50 Important Software Testing
Interview Questions For
Experienced
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1.What is Software Testing?
Software testing is the process of evaluating and verifying that a
software application or system meets the specified requirements. It
helps identify defects, ensure quality, and provide confidence that
the product will function as expected.
2. What are the different levels of testing?
Unit Testing: Tests individual units/components of the
software.
Integration Testing: Tests interactions between integrated
units.
System Testing: Validates the entire system as a whole.
Acceptance Testing: Confirms the system meets business
requirements and is ready for delivery.
3. What is the difference between functional and non-functional
testing?
Functional Testing: Validates that the system performs its
required functions.
Non-Functional Testing: Assesses non-functional aspects like
performance, usability, security, and scalability.
4. What is a Test Case?
A test case is a set of conditions or variables used to determine
whether a software system is functioning as expected. It includes
inputs, actions, and expected results.
5. What is a Test Plan?
A test plan is a document that outlines the objectives, scope,
approach, resources, schedule, and activities for testing a software
application.
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6. What is the difference between Verification and Validation?
Verification: Ensures the product is built correctly according to
design and specifications.
Validation: Ensures the product meets the user’s needs and
functions as intended.
7. What is the difference between Test Strategy and Test Plan?
Test Strategy: A high-level document that defines the testing
approach, goals, and guidelines.
Test Plan: A detailed document specifying how, when, and who
will conduct testing based on the test strategy.
8. What are some common software testing techniques?
Black-box testing: Focuses on inputs and outputs without
looking at the internal code.
White-box testing: Examines the internal structure and
workings of the code.
Gray-box testing: Combines both black-box and white-box
testing techniques.
9. What is the purpose of Regression Testing?
Regression testing ensures that recent code changes have not
adversely affected existing functionality.
10. What is User Acceptance Testing (UAT)?
UAT is performed by the end-users to ensure the system meets
their needs and business requirements before going live.
11. What is the difference between Smoke and Sanity Testing?
Smoke Testing: Verifies that the basic functionalities of a build
are working, usually done before accepting a build for further
testing.
Sanity Testing: A quick test to check if specific features are
working after minor changes.
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12. What is Agile Testing?
Agile testing is a continuous process of testing conducted in an
Agile development environment. It emphasizes collaboration
between testing and development teams and testing early and
often.
13. Explain Exploratory Testing.
Exploratory testing is an informal, unscripted testing approach
where testers actively explore the application and design test cases
on the fly.
14. What is End-to-End Testing?
End-to-end testing ensures that the entire flow of an application,
from start to finish, functions as expected in a real-world scenario.
15. What is API Testing?
API testing involves testing application programming interfaces
(APIs) directly to ensure that they meet functionality, reliability,
performance, and security standards.
16. What is Performance Testing?
Performance testing evaluates the speed, responsiveness, and
stability of a system under a given workload.
17. What is Load Testing?
Load testing measures how a system behaves under expected or
peak user loads.
18. What is Stress Testing?
Stress testing evaluates how the system behaves under extreme or
beyond the normal load conditions.
19. What is Security Testing?
Security testing ensures that a system is free from vulnerabilities,
threats, and risks that could allow unauthorized access or data
breaches.
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20. What is Usability Testing?
Usability testing evaluates the user-friendliness and intuitiveness
of the system by testing it with actual users.
21. What are the benefits of automation testing?
Faster execution of repetitive tests.
Increased test coverage.
More reliable and accurate results.
Cost-effective in the long term.
Allows for continuous integration.
22. What types of tests should be automated?
Repetitive tests.
Regression tests.
Load and performance tests.
Data-driven tests.
Tests that are prone to human error.
23. What is the difference between Manual and Automated Testing?
Manual Testing: Performed by human testers, involves
execution of test cases manually.
Automated Testing: Involves using tools and scripts to
automate the execution of test cases.
24. How do you decide which test cases to automate?
High-priority and frequently executed test cases.
Test cases with clear and expected results.
Tests that require a large dataset.
Time-consuming and error-prone tests.
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25. What challenges do you face in test automation?
Test script maintenance.
High initial investment.
Tool selection.
Integration with the development process.
Dynamic elements in the UI.
26. What are some popular automation testing tools?
Selenium: For web automation.
JMeter: For performance testing.
Postman: For API testing.
TestComplete: For functional UI testing.
Appium: For mobile app testing.
27. What is Continuous Integration (CI) in the context of testing?
CI involves automatically running tests whenever new code
changes are integrated into the version control system to identify
issues early.
28. What is Continuous Testing?
Continuous testing is the practice of running automated tests as
part of the software delivery pipeline to provide immediate
feedback on business risks.
29. What is the role of a test automation framework?
A test automation framework provides a structured approach to
creating, executing, and managing automated tests. It defines
coding standards, test data management, and reporting
mechanisms.
30. What is Data-Driven Testing?
Data-driven testing is an automation framework where test data is
read from external sources (e.g., Excel, CSV, databases), allowing the
same test script to run with different input data.
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31. What is a Defect?
A defect, also known as a bug, is a deviation from the expected
behavior in the software, causing it to malfunction or produce
incorrect results.
32. What is the Defect Life Cycle?
The defect life cycle consists of various stages a defect goes through
from identification to closure, including new, assigned, fixed,
retested, and closed statuses.
33. What is Severity and Priority in defect management?
Severity: Indicates the impact of a defect on the system.
Priority: Indicates how soon the defect should be fixed based on
business needs.
34. What is a Bug Report?
A bug report documents the details of a defect, including steps to
reproduce, severity, priority, environment, screenshots, and
expected behavior.
35. What are the key components of a bug report?
Title, description, steps to reproduce, expected and actual results,
severity, priority, and environment details.
36. What is the difference between a Defect and an Enhancement?
A defect is a flaw in the system that affects functionality, while an
enhancement is a request for new functionality or improvements.
37. What is Root Cause Analysis (RCA) in defect management?
RCA is the process of identifying the underlying cause of defects to
prevent them from reoccurring.
38. What is Defect Leakage?
Defect leakage occurs when a defect that was missed in one phase
of testing is discovered later, typically in production.
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39. What is Defect Density?
Defect density is the number of defects found per unit of code,
typically measured in defects per thousand lines of code (KLOC).
40. What are common defect-tracking tools?
JIRA: A popular issue-tracking tool used in Agile environments.
Bugzilla: An open-source defect-tracking system.
Mantis: Another open-source bug-tracking tool.
41. What is Test Management?
Test management refers to the process of planning, controlling, and
monitoring all test activities to ensure that test coverage is
complete and aligned with the business goals.
42. What are some popular test management tools?
TestRail: A comprehensive test management tool.
Quality Center (QC): A widely used test management tool by
Micro Focus.
Zephyr: An add-on for JIRA to manage tests.
43. What are key metrics for measuring test effectiveness?
Test coverage, defect detection rate, test case execution rate, and
defect density.
44. What is Test Coverage?
Test coverage refers to the extent to which the application has been
tested, typically represented as a percentage of requirements or
code covered by test cases.
45. How do you prioritize test cases?
Test cases are prioritized based on business impact, risk, and
likelihood of failure. Critical and high-risk areas should be tested
first.
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46. What is Risk-Based Testing?
Risk-based testing is an approach where testing is focused on areas
with the highest risk of failure or impact on the business.
47. How do you estimate testing efforts?
Testing effort estimation can be done using techniques like
Function Point Analysis (FPA), Work Breakdown Structure (WBS),
or expert judgment.
48. What is a Traceability Matrix?
A traceability matrix is a document that maps and traces user
requirements with test cases, ensuring that all functionalities are
covered by tests.
49. What is Test Execution?
Test execution is the process of running test cases and recording
the actual results to compare them with the expected results.
50. What is Test Closure?
Test closure is the phase where testing activities are formally
completed, and test metrics, defect reports, and test coverage are
reviewed to ensure objectives were met.
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