9


    
  
     
 

i
 9

    
  
   
   

ii
 What I Know

Read and understand each item carefully. Choose and write the letter that
corresponds to your choice on a separate sheet of paper. Answer all items, the result
of this test will determine how much you already know about this module. Take note
of the items that you were not able to answer correctly and look for the right answer
as you go through this module.

1. Which of the following is the quadratic equation?

a. 6m2 – 3m + 1 c. s2 – 3s + 2 = 0
b. 7s + 2 = 5 d. 4x2 + 3x ≥ 5

2. How many real roots does the quadratic equation m2 + 5m + 7 = 0 have?

a. 3 b. 2 c. 1 d. 0

3. The roots of the quadratic equation are -5 and 3. Which of the following
quadratic equations has these roots?
a. x2 – 8x + 15 = 0 c. x2 – 2x – 15 = 0
b. x2 + 8x + 15 = 0 d. x2 + 2x – 15 = 0

4. What is the nature of the roots of the quadratic equation if the value of its
discriminant is zero?
a. The roots are not real.
b. The roots are rational and equal
c. The roots are rational and not equal.
d. The roots are irrational and not equal

5. What are the roots of the quadratic equation x2 + x – 56 = 0?

a. 2 and -1 b. 8 and -7 c. -8 and 7 d. 3 and -2

6. What is the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation m2 - 5m – 14 = 0?

a. -7 b. -6 c. 5 d. -5

7. What is the product of the roots of quadratic equation x2 – 4x – 5 = 0?

a. 5 b. -5 c. 4 d. -4

8. Determine the roots of the quadratic equation 2x 2 + 5x – 3 = 0.

a. ½ and 3 b. -1/2 and 3 c. ½ and -3 d. ½ and 3

9. What is the sum of the quadratic equation with the roots -2/3 and ½?
a. 2/3 b. -2/3 c. 1/6 d. -1/6

1
10. What is the sum of the quadratic equation using the quadratic formula
−𝑏 ±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= 2𝑎
?
a. a/b b. b/a c. –a/b d. –b/a

11. What is the product of the quadratic equation using the quadratic formula
−𝑏 ±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= 2𝑎
?
a. c/a b. a/c c. –c/a d. –a/c

12. In the quadratic equation 4x2 – 2x + 1 = 0, what are the values of a, b, and c
respectively?
a. 4, 2, 1 b. 4, 1, 2 c. 4, -2, 1 d. 4, 1, 2

13. What is the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation m 2 – 4 = 0?

a. 0 b. 1 c. 3 d. 4

14. What is the product of the roots of the quadratic equation s2 – 4 = 0?

a. 4 b. -4 c. 2 d. 0

15. Determine the product of the roots of the quadratic equation whose roots are
-2/3 and -1/3.
a. -2/9 b. -2/6 c. 2/9 d. 1/3

2
 Lesson Relationship between the
Coefficients and the Roots of a
4 Quadratic Equation

In your previous lesson, you have learnt the discriminant and the nature of the roots
of the quadratic equation. As you go through the activities, you will learn the sum and
the product of the roots of the quadratic equation and through its roots you will find the
quadratic equation. In this lesson, you will describe the relationship between the
coefficients and the roots of the quadratic equations.

What’s In

Activity No. 1: Let’s Add And Multiply!

Perform the indicated operation and answer the question below.
5 3
1. 8 + 19 = 4. (− ) + (− 36) = 7. (-6) (5) =
9
2 5
2. 5 + (-7) = 5. (− ) + (− 12) = 8. (-8) (-3) =
3
3. -10 + (-16) = 6. (7) (9) =

Question to ponder:
What mathematics concepts and principles did you apply to arrive at each result?

Activity No. 2: Find My Roots!

Find the roots of the following quadratic equations using any method and answer the
question below.
1. m2 + 3m + 2 = 0 3. 12r2 – 5r – 3 = 0
2. x2 – 5x + 6 = 0 4. 2s2 + 7s – 8 = 0

Question:
How did you find the roots of the quadratic equations above?

3
 What’s New

The Equation and its Roots!

Use the quadratic equations below to answer the questions that follow.

𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 10 = 0 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 20 = 0

1. What are the values of a, b, and c in each equation?

a. 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 10 = 0; a = _____ b = _____ c = _____
b. 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 20 = 0; a = _____ b = _____ c = _____

2. Determine the roots of each quadratic equation using any method.

a. 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 10 = 0; 𝑥1 = _____ 𝑥2 = _____
b. 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 20 = 0; 𝑥1 = _____ 𝑥2 = _____

3. Complete the following table.

Quadratic Equation Sum of Roots Product of Roots
2
𝑥 + 7𝑥 + 10 = 0
2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 20 = 0

4. What do you observe about the sum and the product of the roots of each
quadratic equation in relation to the values of a, b, and c?

5. Do you think a quadratic equation can be determined given its roots or

solutions?

6. Do you think a quadratic equation can be determined given the sum and the
product of its roots?

Think about this…

Were you able to relate the values of a, b, and c of each quadratic
equation with the sum and product of its roots?

4
 What is It

We know that the two roots of any quadratic equation, 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 (𝑎 ≠ 0), are

−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
This fact can be used to draw two conclusions concerning the relationship of
the roots and the coefficients of the terms of the equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0.
The two roots of the equation are as follows:
−𝑏+√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏−√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥1 = 𝑥2 =
2𝑎 2𝑎

−𝑏+√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏−√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 −2𝑏 −𝒃

Sum: 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = 2𝑎
+ 2𝑎
= 2𝑎
= 𝒂

−𝑏+√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏−√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 𝑏2 −𝑏2 +4𝑎𝑐 4𝑎𝑐 𝑐

Product: 𝑥1 ∙ 𝑥2 = ( )( )= = 4𝑎2 = 𝑎
2𝑎 2𝑎 4𝑎2

−𝒃
Hence, the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 is ,
𝒂
𝒄
and the product of the roots is .
𝒂

Ways to find the sum and the product of the roots of the quadratic equations.

First ways: Given the two roots (𝑥1 , 𝑥2 )

• The Sum of the roots of the Quadratic Equation is 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 .

Example: Find the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation x2 – 10x + 16 = 0
whose roots are 8 and 2.
Let x1 = 8 and x2 = 2
The sum of the roots of the quadratic equation = x 1 + x2 = 8 + 2 = 10

• The Product of the roots of the Quadratic Equation is (x 1)(x2)

Example: Find the product of the roots of the quadratic equation x2 – 10x + 16 = 0
whose roots are 8 and 2.
Let x1 = 8 and x2 = 2
The product of the roots of the quadratic equation = (x1)(x2) = (8)(2) = 16

Therefore, the Sum and the Product of the Quadratic equation x2 – 10x + 16 = 0
whose roots are 8 and 2, are 10 and 16 respectively.

5
Activity No. 3: Relate Me To My Roots!
Find the sum and the product of the roots of the following quadratic equations.
1. x2 – 6x – 7 = 0; x1 = 7, x2 = -1
5
2. 2x2 – 3x – 20 = 0; x1 = 4, x2 = −
2

Second Ways: Given the Quadratic Equation (find the values of a, b, and c)
Derived from the Quadratic Formula
−𝑏
• The Sum of the roots of the Quadratic Equation is
𝑎
Example: Find the Sum of the roots of the quadratic equation x2 – 10x + 16 = 0

The values of a, b, and c in the equation are 1, -10, and 16 respectively.

−𝑏 −(−10) 10
The Sum of the Roots of the Quadratic Equation = = = = 10
𝑎 1 1

𝑐
• The Product of the roots of the Quadratic Equation is
𝑎
Example: Find the product of the roots of the quadratic equation x2 – 10x + 16 = 0

The values of a, b, and c in the equation are 1, -10, and 16 respectively.

𝑐 16
The Product of the roots of the quadratic equation = 𝑎 = 1 = 16

Therefore, the Sum and the Product of the Roots of the Quadratic Equation are 10,
and 16 respectively.

Activity No. 3A: Find My Sum and Product!

Find the Sum and the Product of the roots of the following Quadratic Equations using
the values of a, b, and c.
1. x2 – 6x – 7 = 0
2. 2x2 – 3x – 20 = 0

6
 What’s More

Ways in writing the Quadratic Equation.

First ways: Given the roots

• Through Factoring

Example: Write the quadratic equation whose roots are 8 and 2.

Write the roots in factor form: (𝑥 − 8) (𝑥 − 2)
Multiply the two factors using any method. You may use FOIL Method or Long
Method.
FOIL method: (𝑥 – 8) (𝑥 – 2)
F = (𝑥) (𝑥) = 𝑥 2
O = (𝑥) (−2) = −2𝑥
I = (−8)(𝑥) = −8𝑥
L = (−8)(−2) = 16

Therefore, the quadratic equation of the roots 8 and 2 is x 2 – 10x + 16 = 0

Second Ways: Given the roots

• Using the formula of the sum and the product of the roots of the quadratic equation.

Example: Write the quadratic equation with the roots whose sum is 5 and the
product is 2.
Through the form ax2 + bx + c = 0
Then, ax2 + bx + c = 0 will be x2 – (Sum of the roots)x + Product of the roots= 0
Substitute, the sum is 5 and the product is 2.
Using x2 – Sx + P = 0
Therefore, the quadratic equation is x2 – 5x + 2 = 0.

Activity No. 4: Write Me Again!

Use either method to form a quadratic equation having the following roots.
1) 4 and -8
2) -3 and -2
3) 5 and 1

7
 What I Have Learned

In this activity, you are asked to complete the statement as to the insights you
have gained from the lesson.
Complete the statement below.
Now I know that I know something about …
First, ______________________________________________________________
Second, ____________________________________________________________
Finally, _____________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Activity No. 5: This Is My Sum and My Product!

Use the values of a, b, and c to find the sum and the product of the following quadratic
equations. Answer the question below.
1. x2 + 4x + 3 = 0 Sum: ________ Product: _________
2. x2+ 4x – 21 = 0 Sum: ________ Product: _________
3. 2x2 + 3x – 2 = 0 Sum: ________ Product: _________
4. 4x2 + 8x + 3 = 0 Sum: ________ Product: _________
5. 10x2 – 19x + 6 = 0 Sum: ________ Product: _________
Question:
How did you determine the sum and the product of the roots of each quadratic
equation?

Activity No. 5A: Here Are the Roots. Where is the Trunk?
Write the quadratic equations in general form ax2 + bx + c = 0 given the following roots.
1. 5 and 9 3. -9 and 8 5. −3 and -3
−2 3
2. -8 and -10 4. and 4
3

Question:
How did you determine the quadratic equation given its roots?

8
 Assessment

Multiple choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Encircle the correct letter.

1. Which of the following is the quadratic equation?

a. y2 – 3y + 6 = 0 b. 6m2 – 3m + 1
c. 4x2 + 3x ≥ 5 d. 7s + 2 = 5

2. How many real roots does the quadratic equation 2m2 – 3m + 2 = 0 have?
a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3

3. The roots of the quadratic equation are 5 and –3. Which of the following
quadratic equations has these roots?
a. x2 + 8x + 15 = 0 b. x2 + 2x – 15 = 0
c. x2 – 2x – 15 = 0 d. x2 – 8x + 15 = 0

4. What is the nature of the roots of the quadratic equation if the value of its
discriminant is greater than zero and a perfect square?
a. The roots are not real.
b. The roots are rational and equal
c. The roots are irrational and not equal
d. The roots are rational and not equal

5. What are the roots of the quadratic equation x2 – x – 56 = 0?

a. 2 and -1 b. 8 and -7 c. -8 and 7 d. 3 and -2

6. What is the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation m 2 + 5m – 14 = 0?

a. -7 b. -6 c. 5 d. -5

7. What is the product of the roots of quadratic equation x2 + 4x – 5 = 0?

a. 4 b. 5 c. -5 d. -4

8. Determine the roots of the quadratic equation 2x 2 + 5x – 3 = 0.

a. ½ and 3 b. -1/2 and 3 c. ½ and -3 d. ½ and 3

9. What is the sum of the quadratic equation with the roots 2/3 and -½?
a. 2/3 b. 1/6 c. -2/3 d. -1/6

10. What is the sum of the quadratic equation using the quadratic formula
−𝑏 ±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= 2𝑎
?
a. –a/b b. b/a c. –b/a d. a/b

9
 11. What is the product of the quadratic equation using the quadratic formula
−𝑏 ±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= 2𝑎
?
a. - c/a b. a/c c. c/a d. –a/c

12. In the quadratic equation 4x 2 + 2x + 1 = 0, what are the values of a, b, and c

respectively?
a. 4, -2, 1 b. 4, 1, 2 c. 4, 2, 1 d. 4, 1, -2

13. What is the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation m 2 – 9 = 0?

a. -9 b. 9 c. 1 d. 0

14. What is the product of the roots of the quadratic equation s 2 – 25 = 0?

a. -25 b. 25 c. 1 d. 0

15. Determine the product of the roots of the quadratic equation whose roots are
2/3 and -1/3.
a. -2/9 b. -2/6 c. 2/9 d. 1/3

Additional Activities

Let us reinforce the skills/knowledge that you have gained from this lesson by doing
the next activity.

Activity No. 7: Make A Scrap Book!

Draw a picture that shows the relationship of the sum and the product of the
roots of quadratic equation with the values of a, b, and c of the formulated equation in
real-life situation.

10