Oral

Communication
in
Context
Module No. 5
Communicative Competence
Strategies
in
Various Speech Situations

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Oral Communication in Context – 2nd Quarter
Overview
This module consists three lessons: Lesson 1: Types of speech context, 2: Types of speech style
and 3: Types of speech act. For this endeavor, speakers are able to convey message effectively and
meaningfully.
In this part of the module, you will learn the various strategies to be successful in communicating
effectively. These will surely be useful in different situations. Your communicative competence will be
developed in the activities that follow. So, have fun and maximize your speaking potential.

Most Essential Learning Competencies

 Identifies the various types of speech context. (EN11/12OC-Ifj-15)
 Distinguishes types of speech style. (EN11/12OC-Ifj-17)
 Responds appropriately and effectively to a speech act. (EN11/12OC-Ifj-20)

LESSON
TYPES OF SPEECH CONTEXT
1
Objectives:
In this lesson you are expected to:
1. identify various types of speech context; and
2. exhibit appropriate verbal and non- verbal behavior in a given speech context.
Discussion:
What Is Communication Context?
Speech context is the way that people use to communicate and transmit message orally or
verbally in a particular situation. People must understand the environmental context so that they can
connect with their audience and effectively deliver their speeches.
The following are the different speech contexts:
1. Intrapersonal
It is when communication centers on one individual, for example, thinking, imagining, reflecting,
and so on over various situations. The speaker plays the roles of both the sender and the speaker of a
message. “This message is made up of your thoughts and feelings. There is feedback in the sense that as
you talk to yourself, you discard certain ideas and replace them with others.” (Hybels & Weaver, 2012)
Example: A student is thinking about how fulfilling it was to receive high scores and a
commendation from the teacher for an excellent project made.
2. Interpersonal
It is when communication occurs between and among people which establishes relationships,
and develops rapport among them. “This highlights how interpersonal communication connects and links
people together. It becomes personal as people ’s unique qualities matter.” (Solomon and Theiss, 2013)

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Oral Communication in Context – 2nd Quarter
♦ Types of Interpersonal Context
a. Dyad - communication involves two persons who are formally or informally interacting with each
other verbally and nonverbally.
Example: A student gives feedback on a speech performance by a classmate.
b. Small Group - communication involves at least three to fifteen people who are doing a face-to- face
interaction when all participants share ideas freely in a discussion.
Example: The class officers are discussing how to impose classroom rules.
3. Public
This type of communication requires a speaker to deliver or send message in front of a group.
“In public communication, unlike in interpersonal and small group, the channels are more exaggerated
and in big crowd, hence speakers need to increase voice volume, use gestures, and visual aids such as
PowerPoint presentation to emphasize information.” (Hybels & Weaver, 2012)
Example: A Class Valedictorian delivers a graduation speech to his batch during the graduation
rites.
4. Mass Communication
It is to communicate between an entity and a large and diverse audience, mediated by some form
of technology such as television, radio, magazines, newspapers, books, internet and other types of media.
Example: A journalist expressing his stand on current issues through a radio program.

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Oral Communication in Context – 2nd Quarter
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ACTIVITY 2.5.1. MY REFLECTION
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Directions: Answer the following briefly and comprehensively. Write your answers in each
question in 5 to 8 sentences.
1. Why do you think it is important to learn the various types of speech context?
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2. Now that you have learned about speech context, what do think should a speaker do to be able to make
appropriate speeches in particular situations?
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Oral Communication in Context – 2nd Quarter
 LESSON
2
TYPES OF SPEECH STYLE
Objectives:
In this lesson you are expected to:
1. distinguish types of speech style;
2. identify social situations in which each speech style is appropriate to use; and
3. observe the appropriate language forms in using a particular speech style.
Discussion
Speech Style
Speech style refers to the distinctive way of communicating to others such as the patterns of
speaking which are characterized by vocabulary, pronunciation, intent, participants and grammatical
structures.
Five Types of Speech Styles
1. Intimate – This style is private, which occurs between or among close family members or individuals.
The type of language used in this style may not be shared publicly.
2. Casual –This style is common among peers and friends. Jargon, slang, or vernacular language are
used. This style is usually seen in the streets, during lunch time with friends and the like.
3. Consultative –The style of speech is a standard one where professional or mutually acceptable
language is a must. Examples of this are situations between teachers and students, employers and
employees, doctor and patient, judge and lawyer, or president and his/her constituents.
4. Formal –This style is used in settings that adhere to formal procedures. This speech style is one-way
in nature. Examples of this are sermons by priests and pastors, state of the nation address of the president,
formal speeches or pronouncements by the judges.
5. Frozen – This style is ‘frozen’ in time and remains unchanged. It mostly occurs in ceremonies.
Common examples are the Preamble of the Constitution, Lord’s Prayer and Allegiance to the country or
flag.

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Oral Communication in Context – 2nd Quarter
 ______________________________________________________________________________
ACTIVITY 2.5.2: SAMPLE TIME!
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Directions: Give at least three examples for each type of speech style.
1. Intimate
a. __________________________________________________________________________
b. __________________________________________________________________________
c. __________________________________________________________________________
2. Casual
a. __________________________________________________________________________
b. __________________________________________________________________________
c. __________________________________________________________________________
2. Casual
a. __________________________________________________________________________
b. __________________________________________________________________________
c. __________________________________________________________________________
3. Consultative
a. __________________________________________________________________________
b. __________________________________________________________________________
c. __________________________________________________________________________
4. Formal
a. __________________________________________________________________________
b. __________________________________________________________________________
c. __________________________________________________________________________
5. Frozen
a. __________________________________________________________________________
b. __________________________________________________________________________
c. __________________________________________________________________________

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Oral Communication in Context – 2nd Quarter
 LESSON
TYPES OF SPEECH ACT
3
Objectives:
In this lesson you are expected to:
1. define speech act; and
2. identify the different types of speech act;

Discussion
What is Speech Act
Speech Act is an utterance that a speaker intends to affect his/her audience. Speech acts functions
include apology, greeting, request, complaint, invitation, complaint, compliment, or refusal. Speech acts
have real-life interactions and require not only knowledge of the language but also appropriate use of
that language within a given culture.
Types of Speech Acts
According to the Speech Act Theory Developer J. L. Austin (1962), a language philosopher
suggested that utterances have three kinds of meaning, given the right circumstances or contexts which
directly affects what the speaker really means.
1. Locutionary act is the actual act of uttering or the literal meaning of the utterance. This act happens
with the utterances of a sound, a word or even a phrase as a natural unit of speech.
For the utterances to be a Locutionary Act, consider the following:
• It has sense, and mostly importantly, for communication to take place.
• It has the same meaning to both the speaker and the listener.
• Utterances give rise to shared meaning when it is adjusted by the speaker for the listener
Example.
• “Please pass your project.”
• “Wow?” (When someone is amazed)
• “Hello!” (greeting someone)
• “Get out!” (a strong command)

2. Illocutionary act is the social function of what is being said or the purpose of the person saying such
words. In an illocutionary speech act, it is not just saying something itself but with the act
of saying something with the intention of:
• stating an opinion, conforming, or denying something;

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Oral Communication in Context – 2nd Quarter
 • making a prediction, a promise, a request;
• issuing an order or a decision; or
• giving advice or permission.
Example.
• “Can you submit your project today?” The person is requesting the listener to submit
his/her project today.
• It’s more fun in the Philippines. (opinion)
• I’ll help you clean the house tomorrow. (promise)
• Get my things in the office. (order)
3. Perlocutionary act is the resulting act of what is said or the hearer recognizes the intention of the
speaker. This is based on the particular context in which the speech act was mentioned.
This is seen when a particular effect is sought from either the speaker or the listener, or both. The
response may not necessarily be physical or verbal and is elicited by:
• inspiring or insulting
• persuading/convincing; or
• deterring/scaring
The aim of Perlocutionary Speech Act is to change feelings, thoughts, or actions.
Example.

• “Can you submit your project today?” The listener gets the point; therefore, he/she
would submit his/her project on that day.
• “We can do this. We heal and win as one!” (inspiring)
• “It is crucial that we give all our collective efforts to fight against this pandemic. We
must start working together.” (persuading)
• “Smoking destroys your health, certain as it brings diseases, it kills – you, your loved
ones, and others!” (discouraging)

Indirect speech acts - these are speech acts which function does not have a direct relationship
with what the speaker actually means in his/her statement.
Please consider this utterance:
“The door is still open!” Implied speech act: Are you capable to close the door? - Here, the
speaker literally questioned somebody if he or she has the ability to close the door. This indirectly
requests the addressee to close the door in behalf of the speaker.

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Oral Communication in Context – 2nd Quarter
 Performatives - a special type of speech act which statements with verbs to execute the speech
act that intend to affect. Performative speech acts only “work” when said by the authoritative person, for
instance: in a wedding the priest would say “I now pronounce you man and wife” and the organization’s
president shall say to end up a meeting “The meeting is adjourned”.

Figure 1. Illustrates the aspects of Speech Act

Searle’s Classification of Illocutionary Speech Act

As a response to Austin’s Speech Act Theory, John Searle (1976) a university professor of
California, Berkeley, has five general classifications of speech act, and they are the following:
1. Assertive – this speech act grants the speaker to convey his/her view that the proposal made is correct.
The examples are suggesting, putting forward, swearing, boasting and concluding.
• I make the best cake in town.
2. Directive – In this speech act, the speaker tries to make the addressee do what is being asked. Some
examples of these include asking, ordering, requesting, inviting, advising and begging.
• Please come tomorrow morning for the meeting.
3. Commissive – this speech act compasses the speaker to make future actions, e.g. promises and oaths.
• Starting today, I will never comment negatively about a post on Facebook.
4. Expressive – This speech act allows the speaker to express his feelings and attitudes. These are words
that express gratitude or thanks, congratulating, apologizing, welcoming and deploring.
• I appreciate your effort in solving this problem.
5. Declaration - This speech act brings a change in the external situation. Some examples of declarations
are baptizing, firing, bidding, wedding and blessing.
• I now pronounce you husband and wife.

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Oral Communication in Context – 2nd Quarter
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ACTIVITY 2.5.3: UNDERSTANDING SPEECH ACT
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A. React to Me Now!
Directions: Below is a dialogue from a movie. Analyze the speech act of the characters shown
in the table below.
Title of the Movie: My Ex and Whys
Character Line Intention Effect
Liza Soberano as “Am I not enough? To express her Gio (Enrique Gil)
Calixta “Cali” Ferrer Pangit ba ako? frustration to the person realized that what he
Kapalit-palit ba ako?” who cheated on her. did was wrong.
Suppose you are in the same situation. What would be your reaction as Gio? Write your response
on the space provided below.
Your Response:
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B. Famous Lines
Directions: Recall your favorite movie/teleserye and its striking lines. Determine the character’s
speech act by filling out the table.

Speech Act:
Title of the Movie:
Character Line Intention Effect

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Oral Communication in Context – 2nd Quarter
 ______________________________________________________________________________
ACTIVITY 2.5.3:
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Directions: Write/compose a spoken word poetry. You have the freedom to choose or pick a topic you’re
passionate about. You may write it in either English or vernacular (Tagalog) to express your thoughts freely.
Students who will write it in English will surely get an additional 10 points. In connection with this, memorize
and prepare yourself for an oral presentation. Be guided by the given criteria below. Write it in a short bond paper.
Note: Avoid plagiarized or AI generated work. Once you are caught, your work will be voided and recorded as
zero.
CRITERIA/ RUBRICS
Content The piece shall have a powerful and meaningful message to the 35
audience.
Delivery and Performance • The spoken piece is delivered from the heart. 35
• Facial expressions, hand and body gestures emphasize the different
elements of the performance.
• Voice projection, confidence and conviction, modulation,
compelling and fluent phrasing.
• Audience attention and interest are captured and sustained
throughout the delivery.
• Words are pronounced distinctly and correctly; no stuttering or
stammering. Intonation sounds natural.
• The piece is effectively recited from memory.
• Freestyle or improvising is spontaneous even if a word or line is
forgotten.
Originality Must be originally composed or written by the participant. 30
TOTAL 100

Reference:
Bandiala, D. M. (2020). Oral Communication in Context. Module No. 5 - Communicative
Competence Strategies in Various Speech Situations. Department of Education – Cagayan De Oro.
Retrieved from:
[Link]
Cd?fbclid=IwAR0dg8Pun3YeeoAEGuN-vTDEcuZur3F3XtkzXFjcK1YGmeAJtGAOfI5nJYo

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Oral Communication in Context – 2nd Quarter