SESSION 2: VOCABULARY CHECK

I. VOCABULARY CHECK

TASK 1: Read text A and complete the task that follows

TASK 2: Choose the best words to complete the sentences

TASK 3: Decide whether the following sentences are TRUE or FALSE

TRUE FALSE
1. A close-knit family is one where members are emotionally
supportive and spend a lot of time together.
2. Parenting style refers to the specific methods used by teachers
to manage their classrooms.
3. Household chores are tasks like cleaning, cooking, and laundry
that are typically shared among family members.
4. Spousal support is only required in cases where one partner is
financially dependent on the other during the marriage.
5. Marital status indicates whether a person is single, married,
divorced, or widowed.

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 6. Shared custody is an arrangement where both parents are
involved in making important decisions about their child’s
upbringing.
7. Extended family refers only to grandparents living with their
grandchildren.
8. In-laws are the relatives of one's spouse, including parents,
siblings, and extended family members.
9. Nuclear family refers to a family structure that includes multiple
generations living together under one roof.
10. Lifelong bond is often used to describe a deep connection that
lasts between friends throughout their lives.

TASK 4: Complete the sentences with the words/phrases in the box below. There
are more words/phrases than needed so you will not use all of them.

by blood tie the knot estranged relationship take after

Birth order single-parent household at odds with
estranged relationship Supporting a family blood is thicker than water
dysfunctional family sibling rivalry marital bliss relationship

1. Despite their frequent _____________________, the siblings always come together

during family emergencies.
2. They decided to _____________________ after realizing how well they connected
during their first meeting.
3. The _____________________ between the parents and their children became strained
after the divorce.
4. It’s important for every child to _____________________ the people they can look up
to, whether it's their parents or other family members.
5. _____________________ can sometimes create tension among siblings, especially
when one child feels less favored.
6. The couple enjoyed a period of _____________________ before financial difficulties
began to strain their relationship.
7. Raising a child in a _____________________ household often means balancing
responsibilities between work and family life.
8. They have an _____________________, rarely speaking to each other after the fallout
years ago.
9. _____________________ involves not just providing for the family financially but also
offering emotional support and guidance.
10. She always believed that _____________________ and would prioritize her family
over everything else.

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SPEAKING PART 2
TASK 1: Describe one of your family members you spend the most time with
You should say:
Who this person is?
When are you usually together?
What do you do together?
And explain why you spend most time with this member of your family?

Listen to the sample answer and complete the note with the words/phrases you hear
from the recording.

The person I’m closest to and also the person I (1) _____________________ with in my family is
my little brother. My little brother is 18 right now and he is a sophomore at university. Basically
we (2)______________ together. We went to the same primary school, secondary school, high
school and even the same university.

When we were little, we had a lot of (3)_________________ going on between us, because we had
very contrasting temperaments, and plus he was very stubborn back then. He never
(4)___________________ anything. However, as we grew up, we got a chance to talk more, and
to understand more about each other, and we did a lot of stuff together as well. So I think there
is a (5)______________ going on between us. And now we are living together in a small apartment
in Hanoi. So since I have to be out to work all day, he is the one who cooks dinner for the whole
family. This is the thing I thought he would never do. (6)______________, he can be quite, you
know, caring, considerate of the people around him. And whenever I have something difficult
or I have a problem, he is always the first person that I turn to to share. And normally on the
weekends, we often watch Netflix together, or maybe do some (7)___________, and end up
having great meals in our favourite restaurant. One thing…There is one more thing about my
little brother – that’s he is such a talented painter. I once had a chance to (8)______________ of
his sketchbook, and I was really amazed, and astonished by his paintings. They are very
beautiful.

About my brother, to be honest, he is not a flawless person. He can be annoying

(9)______________, but I think he is a person who has a strong (10)___________________, and he
takes really good care of me. I can’t say how thankful I am for him being with me right now.

TASK 2: Describe a couple you know who have a happy marriage

You should say:
Who they are
How you know them
What they usually do together
And how you feel about their marriage.

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Complete the sample answer with the words/phrases provided. There are more
words/phrases than needed so you will not use all of them.

nine-to-five tiffs mutual understanding retired

thick and thin a doubt long-lasting in their 60s
perfect match give in flesh and blood tie the knot

Well, I would like to talk about my own parents whose marriage is, without (1)_______________,
a happy one. They have been married for 30 years now and are the perfect couple in my eyes.

Well, my mother and father are now (2)_______________ and they are still really busy with
their (3)_______________ jobs in a government office, but I think that both of them are going
to retire later this year. During 30 years of marriage, my parents have been through
(4)_______________ together but have never lost their love for each other. My parents usually
just show their affection simply by always being honest with each other and sharing their true
feelings. Their (5)_______________ for each other is so profound that sometimes it only takes
one look to realise what the other is thinking.

Of course, they still have minor (6)_______________ every now and then, you know, things like
who will have to pick up the kids or who gets the TV remote. However, my dad is always the first
one to (7)_______________ and turn to comfort my mother. I think little actions like these are
actually the key to my parents’ long-lasting relationship.

To me, mom and dad are a (8)_______________ and I admire their love for each other so much.
Hopefully, in the future, I will have a partner who cares for me as much as my parents care for
each other.

PRACTICE

1. Describe a family member who has influenced you.

• You should say:

o Who this person is
o How they have influenced you
o What qualities you admire in them
o And explain how they have impacted your life.

2. Describe a family member you admire.

• You should say:
o Who this person is
o What their role is in the family
o What you admire about them
o And explain how they have influenced you or your family.

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II. SPEAKING PART 3

Read the sample answers to the two speaking part 3 questions. Fill in the blank with
ONE suitable word.

1. Is family important in your country?

Well, people in my country believe that family comes (1)____________ and they put their
family (2)_____________ of anything else. They would do anything for the family and I am
proud that family (3)______________ in my country is quite strong.

2. How has the size of the family changed in the last few decades in your country?
From my (4)______________, I can say that my grandfather had an (5)______________
family and people at that time used to live together with close relatives. As far as I have
heard, their forefathers also lived in a joint family and the number of family members was
sometimes more than twenty. However, the trend of living in an extended family has
changed remarkably in cities where most of the families are (6)______________. The
villages in my country still have large families who live together but the number is shrinking
day (7)________ day.

USEFUL EXPRESSIONS

SPEAKING PRACTICE
In pairs, ask and answer the following questions.

STUDENT A
1. What role do grandparents have in the family in your country?
2. What do you think about single-parent families?
3. Should husbands and wives have different roles within the family? Why (not)?
4. Which are more important to you: your family or your friends?

ST U D E N T B
1 . I n w h a t w a y s h a v e f a m i l i e s i n y o u r co u nt r y c h a n g e d i n r e c e nt y e a r s ?
2. How do you think the family will change in the future?
3 . W h o d o y o u t h i n k s h o u l d b e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e c a r e o f t h e e l d e r l y, t h e
f a m i l y o r t h e g o v e r n m e nt ?
4 . W hy i s t h e n u m b e r o f j o i nt f a m i l i e s d e c r e a s i n g i n m o d e r n t i m e s ?
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HOME PRACTICE
1. Changing Family Structures
• How has the structure of the family changed in your country over the past few
decades?
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in an extended family
compared to a nuclear family?
• In what ways do you think family roles have evolved with modern society?
2. The Role of Parents
• How important is the role of parents in a child’s development?
• Should parents be stricter or more lenient when raising children? Why?
• How can parents balance work and family responsibilities in today’s busy world?
3. Relationships Between Family Members
• Why do some siblings have strong bonds while others do not?
• How important is communication in maintaining good relationships within a family?
• Do you think it’s possible to resolve conflicts within a family without external help?
Why or why not?
4. The Importance of Family Ties
• How important is it for people to maintain close ties with their extended family?
• In your opinion, what are the key factors that contribute to a close-knit family?
• How do family traditions contribute to the strength of family bonds?
5. Generational Differences
• What are some common misunderstandings between different generations within a
family?
• How can the older generation influence the values and behaviors of younger family
members?
• In your opinion, do generational differences pose a challenge to family harmony?
Why or why not?
6. Marriage and Relationships
• How do you think the concept of marriage has changed in recent years?
• Do you believe that the institution of marriage is still relevant in today’s society?
Why or why not?
7. Family Responsibilities
• Who do you think should be responsible for taking care of elderly family members?
• How do families usually share responsibilities like household chores and financial
obligations?
• What role does mutual respect play in managing family responsibilities?
8. Impact of Technology on Family Relationships
• How has technology affected the way family members interact with each other?
• Do you think social media has a positive or negative impact on family relationships?
Why?
• In what ways can technology be used to strengthen family bonds?

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 SESSION 2: DESCRIBING A STATIC CHART (CONT)
The chart below gives information about the ratio of income to spending (in dollars) by
Americans by age range in 2013.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make
comparisons where relevant.

The bar chart compares how much Americans spent (1)_____________ how much they earned in
2013, by age group.

From an (2)________ perspective, Americans aged from 35 to 64 both earned and spent the most
(3) ________ to other groups in 2013. It was also noticeable that except for the under-25 and over-
75 age group, income generated by all other groups was (4) ________ than their spending.

Those under 25 and over 75 spent (5) ________ more than they earned. In (6) ________, Americans
between the ages of 25 and 64 earned 10,000 to 20,000 dollars more than they spent. This
difference shrank in the 65-74 age group, where (7) ________ was just a few thousand dollars less
than income.

In terms of actual numbers, those under 25 or over 75 earned and spent around 30,000 and
35,000 dollars (8) ________. 25-34 year-olds and 65-74 year-olds both earned in the (9) ________
and spent in the 40,000s. For those between the ages of 35 and 64, income was 70,000-80,000
dollars, and spending (10) ________ from roughly 55 to 60 thousand.

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SAMPLE 1: GIVE THE CORRECT FORMS OF THE WORDS IN
BRACKET
The graph below shows female unemployment rates in each country of the United
Kingdom in 2013 and 2014.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.
You should write at least 150 words.

Female unemployment rates in the four countries of the UK

The provided bar chart (1)_____________ (present) information on the unemployment rates
among women in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland for the years 2013 and 2014.

Overall, the percentage of unemployed women was (2) _____________(high) in England and (3)
_____________(low) in Wales in 2013. It is also noticeable that after one year, all countries,
except Scotland, were able to reduce this rate.

As is presented in the bar graph, the female unemployment rate (3) _____________(be) 6.8% in
England in 2013 and that was (4) _____________(high) among the four UK countries. In this year,
the lowest unemployment rate among women was recorded in Wales, at 5.4%. Two other
countries, Scotland and Northern Ireland, (5) _____________(have) a female unemployment
rate of 6.1% and 5.6% (6) _____________(respective).

After one year, the employment situation among females in the given countries improved,
except Scotland where the rate of women without a job (7) _____________(increase) to 6.7%. In
England, Wales and Northern Ireland, the proportions of unemployed women reduced. In 2014,
the (8) _____________(low) unemployment rate was in Northern Ireland (4.6%) while the
(9)_____________(high) rate was in Scotland (6.7%).

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SAMPLE 2: COMPLETE THE SAMPLE WITH ONE SUITABLE WORD
FOR EACH BLANK
The bar chart below shows the participation of children in selected leisure activities in
Australia.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.
You should write at least 150 words.

The given bar chart shows the (1)________________ of boys and girls in the age group of 5 to 14
years who are engaged in various pastime activities.

Overall, it can be seen that (2) ________________ boys than girls in this age group participate in
various leisure activities. It is also noticeable that of all the activities mentioned in the chart,
art and craft are the only activities that (3) ________________ more girls pursuing it than boys.

Looking at the bar chart more closely, we can see that all the boys and girls in this age group
watch television and it is the (4) ________________ popular leisure activity among both genders.
Computer games and bike riding are (5) ________________ popular among boys than girls.
(6)________________ 70% of the boys cycle, only 60% of the girls engage in this activity. As for
computer games, 80% of the boys play them but only 60% of the girls are interested in this
activity.

Skateboarding/rollerblading is (7) ________________ particularly popular among either boys or

girls. While only about 40% of the boys enjoy this activity, less than 30% of the girls find it
interesting. As for art and craft, it is (8) ________________ more popular among girls (60%) than
boys (less than 40%).

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SAMPLE 3
The chart below shows the amount spent on six consumer goods in four European
countries in 2015.

million pounds

The diagram/compare/spending habits/shoppers/six consumer products/ namely/ personal

stereos,/ tennis racquets,/ colognes,/ compact disks,/ toys/ photographic film/Britain,/
France, /Italy/Germany/2015.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Overall/ more money/ spend/ photographic film/toys/ other products. In addition,/ British/be/
biggest/ spender/ all six categories/while/lowest/spending levels/attribute/ residents of
Germany.

________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
It/observed/ British people/ spend/ money/ all listed items/any other countries.// Specifically,/
high/ expenditure/ be/ photographic film,/ more than 170 million pounds.// On the contrary,/
low/ amount/spend/personal stereos/ tennis racquets,/ roughly 155 million pounds,/ though/
this figure/ high/the amounts/ spend/ by the remaining three countries.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

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 The French/ spend/ second/ high/ amount/money/ photographic film, toys and CDs/ while/
they stand/ last/ remaining three products.// It/also/ reveal/ Italians/ spend/ more money/ toys/
any other product (a bit less than £160 million),/but/ they/ also /pay/ huge
amount/photographic film. // Finally,/ Germans /spend/ least overall,/ have/ similar/ spending
figures/ 6 products/ compared/ the chart.

________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

GRAMMAR-FOCUSED WRITING
TASK 1: Analyze the information in the table, then complete the sentences with the
words provided in the box.

While lowest than just under far more

least however nearly the same biggest times more

1. New Zealand consumed the __________________ gas, at approximately 5 million tonnes.

2. The former Soviet Union produced the __________________ amount at 0.4 million tonnes.

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3. The USA was the __________________ consumer and producer of gas, at 600 million tonnes
and 500 respectively.
4. The USA consumed and produced __________________ natural gas than any other country.
5. South Korea consumed 18.9 million tonnes of gas; __________________, it produced none.
6. China’s consumption and production of oil were __________________, at 24.3 and 25.0
million tonnes respectively.
7. The USA, the Former Soviet Union, Japan and South Korea all consumed more gas
__________________ they produced.
8. Australia consumed four __________________ gas than New Zealand.
9. __________________ Zealand produced 5.1 million tonnes of gas, South Korea produced
none.
10. New Zealand consumed __________________ 5 million tonnes of gas.

Task 2: Fill in the gaps in the following sentences using the correct form of the words in
brackets and any other words you need.

1. The total number of hours worked by married women with children is __________________
(great) the total number of hours worked by men.

2. Whilst women aged 45 to 64 may work __________________ (few) hours inside the home than
younger men, overall they work (great) __________________ number of hours per day due to the
extra hours of paid work that they do.

3. Men aged 25 to 44 spend only __________________ (slight/more) time working outside the home
than men aged 45 to 64, but this figure is __________________ (significant/high) the number of
hours of paid work that women of the same age do.

4 Women in the 25 to 44 age group work almost __________________ (many) hours inside the home
as outside, and there is only a slight difference in the 45 to 64 age group.

5 However, men work on average __________________ (three/long) outside the home than inside.

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III. READING COMPREHENSION

READING PASSAGE 1: You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which
are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

Research using twins

To biomedical researchers all over the world, twins offer a precious opportunity to untangle
the influence of genes and the environment – of nature and nurture. Because identical twins
come from a single fertilized egg that splits into two, they share virtually the same genetic
code. Any differences between them -one twin having younger looking skin, for example –
must be due to environmental factors such as less time spent in the sun.

Alternatively, by comparing the experiences of identical twins with those of fraternal twins,
who come from separate eggs and share on average half their DNA, researchers can
quantify the extent to which our genes affect our lives. If identical twins are more similar to
each other with respect to an ailment than fraternal twins are, then vulnerability to the
disease must be rooted at least in part in heredity.

These two lines of research – studying the differences between identical twins to pinpoint
the influence of environment, and comparing identical twins with fraternal ones to measure
the role of inheritance – have been crucial to understanding the interplay of nature and
nurture in determining our personalities, behavior, and vulnerability to disease.

The idea of using twins to measure the influence of heredity dates back to 1875, when the
English scientist Francis Galton first suggested the approach (and coined the phrase ‘nature
and nurture’). But twin studies took a surprising twist in the 1980s, with the arrival of studies
into identical twins who had been separated at birth and reunited as adults. Over two
decades 137 sets of twins eventually visited Thomas Bouchard’s lab in what became known
as the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart. Numerous tests were carried out on the
twins, and they were each asked more than 15,000 questions.

Bouchard and his colleagues used this mountain of data to identify how far twins were
affected by their genetic makeup. The key to their approach was a statistical concept called
heritability. in broad terms, the heritability of a trait measures the extent to which differences
among members of a population can be explained by differences in their genetics. And
wherever Bouchard and other scientists looked, it seemed, they found the invisible hand of
genetic influence helping to shape our lives.

Lately, however, twin studies have helped lead scientists to a radical new conclusion: that
nature and nurture are not the only elemental forces at work. According to a recent field
called epigenetics, there is a third factor also in play, one that in some cases serves as a
bridge between the environment and our genes, and in others operates on its own to shape
who we are.

Epigenetic processes are chemical reactions tied to neither nature nor nurture but
representing what researchers have called a ‘third component’. These reactions influence
how our genetic code is expressed: how each gene is strengthened or weakened, even
turned on or off, to build our bones, brains and all the other parts of our bodies.

If you think of our DNA as an immense piano keyboard and our genes as the keys – each
key symbolizing a segment of DNA responsible for a particular note, or trait, and all the keys
combining to make us who we are – then epigenetic processes determine when and how
each key can be struck, changing the tune being played.
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One way the study of epigenetics is revolutionizing our understanding of biology is by
revealing a mechanism by which the environment directly impacts on genes. Studies of
animals, for example, have shown that when a rat experiences stress during pregnancy, it
can cause epigenetic changes in a fetus that lead to behavioral problems as the rodent
grows up. Other epigenetic processes appear to occur randomly, while others are normal,
such as those that guide embryonic cells as they become heart, brain, or liver cells, for
example.

Geneticist Danielle Reed has worked with many twins over the years and thought deeply
about what twin studies have taught us. ‘It’s very clear when you look at twins that much of
what they share is hardwired,’ she says. ‘Many things about them are absolutely the same
and unalterable. But it’s also clear, when you get to know them, that other things about them
are different. Epigenetics is the origin of a lot of those differences, in my view.’

Reed credits Thomas Bouchard’s work for today’s surge in twin studies. ‘He was the
trailblazer,’ she says. ‘We forget that 50 years ago things like heart disease were thought to
be caused entirely by lifestyle. Schizophrenia was thought to be due to poor mothering. Twin
studies have allowed us to be more reflective about what people are actually born with and
what’s caused by experience.’

Having said that, Reed adds, the latest work in epigenetics promises to take our
understanding even further. ‘What I like to say is that nature writes some things in pencil
and some things in pen,’ she says. ‘Things written in pen you can’t change. That’s DNA. But
things written in pencil you can. That’s epigenetics. Now that we’re actually able to look at
the DNA and see where the pencil writings are, it’s sort of a whole new world.’

Questions 1-4 Do the following statements agree with the information given in
Reading Passage?
In boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
1 There may be genetic causes for the differences in how young the skin of identical
twins looks.
2 Twins are at greater risk of developing certain illnesses than non-twins.
3 Bouchard advertised in newspapers for twins who had been separated at birth.
4 Epigenetic processes are different from both genetic and environmental processes.

Questions 5-9 Look at the following statements (Questions 5-9) and the list of
researchers below.
Match each statement with the correct researcher, A, B or C.
Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 5-9 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
List of Researchers
A Francis Galton
B Thomas Bouchard
C Danielie Reed
5 invented a term used to distinguish two factors affecting human characteristics
6 expressed the view that the study of epigenetics will increase our knowledge
7 developed a mathematical method of measuring genetic influences
8 pioneered research into genetics using twins
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9 carried out research into twins who had lived apart

Questions 10-13 Complete the summary using the list of words, A-F, below.
Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.

Epigenetic processes
In epigenetic processes, 10……………. influence the activity of our genes, for example in
creating our internal 11………….. The study of epigenetic processes is uncovering a way in
which our genes can be affected by our 12……………. One example is that if a pregnant rat
suffers stress, the new-born rat may later show problems in its 13……………….
A nurture B organs C code
D chemicals E environment F behaviour/behavior

READING PASSAGE 2: You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-27, which are
based on Reading Passage 2 below.

All The Ways Women Are Still Pressured To Put Family Before Career

(A) There’s no denying that women around the world have made great strides toward
equality in the past century. One hundred years ago, women in the United States still didn’t
have the right to vote, and very few were allowed to pursue higher education or a meaningful
career outside of their household duties. Fast forward to today, and more than 70 percent
of women between the ages of 20 and 54 are active members of the national workforce. On
top of this, 2015 marked the first year when women were, on average, more likely to have a
bachelor’s degree than men, and this trend is on the rise.

(B) But despite all this newfound opportunity, the prevailing societal attitudes about what
women are historically supposed to value still have a long way to go. That’s why we’ve
partnered with SK-II to learn more about all of the ways women are still pressured to stick
to outdated gender norms. “Women have won unprecedented rights thanks to the feminist
movement, but as a society, we still expect women to prioritize family over career, or even
over their own needs,” says Silvia Dutchevici, president and founder of the Critical Therapy
Center in New York City. Dutchevici says many women feel pressure to “have it all,” meaning
both a thriving career and the perfect family, but that can be very difficult to achieve.

(C) “Most women try to balance work and family,” Dutchevici says, “but that balance is
seldom equal.” In fact, she says working mothers ― even those with partners ― often find
themselves essentially working two full-time jobs: keeping their career together while doing
the brunt of housework, cooking and child-rearing. This happens for a variety of reasons,
but societal expectations about the roles of women and men at home are still very much to
blame, says Tamra Lashchyk, a Wall Street executive, business coach and author of the
book “Lose the Gum: A Survival Guide to Women on Wall Street.”
(D) “No matter how successful she is, the burden of running a household still falls on the
woman’s shoulders,” Lashchyk says. “Men get more of a pass when it comes to these duties,
especially those that involve children.” Lashchyk says much of this pressure on women to
conform to a more domestic lifestyle comes from friends and family.

(E) “In many people’s minds, a woman’s career success pales in comparison to having a
family,” she says. “Especially if the woman is single, no matter how great her professional
achievements, almost every single one of her conversations with her family will include
questions about her romantic life or lack thereof. I could literally tell my family I’d cured
cancer and the conversation would still end with, ‘But are you dating anyone?’” While covert
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societal expectations might contribute to some of this inequality, workplace policies on
maternity and paternity leave can hold a lot of the blame.

(F) “Unfortunately, many workplace policies regarding taking time off to care for family do
not the changing times,” Dutchevici says. “Both men and women suffer in their careers when
they prioritize family, but women carry far harsher punishments. Their choice to take time
off and start a family can result in lower pay, and fewer promotions in the future. The right
to family leave is not a woman’s issue, it is a society’s issue, a family’s issue.” Lashchyk
agrees with this sentiment. “There should be more flexibility and benefits [in the workplace],
like longer periods of time for paternity leave….If paternity leave was extended, men could
share a greater responsibility in child care, and they could also spend more time bonding
with their infant children, which is beneficial for the entire family.

(G) Another less visible way the modern workplace forces women to choose family over
career has to do with the fact that women are pushing back pregnancy, says Jeni
Mayorskaya, a fertility expert and CEO of Stork Club, an online community for women
dedicated to fertility issues. “Compared to our parents, our generation is having children a
decade later,” Mayorskaya says. “Unfortunately, when we hit our mid-30s and we’re finally
ready for that managing position or that title of a partner at a firm we fought so hard for, we
have to think about putting our career on pause and becoming a mom.”

(H) So what can women do to combat these societal pressures? Finding workplaces that
offer flexible schedules, work-at-home opportunities and ample maternity and paternity
leave is a good first step, but Dr. Neeta Bhushan, an emotional intelligence advocate and
author, says women should also learn to put themselves first. “The first step is being mindful
of your emotional health in your relationships with others and the relationship you have with
yourself,“ Bhushan says. “When you put yourself first, you are able to make a bigger impact
on your community. This is different than being selfish ― think beyond you. You want to
make sure that you are being taken care of so that you can take care of others.”

Questions 14-21 Reading Passage 2 has eight paragraphs, A-H.

Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 14-21 on your answer sheet.

14. Two "jobs" that women essentially do

15. Question about dating
16. Delaying pregnancy
17. The first year, when women are more likely to have bachelor's a degree
18. The reasons to put yourself first
19. The source of conformation to domestic lifestyle
20. Our expectancy over women's prioritization
21. Pros of extended paternity

Questions 22-26 Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write the correct letter in boxes
22-26 on your answer sheet.

22. One hundred years ago, women in USA:

A. had no rights.
B. were not allowed to pursue higher education.
C. couldn't vote.
D. were members of the national workforce.

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23. According to Silvia Dutchevici:
A. feminist movement has more disadvantages than advantages.
B. now we expect women to prioritize career over family.
C. now we expect women to prioritize their own needs over family.
D. women rarely achieve an equal balance between family and work.
24. Tamra Lashchyk, a Wall Street executive, says that
A. most women are still responsible for house duties.
B. men don't really need to do any housework.
C. it's more important for a woman to have a career than a family.
D. both A and B.
25. Lashchyk agrees with Dutchevici on
A. women's rights and feminism.
B. the fact that the right to family leave is a society’s issue.
C. the state of women's rights in America.
D. the reason why women want to pursue their careers.
26. Jeni Mayorskaya says that
A. nowadays women give birth later than they used to.
B. now women don't push pregnancy back.
C. when women are in their 30s, they have to think about putting their careers on
pause to become mothers.
D. Both A and C.

READING PASSAGE 3: You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-

40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.

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Questions 27–31: Complete the sentences below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

27. One characteristic of ______________ is possessiveness over children.

28. Familial and kinship well-being comes before personal ______________.
29. In African society, older people are respected because they are the guardians of
______________.
30. Despite the many positive associations connected with old age, it has particular
______________ attached to it.
31. When counselling, an elder has to be ______________ and ______________.

Questions 32–35 The Reading Passage has six paragraphs, A–F.

Which paragraph contains the following information?
NB You may use any letter more than once.
32. a series of steps involved in developing kinship ties throughout life

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 33. the reason behind endeavours to look after older members of society
34. the role played by the wider family in the event of misfortune
35. the fact that well-raised children were considered beneficial in traditional society

Questions 36–40 Choose FIVE letters, A–H.

Which FIVE of the following statements are true of the male elder within a family?

A. He gives advice on how land is distributed among family members.

B. He is responsible for increasing the wealth of the family.
C. He hands over control to the next head of the family.
D. He advises family members on career choices.
E. He connects the living with their ancestors.
F. He makes sure family members follow customs.
G. He trains family members in the ways of the society.
H. He assigns roles to the various family members according to ability.

IV. VOCABULARY

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V. LISTENING COMPREHENSION

SECTION 1

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SECTION 2

Questions 11 – 14 Choose TWO letters, A-E.

Which TWO facts are given about the school’s extended hours childcare service?
A It started recently.
B More children attend after school than before school.
C An average of 50 children attend in the mornings.
D A child cannot attend both the before and after school sessions.
E The maximum number of children who can attend is 70.

Questions 13-15
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.
13 How much does childcare cost for a complete afternoon session per child?
A £3.50
B £5.70
C £7.20
14 What does the manager say about food?
A Children with allergies should bring their own food.
B Children may bring healthy snacks with them.
C Children are given a proper meal at 5 p.m.
15 What is different about arrangements in the school holidays?
A Children from other schools can attend.
B Older children can attend.
C A greater number of children can attend.

Questions 16-20
What information is given about each of the following activities on offer?
Choose FIVE answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-G, next to Questions 16-
20.
Information
A has limited availability
B is no longer available
C is for over 8s only
D requires help from parents
E involves an additional fee
F is a new activity
G was requested by children

Activities
16 Spanish ………………
17 Music ………………
18 Painting ………………
19 Yoga ………………
20 Cooking ………………

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SECTION 3

Questions 21 – 26 What did findings of previous research claim about the personality
traits a child is likely to have because of their position in the family?

Choose SIX answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-H, next to Questions 21-
26

Personality Traits
A outgoing
B selfish
C independent
D attention-seeking
E introverted
F co-operative
G caring
H competitive
Position in family
21 the eldest child ………….
22 a middle child ………….
23 the youngest child ………….
24 a twin ………….
25 an only child ………….
26 a child with much older siblings ………….

Questions 27 and 28 Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

27 What do the speakers say about the evidence relating to birth order and academic
success?
A There is conflicting evidence about whether oldest children perform best in
intelligence tests.
B There is little doubt that birth order has less influence on academic achievement
than socio-economic status.
C Some studies have neglected to include important factors such as family size.
28 What does Ruth think is surprising about the difference in oldest children’s academic
performance?
A It is mainly thanks to their roles as teachers for their younger siblings.
B The advantages they have only lead to a slightly higher level of achievement.
C The extra parental attention they receive at a young age makes little difference.

Questions 29 and 30 Choose TWO letters, A-E.

Which TWO experiences of sibling rivalry do the speakers agree has been valuable for
them?
A learning to share
B learning to stand up for oneself
C learning to be a good loser
D learning to be tolerant
E learning to say sorry

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SECTION 4

Questions 31-35 Write one word only for each answer.

Time Perspectives

Time
Outlook Features & Consequences
Zone

Remember good time, e.g. birthdays. Keep

Past Positive
family records, photo albums, etc.

Focus on disappointments, failures, bad

31…………
decisions.

Live for 32…………; seek sensation; avoid

Present Hedonistic
pain.

Life is governed by 33…………, religious

Fatalistic beliefs, social
conditions. Life’s path can’t be changed.

Future 34………… Prefer work to play. Don’t give in to temptation.

Have a strong belief in life after death and

Fatalistic
importance of 35………… in life.

Questions 36-40 Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

36 We are all present hedonists
A at school.
B at birth.
C while eating and drinking.
37 American boys drop out of school at a higher rate than girls because
A they need to be in control of the way they learn.
B they play video games instead of doing school work.
C they are not as intelligent as girls.
38 Present-orientated children
A do not realise present actions can have negative future effects.
B are unable to learn lessons from past mistakes.
C know what could happen if they do something bad, but do it anyway.
39 If Americans had an extra day per week, they would spend it
A working harder.
B building relationships.
C sharing family meals.
40 Understanding how people think about time can help us
A become more virtuous.
B work together better.
C identify careless or ambitious people.

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