Introduction to
Mathematics
Mathematics is the study of numbers, shapes, and patterns. It provides a
framework for understanding the world around us.
by Zain abdullah
Number Systems
Number systems are ways to represent quantities. Common examples include the decimal system (base 10) and the binary system
(base 2).
Decimal System Binary System Other Systems
Based on ten digits (0-9) and powers of Based on two digits (0 and 1). Used in Includes Roman numerals, Babylonian
ten. Used in everyday life. computers. system, and Mayan system.
Algebra
Algebra deals with variables and symbols. It allows us to solve equations and
represent relationships between quantities.
1 Equations 2 Expressions
Statements of equality that Combinations of variables,
involve variables. constants, and operations.
3 Functions 4 Solving for Unknowns
Relationships that map inputs Using algebraic techniques to
to outputs. find the values of variables.
Geometry
Geometry is the study of shapes, sizes, and positions of objects in space.
Euclidean Geometry Non-Euclidean
Deals with points, lines, planes, Geometry
and solids. Explores geometries that deviate
from Euclid's axioms.
Analytical Geometry Trigonometry
Combines algebra and geometry Relates angles and sides of
to study geometric objects using triangles.
equations.
Trigonometry
Trigonometry deals with relationships between angles and sides of triangles. It
finds applications in surveying, navigation, and engineering.
1 Sine
Ratio of opposite side to hypotenuse.
2 Cosine
Ratio of adjacent side to hypotenuse.
3 Tangent
Ratio of opposite side to adjacent side.
Calculus
Calculus is a branch of mathematics that deals with rates of change and accumulation.
1 2 3
Differential Calculus Integral Calculus Applications
Focuses on finding rates of change. Focuses on finding areas and volumes. Used in physics, economics, and
engineering.
Statistics and Probability
Statistics and probability deal with collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data.
Data Collection Data Analysis Probability Theory Statistical Inference
Gathering information from Using statistical methods to Predicting the likelihood of Drawing conclusions about
various sources. summarize and interpret data. events occurring. populations based on samples.
Discrete Mathematics
Discrete mathematics deals with finite or countable objects, often involving graphs, sets, and algorithms.
Graphs Represent relationships between objects.
Sets Collections of distinct objects.
Algorithms Step-by-step procedures for solving problems.
Applications of Mathematics
Mathematics has broad applications in various fields.
Computer Science Science Finance
Mathematics is essential for algorithms, Mathematics is used to model physical Mathematics is used in financial modeling,
cryptography, and data structures. phenomena and analyze data. risk assessment, and investment analysis.
Careers in Mathematics
Mathematics offers a wide range of career paths.
1 Mathematician 2 Statistician
Conduct research, develop Analyze data, interpret results,
new theories, and solve and make predictions.
mathematical problems.
3 Data Scientist 4 Actuary
Extract insights from data, Assess and manage risk in
develop algorithms, and build insurance and financial
predictive models. industries.
