SCIENCE 8

Name: ___________________________ Learning Module 3

Gr.& Section: _____________________
Getting Some Work Out of Physics
FIRST QUARTER
What is this module all about?
A babysitter taking care of a child, a driver fetching you from the mall, a secretary typing letters, and a
construction worker building a house is said to be doing their work. What activities can you associate with
work? Can you imagine performing work without exerting energy? Does it make your work easier, perfect, or
not? Whatever its meaning in daily life, work has a precise meaning in physics; and energy is always applied.
Work is not just work; it needs a lot of energy! By completing this module, you will be able to know energy,
the kinds of energy and the factors that affect the energy.
The following topics are included in this module:
1. potential and kinetic energy, and
2. factors that affect potential and kinetic energy

What are you going to learn?

In this module, you are expected to meet the following competencies:
1. differentiate potential and kinetic energy; and
2. identify and explain the factors that affect potential and kinetic energy.

Pre-Test:
Before we proceed with the lesson, let us first test what you know so far about the topic in this
module. Please read the directions carefully and answer the test below.
Directions: Read each question carefully and encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following is a factor for work to be done?
A. energy B. force C. power D. work
2. Which of the following does a moving object possess?
A. kinetic energy C. potential energy
B. magnetic energy D. work done
3. Which of the following is true about energy?
A. Energy can be created or destroyed. C. Energy can be destroyed or transferred.
B. Energy can be created or transferred. D. Energy can be converted or transferred.
4. When a person is playing jumping rope, where does he experience the most potential energy?
A. in the middle of his jump
B. at the top left before he goes up
C. at the bottom when he bends his knees
D. at the top right before he goes down again
5. When a person is sledding down a hill, at what point is kinetic energy the highest?
A. at the very top of the hill C. in the middle of his sledding
B. once he stopped D. at the bottom when he bent his knee.

Refer to the Answer Key on the last page of this module to check your answers.

Day 1: Energy (Synchronous Session)

Why do you think there are times when we feel so energized and at times so tired? Can you imagine
how a construction worker builds your house for months or years or how farmers plant rice in the field? This

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is because of the energy we all have. Upon waking up, we need energy—energy to be used in our daily
activities, especially in working. Energy is everywhere and almost everything has energy. Working to earn
money also requires a lot of energy. In physics, however, work requires not only force but also direction. To
perform work, we need energy.

Concept Notes
Energy is usually classified into two main forms potential energy and kinetic energy.
• Potential Energy is known as stored energy.
• Kinetic Energy is energy is possessed by bodies in motion.

Some examples of kinetic and potential energy:

POTENTIAL ENERGY KINETIC ENERGY
A car sitting in the driveway A car driving down the street
A ball in a basketball player’s hands A ball bouncing down the court
A sleeping child A child jumping on the bed
A log in a fireplace A burning log
A lamp A lamp turned on
Source: https://www.education.com/lesson-plan/potential-and-kinetic-energy/

Exercise no. 3.1

Directions: Identify what form of energy is involved in each item. Used the given Code Symbol for each
form of energy. Explain why you say so.
CODE: POTENTIAL ENERGY=  KINETIC ENERGY = 

BATTERIES WINDMILL RUNNING

SLEEPING FAUCET RELEASING WATER

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 Day 2: Potential Energy (Asynchronous Activity)

Did you know that sunlight provides most of the energy on Earth? The light energy from the sun is the
original source of most of the energy found on Earth. For example, the solar energy from the sun, which can
be stored during the day when the sun is present in the sky, can be used in different machines and can be an
alternative source of electricity when there is no power supply.
In all our activities, in every position we assume, or in every movement we make, energy is present.
Energy just changes its form but it is not lost. Let us learn more about it in the next activity.

Activity no. 3.1

Time started: ______

Time finished: ______

To better understand our topic, watch the videos from your flash drive or access the given
links.
1. Gravitational Potential Energy - Introductory Example Problems
Source Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x5JeLiSBqQY&t=136s
2. Elastic Potential Energy - Introductory Example Problems
Source Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ObE7PeWJnY

Concept Notes:
Potential Energy is the energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position, expressed in kg/ 𝑚2 /𝑠 2 or
joules (J).

Two types of Potential energy:

(a.) gravitational: energy due to position that refers to the height of the body with respect to the
reference point.
PE = mgh P.E = Potential Energy = kg/ 𝑚2 /𝑠 2
m = mass = kg
g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2
h = height =m
(b.) elastic: energy due to configuration of spring or rubber band.
𝟏
PE = 𝟐 K𝒙𝟐 P.E = Potential Energy = kg/ 𝑚2 /𝑠 2
K = force / spring constant = N/m
x = distance of elongation =m
or compression of a spring or rubber
Example:
1. A 55,000 kg airplane is flying at an altitude of 12,000 m. What is the potential energy? Can you use
the formula of the gravitational potential energy or the elastic potential energy to compute the potential
energy of the plane? How do you say so?

Given: m: 55,000 kg g: 9.8m/s2 h: 12,000 m

Formula: PE = mgh
Solution: PE = (55,000kg) (9.8m/s2) (12,000m)
Answer: PE = 6,468,000,000J

In indicating the final answer, we use the “J” as a unit of energy. The amount of potential and
kinetic energy is expressed in joules (J). One joule is equal to the work done (or energy expended) by a
force of one newton (N) acting over a distance of one meter (m). One newton is equal to a force that
produces an acceleration of one meter per second (s) on a one-kilogram (kg) mass.
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 2. A rubber band has a “spring constant” of 4.5 N/m is stretched at a distance of 0.7 m. What is its
potential energy?
Given: k: 4.5 N/m x: 0.7 m (distance)
𝟏 𝟐
Formula: PE = 𝟐 K𝒙
𝟏
Solution: PE = 𝟐 (45 N/m)(7.0 m)2
Answer: PE = 1.1025J

Directions: Solve the following problems. Show your complete solution. (5 points each)
1. A 65 kg diver is poised at the edge of a 10.0m platform. Calculate his potential energy relative
to the pool.

2. A 30 kg bag is raised 2.0 meters above the ground. What is its potential energy?

Day 3: Factors Affecting Potential Energy (Synchronous Session)

You are now aware of where your energy comes from. Can you think of other forms of energy that
can be done anywhere? Have you ever wondered why a ball slowly goes up and stops for a while and goes
down faster? In this lesson, you will be able to know more about potential energy, how to solve different
problems related to it, and activities in our daily lives where potential energy is evident.

Concept Notes and Illustrations

Two (2) main things determine the amount of gravitational potential energy an object has. These are:
1. The mass of the object- The more mass an object has, the more gravitational potential energy it will
have if it is given a position with the potential to fall.
2. The distance it is from the surface of the Earth or the height of the object- The farther an object can
fall, the more gravitational potential energy it will have. Another factor that may affect the potential
energy of an object is the gravitational potential energy. This is only applicable to objects located in
outer space, where the acceleration due to gravity is different from that of the Earth.
Source: https://alpine.instructure.com/courses/15160/pages/factors-affecting-gravitational-potential-
energy?module_item_id=94993

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 Two main things determine the amount of elastic potential
energy an object has. Elastic potential energy increases with
the constant of the spring and with the distance stretched.
1. The distance the spring is deformed (stretched or
compressed).
2. The spring constant, which defines the amount of force
required to deform a spring by a certain length (the work
done on the spring).
Source:
https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Elastic_potential_energy

Exercise no. 3.2

Directions: Analyze the given situation below. Explain how you can increase/decrease the potential
energy possessed by the objects. (5 points each)
1. An apple falling from a branch

2. A stretched bow

3. A compressed spring of a dart gun

Day 4: Kinetic Energy (Asynchronous Activity)

What do you do at the very start of the day? As you open your eyes, you move your hands and feet,
jump out of the bed and walk. We are doing things by means of actions, and this is the other form of energy.
How can you distinguish the energy by means of moving? Let us know more about kinetic energy and how
we use it in our everyday living.
Activity no. 3.2

Time started: ______

Time finished: ______

To better understand our topic, please watch the following videos from your flash drive or these links.
1. Kinetic Energy – introductory example problems
Source Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h_Tg-VHUzQA&t=103s
2. Kinetic Energy: Example problems
Source Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fEN_xatwReM
3. Factors Affecting Potential and Kinetic Energy
Source Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3GMkdH8bEW8&t=63s.

Concept Notes:
Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by a body because of its motion.
𝑲.𝑬=1/2 mv𝟐 where m is the mass and v is the velocity.
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 Example:
A cart that weighs 18 kg is rolling down a hill at a velocity of 5.2 m/s. What is the kinetic energy of
the cart?
Given: m: 18kg v: 5.2m/s
Formula: 𝑲.𝑬 = 𝟏/𝟐 mv𝟐
Solution:
𝑲.𝑬 = 𝟏/𝟐 (18kg)(5.2m/s)2
𝑲.𝑬 = 𝟏/𝟐 (18kg)(27.04m2/s2)
𝑲.𝑬 = 𝟏/𝟐 (486.72kg m2/s2)
𝑲.𝑬 = 243.36J
Answer: 𝑲.𝑬 = 243.36J

Two factors affect how much kinetic energy a moving object will
have: mass (m) and speed (v).
Notice in the formula, K.E. = ½ mv2, the speed factor is
squared. This means that if you INCREASE the mass twice, you
will achieve TWICE the energy. If you INCREASE the speed
twice, you will achieve FOUR TIMES as much energy. Speed
increments influence the energy increments twice as much as
mass increments would.
A. Directions: Solve and answer the following. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. (5 points
each)
1. Calculate the kinetic energy of a 1000 kg car traveling at 16.67 m/s.

2. A van has a mass of 3000 kg traveling at 15.96 m/s. What is the kinetic energy of the van?

B. Directions: Analyze the given situation below. Explain how you can increase/decrease the kinetic
energy possessed by the objects. (5 points each)
1. A car moving

2. A girl pulling her cart

3. A man lifting a box to be placed on a table

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 Day 5: Reflective Journal (Synchronous Session)

Directions: Answer the question/s below on a separate sheet of paper.

ENERGY DETECTIVE!
1. List down the different activities that you do upon waking up and until before sleeping. What
forms of energy do you possess in each particular moment? (Maximum of 15 activities)
Example: At exactly 7:00 every morning, I wake up. KINETIC ENERGY.

2. Why do you think it is important for us to possess kinetic and potential energy? Cite particular
examples.

POST-TEST
Let us test what you have learned after accomplishing this module. Read the directions and
answer the test below.
KNOWLEDGE
A. Matching Type: Match the definitions in Column I with the correct terms in Column II. Write the letter
of your answer on the space before each number.
Column I Column II
1. unit of energy and work A. mass
2. energy from machines B. energy
3. ability to do work C. joules
4. energy possessed due to an object’s motion D. kinetic energy
5. energy from the sun E. mechanical energy
6. energy possessed due to an object’s position F. nuclear energy
7. measure of the amount of matter in an object G. potential energy
8. 9.8m/s2 H. speed
9. distance traveled per unit of time I. radiant energy
10. energy from splitting atoms turn a turbine and J. acceleration due to gravity
generate electricity K. spring

B. Multiple Choice. Directions: Read the questions carefully and encircle the letter that corresponds to the
correct answer.
1. Which of the following does the kinetic energy depend on?
A. mass and height C. mass and velocity
B. mass and speed D. mass and weight

2. Which of the following is the energy an object has due to its motion?
A. elastic B. friction C. kinetic D. potential

3. Which of the following is the ability to cause a change in the object’s position?
A. energy B. friction C. kinetic D. potential

For item numbers 4 and 5, show your complete solution on a separate paper. (2 points for the correct
solution)

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 4. A 0.50 kg bird is flying at a constant speed of 7.0 m/s. Which of the following is the bird’s kinetic
energy?
A. 2.0J B. 3.5J C. 4.2J D. 7.5J

5. A cart is loaded with a brick and pulled with a mass of the loaded cart is 5.0 kg and the height of the
the seat top is 0.75 meters, which of the following is the potential energy of the loaded cart at the height
of the seat-top?
A. 36.7J B. 36.9J C. 41.2J D. 52.1J

You are done with Module 3. Congratulations! You made it!

For clarifications, do not hesitate to consult your teacher.

Answer Key

Here are the answers in the pre-test. Please look at this part only after accomplishing the test. Honesty
is STILL the best policy. Please check your answers and determine how much knowledge you have attained.

5. B 4. D 3. D 2. A 1. A

How many items did you get correctly?

Get ready to learn more in the next learning module!

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means without prior written permission of the author.