LOAD BALANCING METHOD (LBM)

A concept to visualize prestressing primarily as an attempt to balance the loads on a member.

This concept was essentially develop by the authors using the unbalance condition at loads.

Consider Parabolic Tendon

ωT
Δω(x)
ΣFy = 0 tan θ =
P P H
Δω Psin θ = Δω(x) Δω(x)
y′ =
θ θ
e Py = Δω(x) H

X = L/2 dy Δω(x)
=
dx H
Psin θ ΣFx = 0
P Pcos θ = H Δω(x)
Pcos θ dy = dx
since θ = small (neglect) H

P=H y Px = H
Δω x2
y=
H 2
Δω
x
LOAD BALANCING METHOD (LBM)
A concept to visualize prestressing primarily as an attempt to balance the loads on a member.
This concept was essentially develop by the authors using the balance condition at loads.

Consider Parabolic Tendon

ωT

L
Δω at x = ;y=e
P P tan θ = 2
H
θ Δω θ
e L 2
Δω x2 Δω ( 2 )
y= e=
H 2 H 2
X = L/2
Psin θ Δω L2
e=
P 8
P
Pcos θ 8Pe (unbalanced unit
Δω =
P=H y L2 weight)

x
Δω
LOAD BALANCING METHOD (LBM)
A concept to visualize prestressing primarily as an attempt to balance the loads on a member.
This concept was essentially develop by the authors using the balance condition at loads.

Consider Parabolic Tendon

ωT
ωnet = Δω − ωT
P P
θ Δω θ
(+)T
e
(-)C

X = L/2 if ωnet is positive

Psin θ
P
Pcos θ
if ωnet is negative
y
P=H
(-)C
(+)T
Δω
x
Simple Beams Carrying Concentrated Loads

Consider Singly-Harped/Bent-Up Tendon

F
�� = 0

P P
� − 2����� = 0
θ θ
e
� = ������ (unbalanced
�
X = L/2 = ��( � ) load)
V �

Psinθ Psinθ Pnet = V − F

P P
θ θ
P
�= net L
�

V
PROBLEM
Calculate for the top and bottom stress felt by the prestressed concrete beam under initial and
final state at midspan section. Deadload= 24.8kN/m, Liveload= 11.4kN/m, P=1950kN, %loss=8%

P P
Weight of beam:
γcr γcr
e = 175mm sg = ; 2.4 = γcr = 23.544 kN/m3
γw 9.81

L = 10m wb = γcr A = 23.544(0.5)(0.8) = 9.418 kN/m

For initial state(beam weight only):
for parabolic tendon; ωnet = Δω - ωT
8Pe ωnet = 27.300 − 9.418
Δω =
L2 ωnet = 17.882kN/m
8(1950)(0.175)
Δω =
(10)2 (+)T
(-)C
Δω = 27.300kN/m
PROBLEM
Calculate for the top and bottom stress felt by the prestressed concrete beam under initial and
final state at midspan section. Deadload= 24.8kN/m, Live load= 11.4kN/m, P=1950kN, %loss=8%

ωnet L2 17.882(10)2 = 223.525 kN.m if ωnet is positive

M= =
8 8
(+)T

−P MC (-)C
+
A I
(-) (+)

+ − P MC
e ftop =
A
+
I
P (-) (-) −P 6M
ftop = +
−P MC A bd2
−
A I
−1950x103 6(223.525x106)
ftop = +
500(800) 500(8002)

ftop = −0.684MPa (Compression)

PROBLEM
Calculate for the top and bottom stress felt by the prestressed concrete beam under initial and
final state at midspan section. Deadload= 24.8kN/m, Live load= 11.4kN/m, P=1950kN, %loss=8%

ωnet L2 17.882(10)2
M= = = 223.525 kN.m if ωnet is positive
8 8
(+)T
−P MC (-)C
+
A I
(-) (+)

e + −P MC
fbot = −
P (-) (-) A I
−P MC −P 6M
− fbot = −
A I A bd2
−1950x103 6(223.525x106)
Bending of fbot = −
Axial
prestressing
500(800) 500(8002)
force
force and
loadings fbot = − 9.066MPa (Compression)
For final state (including losses on force and all sources of load)
WDL =24.8kN/m WLL =11.4kN/m

wT = wb + wDL + wLL
P
P wT = 9.418 + 24.8+11.4
e wT = 45.618 kN/m

L=10m
ωnet = Δω- ωT
Pf = P(1−%loss) for parabolic tendon;
ωnet = 25.116 - 45.618
Pf = 1950(1−0.08) 8Pe
Δω = ωnet = − 20.502 kN/m
L2
Pf = 1794kN
8(1794)(0.175)
Δω =
(10)2
(-)C
Δω = 25.116kN/m (+)T
PROBLEM
Calculate for the top and bottom stress felt by the prestressed concrete beam under initial
and final state at midspan section. Deadload= 24.8kN/m, Liveload= 11.4kN/m, P=1950kN,
%loss=8%
ωnet L2 20.502(10)2 if ωnet is negative
M= = =256.286kN.m
8 8

−P MC (-)C
−
A I (+)T
(-)
(-)

−P MC
+ ftop = −
A I
e
P (-) −P 6M
(+)
ftop = −
A bd2
−P MC
+ −1794x103 6(256.286x106)
A I ftop = −
500(800) 500(8002)

ftop = −9.290MPa (Compression)

PROBLEM
Calculate for the top and bottom stress felt by the prestressed concrete beam under initial
and final state at midspan section. Deadload= 24.8kN/m, Liveload= 11.4kN/m, P=1950kN,
%loss=8%
ωnet L2 20.502(10)2 if ωnet is negative
M= = = 256.286 kN.m
8 8
−P −
A MC (-)C
(-) I
(-)
(+)T

+ −P MC
fbot = +
e A I
P (-) (+)
−P 6M
fbot = +
−P MC A bd2
+
A I
−1794x103 6(256.286x106)
fbot = +
500(800) 500(8002)

ftop = +0.320MPa (Tension)