.‫ٮﺎم‬6‫ٮﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‬- ‫ى ﰷن‬C‫ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ أم اﻟﺤﺪث اﻟ@ٮﺎ)ٮ‬-‫ى زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‬C‫ ﰷن )ڡ‬as ‫ٮﻌﺪ‬- ‫ﺣﺎء‬- ‫اﻟﺬي‬

As OR when (past simple), (past perfect). OR (past perfect) as OR when (past simple).
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Because
Past Perfect ‫ﺎم‬6‫ٮﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﺎض ٮ‬- ‫ى‬C‫ٮ‬6‫ٮﺐ ويﺄ‬-‫ٮﺴ‬- ‫ٮﻤﻌﲎ‬-
The car crashed because I had driven so fast.

Because I had not studied hard, I failed the test.

She went to hospital because she had poisoned herself.

Because (past perfect), (past simple). OR (past simple) because (past perfect).

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Before ‫ٮﻞ‬-‫ڡ‬6 ‫ٮﻤﻌﲏ‬- After ‫ٮﻌﺪ‬- ‫ٮﻤﻌﲎ‬-

Before -> Past simple

After -> Past Perfect

I had eaten an apple before I went to school yesterday.

I went to school after I had eaten an apple.

.after ‫ٮ)ﺤﺪام‬6‫ٮ)ﺤﺪم ﻋﻜﺲ اﺳ‬6‫ﺴ‬6‫ ٮ‬before ‫ﻻﺣﻆ أن‬

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After (past perfect), (past simple). OR (past simple) After (past perfect).

before ‫ڡﺎﻋﺪه‬6 ‫ٮﻌﺪﻫﺎ و‬- ‫ى‬C‫ح‬-& ‫ٮﺪاٮ &ﻪ ﺷـ)ٮﻮ ٮ‬-‫ٮﺎﻟ‬- ‫ﺣﺖ‬-‫ اذا ا‬After .‫ڡﺎﻋﺪة‬6
 ‫‪Before (past simple), (past perfect). OR (past perfect) before (past simple).‬‬

‫‪6‬ڡﺎﻋﺪة ‪ before‬ﺷـ)ٮﻮ ا‪-‬ﺣﻪ ‪-‬ٮﻌﺪﻫﺎ‬

‫اﻣ@ٮﻠﻪ‪- :‬‬

‫ﻋ)ٮﺪﻣﺎ وﺻﻞ رام‪C‬ى اﻟﻰ اﻟ‪-‬ٮ&ٮﺖ ﻛ)ٮﺖ ‪6‬ڡﺪ ا)ٮﻬ&ٮﺖ ﻃ‪-‬ٮﺦ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‬
‫‪As Rami arrived home, I had already finished cooking.‬‬

‫ﻋ)ٮﺪﻣﺎ وﺻﻞ رام‪C‬ى اﻟﻰ اﻟ‪-‬ٮ&ٮﺖ ﻛ)ٮﺖ ‪6‬ڡﺪ ا)ٮﻬ&ٮﺖ ﻃ‪-‬ٮﺦ اﻟﻄﻌﺎم‬
‫‪When Rami arrived home, I had already finished cooking.‬‬

‫رﺳ‪-‬ٮﺖ ‪-‬ٮﺎﻻﻣ‪6‬ٮﺤﺎن ﻷ)ٮ‪C‬ى ﻟﻢ ادرس ﻟﻪ‬

‫‪I failed the test because I had not studied for it.‬‬

‫‪-‬ٮﺪأ اﻟ)ڡ&ٮﻠﻢ ‪6‬ڡ‪-‬ٮﻞ وﺻﻮل‪C‬ى‪.‬‬

‫‪The film had started before I arrived.‬‬

‫‪-‬ٮﻌﺪ أن ‪-‬ٮﺪأ اﻟ)ڡ&ٮﻠﻢ‪ ،‬وﺻﻠﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪After the film hard started, I arrived.‬‬

‫‪#The_past_perfect_continues‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺎذا )ٮﻌﲏ ‪-‬ٮﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ؟‬

‫ﻀﺎ )ڡ‪C‬ى‬
‫)ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟوا‪6‬ڡﻊ أن ﻫﺬا اﻟﺰﻣﻦ ٮ &ﻮﺿﺢ اﻟﻤﺪة اﻟﺰﻣ)ٮ&ٮﺔ ﻟ)ٮﺸﺎط ﻣﻌ&ٮﻦ أو )ڡﻌﻞ ﻣﻌ&ٮﻦ ﰷن ﻣﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤًرا )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻤﺎﴈ ﻟﻜﻦ ‪6‬ڡ‪-‬ٮﻞ )ڡﻌﻞ أو )ٮﺸﺎط آ)ﺣﺮ أٮ & ً‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎﴈ… أي أن ﻫ)ٮﺎك )ڡﻌﻼن ﺣﺪٮ@ﺎ )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻤﺎﴈ وﻟﻜﻦ أﺣﺪﻫﻤﺎ ٮ‪6‬ﻮ‪6‬ڡﻒ ﻋ)ٮﺪﻣﺎ ‪-‬ٮﺪأ اﻵ)ﺣﺮ‪) ..‬ٮﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ٮ‪6‬ٮﺞ ﻣﻤﺎ ﺳ‪-‬ٮﻖ أن أﺣﺪ أﻃراف اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﺔ ﺳﻮف‬
‫ٮ &ﻜون ‪-‬ٮﺼ&ٮ’ﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ اﻟﺬي ٮ‪6‬ﻮ‪6‬ڡﻒ ﻋ)ٮﺪﻣﺎ ‪-‬ٮﺪأ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪-‬ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ )اﻟﻄﺮف اﻟ@ٮﺎ)ٮ‪C‬ى ﻣﻦ اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﺔ(… ﻻﺣﻆ أن كﻞ ﻫﺬه اﻷﺣﺪاث‬
‫و‪6‬ڡﻌﺖ )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻤﺎﴈ‬

‫ٮ &‪-‬ﺤﺐ ان )ٮ)ٮ‪6‬ٮ‪-‬ٮﻪ اﻟﻰ أن اﻟﺤﺪث )ڡ‪C‬ى زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ ٮ &ﺴ‪-‬ٮﻖ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪-‬ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ ﻛﻤﺎ )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻤ@ٮﺎل اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎل‪C‬ى ‪-:‬‬

‫‪I had been waiting in the waiting room for more than four hours when the doctor arrived the clinic.‬‬

‫ﻻﺣﻆ ﻫ)ٮﺎ ٮ‪6‬ﻢ اﺳ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪام زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ ﻟﻠ‪6‬ٮﻌ‪-‬ٮ&ٮﺮ ﻋﻦ اﺳ‪6‬ٮﻤراريﺔ “اﻻ)ٮ‪6‬ٮ)ﻄﺎر” )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟ‪6‬ڡﺎﻋﺔ‪ ,‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﻋ)ٮﺪ “وﺻول” اﻟﺪﻛ‪6‬ٮور ٮ‪6‬ﻮ‪6‬ڡﻒ )ڡﻌﻞ‬
‫اﻻ)ٮ‪6‬ٮ)ﻄﺎر‬
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Form ‫اﻟﺸكﻞ‬
Subject + had been + Ving + complement of the sentence

‫أﻣ@ٮﻠﺔ‬

I had been waiting in the waiting room for more than four hours when the doctor arrived the clinic.

‫ى ﺣﺎﻟﻪ اﻟﺴؤال‬C‫)ڡ‬
Had + subject + been + [Link]

Had I been waiting in the waiting room for more than four hours when the doctor arrived the clinic?

- :‫ى‬C‫ى ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟ)ٮ)ڡ‬C‫)ڡ‬

Subject + hadn't + been + [Link]

I had not been waiting in the waiting room for more than four hours when the doctor arrived the clinic.

Keywords
‫ٮﺎﺣ&ٮﺔ‬6‫اﻟكﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﻤ)ڡ‬
‫ى‬C‫ٮﻤ&ٮيﺰ )ڡ‬6‫ﺴﻬﻞ ﻋﻠ&ٮ)ٮﺎ اﻟ‬6‫ى ٮ‬C‫ﻤ&ٮﺰ كﻞ زﻣﻦ ﻋﻦ اﻵ)ﺣﺮ و ﺳﻮف )ٮﺬﻛﺮﻫﺎ ﻟك‬6‫ٮﺎﺣ&ٮﺔ ٮ‬6‫ﺤﻤﻮﻋﺔ كﻠﻤﺎت ﻣ)ڡ‬-‫ﺤﻠ&ٮزيﺔ ﻫ)ٮﺎك ﻣ‬-‫ﻟكﻞ زﻣﻦ ﻣﻦ أزﻣ)ٮﺔ اﻟﻠ’ﻌﺔ اﻻ)ٮ‬
‫ٮﻠ)ڡﺔ‬6‫ٮ)ﺤﺪام اﻷزﻣ)ٮﺔ اﻟﻤ)ﺤ‬6‫اﺳ‬

Since
For
When
Until
For more than two (hours, days, months, years, decades …….)

‫ى اﻟﻤﺎﴈ‬C‫ٮﻞ ﺣﺪث آ)ﺣﺮ )ڡ‬-‫ڡ‬6 ‫ٮ&ٮﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪث‬-‫ٮﻌ‬6‫ اﻟ‬:‫ٮ)ﺤﺪام اﻷول‬6‫اﻻﺳ‬

‫ ﻻﺣﻆ ﻫ)ٮﺎ أن‬,‫ى اﻟﻤﺎﴈ أٮ &ﻀﺎ‬C‫ٮﺪء ﺣﺪث آ)ﺣﺮ )ڡ‬- ‫ڡﻒ ﻋ)ٮﺪ‬6‫ﻮ‬6‫ٮﻤﺮ وٮ‬6‫ٮﺎﻟﻤﺎﴈ و اﺳ‬- ‫ٮﺪأ‬- ‫ٮ&ٮﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺪث‬-‫ٮﻌ‬6‫ٮﻤﺮ ﻟﻠ‬6‫ٮﺎم اﻟﻤﺴ‬6‫ٮ)ﺤﺪم زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‬6‫)ٮﺴ‬
‫ﻤﺎًﻣﺎ‬6‫ڡﻒ ٮ‬6‫ﻮ‬6‫اﻟﺤﺪث اﻷول ٮ‬

‫ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ‬-‫ أﻣﺎ ﺣﺮف أﻛﺲ )ڡﺄ)ٮﻪ ٮ &ﺸ&ٮﺮ اﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‬,‫ٮﻤﺮ‬6‫ٮﺎم اﻟﻤﺴ‬6‫ڡﻮس ٮ &ﺸ&ٮﺮ اﻟﻰ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‬6‫ى ﺣ&ٮﺚ أن ااﻟ‬C‫ٮﺎل‬6‫ﻻﺣﻆ اﻟﺸكﻞ اﻟ‬
 ‫زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺎ اﻟ)ڡرق ‪-‬ٮيﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ واﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ؟‬

‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎر ع اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ ٮ &ﺸ&ٮﺮ اﻟﻰ ﺣﺪث ‪-‬ٮﺪأ ‪-‬ٮﺎﻟﻤﺎﴈ وﻟﻜﻦ ﻣﺎ زال ﻣﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤرا ﺣﱴ اﻻن أﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ ٮ &ﺸ&ٮﺮ إﻟﻰ أﺣﺪاث و‪6‬ڡﻌﺖ‬
‫وا)ٮ‪6‬ٮﻬﺖ )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻤﺎﴈ‬

‫أﻣ@ٮﻠﺔ‬

‫‪Haitham needed to leave the playground because he had been playing football for more than three hours.‬‬

‫?‪A: How long had you been studying German before you moved to Berlin‬‬
‫‪B: I had not been studying German very long.‬‬

‫‪He had been working in Dubai for two years when the company announced bankrupt.‬‬

‫‪I had been studying for five hours before everybody waked up in the house.‬‬

‫‪Jack had been teaching at my school for three years before he left for a new one.‬‬

‫‪How long had she been driving to‬‬

‫?‪reach here‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﻟ)ڡرق ‪-‬ٮيﻦ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ و زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ؟‬

‫زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ ٮ &ﻌ‪-‬ٮﺮ ﻋﻦ أﺣﺪاث ﰷ)ٮﺖ ﻣﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮة وٮ‪6‬ﻢ و‪6‬ڡوع ﺣﺪث أو )ڡﻌﻞ آ)ﺣﺮ )ڡ‪C‬ى )ٮ)ڡﺲ اﻟﻮ‪6‬ڡﺖ ‪-‬ٮﺎﻟﻤﺎﴈ ‪ ,‬أي أ)ٮﻬﺎ ﻣ‪6‬ٮرا‪-‬ٮﻄﻪ ﻣﻊ ‪-‬ٮﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬
‫اﻟ‪-‬ٮﻌﺾ‬

‫أﻣﺎ زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ ٮ &ﺸ&ٮﺮ إﻟﻰ زﻣﻦ أو ﺣﺪث ﰷن ﻣﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤًرا ‪6‬ڡ‪-‬ٮﻞ و‪6‬ڡوع اﻟﺤﺪث اﻵ)ﺣﺮ )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪-‬ٮﺴ&ٮﻂ‬

‫ادرس اﻷﻣ@ٮﻠﺔ اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎﻟ&ٮﺔ ‪-‬ٮﻌ)ٮﺎٮ &ﺔ و ﺳﻮف ٮ‪6‬ﻼﺣﻆ اﻟ)ڡرق ‪-‬ٮي)ٮﻬﻢ‪ ,‬ﺣ&ٮﺚ أن ﻣﻌﲎ اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﺔ ٮ &‪6‬ٮ’ﻌ&ٮﺮ ٮ‪’6‬ﻌ&ٮًرا ﰷﻣًﻼ‬

‫‪She was tired because she was jogging.‬‬

‫ﻫ)ٮﺎ اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﺔ ٮ‪6‬ﻮﺿﺢ ‪-‬ٮﺄ)ٮﻬﺎ ﰷ)ٮﺖ ٮ‪6‬ﺸﻌﺮ ‪-‬ٮﺎﻟ‪6‬ٮﻌﺐ وذﻟﻚ ﻻ)ٮﻬﺎ ﰷ)ٮﺖ ٮ‪6‬ﺮﻛﺾ )ڡ‪C‬ى ٮ‪6‬ﻠﻚ اﻟﻠﺤ)ﻄﻪ‬

‫‪She was tired because she had been jogging.‬‬

‫ﻫ)ٮﺎ اﻟ‪-‬ﺤﻤﻠﺔ ٮ‪6‬ﻮﺿﺢ ‪-‬ٮﺄ)ٮﻬﺎ ﰷ)ٮﺖ ٮ‪6‬ﺸﻌﺮ ‪-‬ٮﺎﻟ‪6‬ٮﻌﺐ وذﻟﻚ ﻻ)ٮﻬﺎ ﰷ)ٮﺖ ٮ‪6‬ﺮﻛﺾ ﻛ@ٮ&ٮرا )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻵو)ٮﻪ اﻻ)ﺣ&ٮﺮه‪ ,‬أي ا)ٮﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ا)ٮﻬﺎ ﰷ)ٮﺖ ٮ‪6‬ﺮﻛﺾ )ڡ‪C‬ى ٮ‪6‬ﻠﻚ اﻟ)ڡ‪6‬ٮﺮة‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣ)ﻄﻪ ‪ //‬ﻻ ٮ &ﻤﻜﻦ أن ٮ‪6‬ﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪم زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم اﻟﻤﺴ‪6‬ٮﻤﺮ ﻣﻊ اﻷ)ڡﻌﺎل اﻟﱵ ﻻ ٮ‪66‬ڡ‪-‬ٮﻞ اﺿﺎف أي اﻻ)ڡﻌﺎل اﻟﺴﺎﻛ)ٮﻪ‬

‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ٮ‪6‬ﺴ‪6‬ٮ)ﺤﺪم زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﴈ اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎم ﻋﻮﺿﺎ ﻋ)ٮﻪ‪ ,‬ﻻﺣﻆ )ڡ‪C‬ى اﻟﻤ@ٮﺎﻟ&ٮﻦ اﻟ‪6‬ٮﺎﻟ&ٮيﻦ‬

‫‪The car had been belonging to me for ten years before Jack bought it‬‬ ‫‪Not Correct‬‬

‫‪The car had belonged to me for ten years before Jack bought it‬‬ ‫‪Correct‬‬