Unit 3 Physics Test
Chapter 10: Light and Reflection (pgs. 403-445)
Definitions
Fluorescence: light that is emitted due to exposure to ultraviolent light
Incandescence: light that is emitted due to high temperatures
Bioluminescence: light that is produced due to a biochemical reaction in organisms
Chemiluminescence: light that is produced due to a chemical reaction
Triboluminescence: producing light from friction
Phosphorescence: light that is emitted due to exposure of the source to ultraviolent light
Wavelength: waves of light traveling through a vacuum
LED: electroluminescent light source made out of a material called a semiconductor
Reflection: the change in direction of a light ray
Medium: the substance through which light travels
Incident Ray: the ray that hits the reflecting surface
Reflected Ray: the ray that bounces off the reflecting surface
Angle of Incidence: the angle between the incident ray and the normal
Angle of Reflection: the angle between the reflected ray and the normal
Virtual Image: an image behind a mirror and in front of a lens
Real Image: an image in front of a mirror and behind a lens
Concave Mirror: a mirror whose surface curves inward (converging)
Convex Mirror: a mirror whose surface curves outward (diverging)
Principal Axis: a line that passes through “c” and is normal to the centre of the mail
Focal Point: a point on the principal axis that the rays reflect through
Focal Length: the distance between the focal point and vertex
Magnification: how big/small an object reflected
Spherical Aberration: when rays hit a mirror not straight on, and cannot form a clear image
Centre of Curvature: where all the normal meet
Short Answers
What are the two laws of reflection?
- The angle of incidence and angle of reflection are always equal
- The reflected ray, incident ray, and normal are always in the same medium
List the 4 Characteristics of the images formed in a plane mirror
- L: location (closer, farther)
- O: orientation (inverted. Upright)
- S: size (smaller, larger)
- T: type (real, virtual)
Uses for Convex and Concave Mirrors
- Concave mirrors are used to collect light and bring it to a single point
- Used in telescopes, flashlights, car headlights, and dental examination
- Convex mirrors are used to show more space
- Used as security mirrors in stores. Used in vehicles, and used by police to check cars
Chapter 11: Refraction
Definitions
Refraction: the bending of light
Refracted Ray: the ray that goes partially through a different medium and bends
Angle of Refraction: the angle between the refracted ray and the normal
Index of Refraction: the ratio of the speed of light in the vacuum to that in any medium
Dispersion:
Critical Angle: when the angle of incidence cause the angle of refraction to be 90
Total Internal Reflection: when the angle of incidence causes the angle of refraction to be more
than 90
Shimmering: the apparent movement of objects in hot air over surfaces
Mirage: an optical effect due to light going through different temperatures in mediums
Sundogs: bright spots on either side of the sun
Short Answer
Why does light bend when it enters water?
- Cause the medium is changing density
What is the speed of light in the vacuum? What is the index of Refraction?
- 3 million
- 1 exactly
The Way Light Bends
- From more to less in bends away
- From less to more it bends towards
What happens to light as it passes the critical angle
- The light goes back into the original medium
- Total internal reflection occurs
Uses for Optic Fibres. Which has the greatest benefit?
- Fibre optics have been used for phone convos, tv signals, data, and medical technologies
- One of the greatest benefits is the medical technologies made from this product
What atmospheric conditions are necessary for sundogs to occur?
- Cold, clear, sunny morning
- Ice crystals must be refracting the sunlight
Chapter 12: Lenses and Lens Technology
Definitions
Lens: a transparent object with at least one curves side for light to reflect
Converging lens: bring parallel light towards each other (converge)
Diverging lens: bring parallel light away from each other (diverge)
Chromatic Aberration: a colour distortion, creating unwanted colour in images
Vertical Axis: splits the lens in half
Objective Lens: where light enters the telescope
Eyepiece: how the observer views an object through a microscope
Cornea: tissue that forms a transparent curved structure in front of the eye
Retina: a layer of rod and cone cells that initiate nerve impulses
Myopia: eyes cannot focus on distant objects
Hyperopia: cannot focus on close up objects
Presbyopia: lenses become stiff, usually due to aging
Astigmatism: blurred or distorted vision because of incorrectly shaped cornea
Short Answers
Why do lenses have two focal points?
- Cause lenses can reflect from both sides
What happens to light rays as they exit a converging and diverging lens?
- They go back to parallel lines
