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Linear Algebra lectures notes
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Leclin 3 @
(3-0) Summary so far
° | Linea Systems ne Mothvas
eg. 8 system of im bras equotions inn vanrobles
m x (ntl) mawix
Dy Ky + yy Ste Finn = by
Oy + A Xt FO Mee by Qn Orgs Oin | br
aa 2
<> | Be
Kot tO hye bm
na 4 + Sma a oat
© Elementary row evotaine wn wvalviees da nat gids.
chamge the set oP sobubcons f the aoecolid Dinter rmpphem
( Rew eperdions Swop + Re <> Ry
Seale + QR > eRe (ato)
Combine + Ry — Rit AR} CJ¥e3 a onlay)
number
. Any molnix can be pet ino yeolireed echelon feo
war thase 3 eperations:
© A dumear syplem here surge robix ts tn reducd
echelon fer is already SOLVED .(3-4) Echelon ve reduced echelon form.
Echelen oom is early ree fer 3 prpeitees :
(2) Leading ‘erm of a
© O ---+--. .
o non- £ero ow is 4
A of the previous 1H
J all ze rows ant qremped
ab tha sollem.
Tf, in oddstisn, Ue Looeling (or pital, we corner) 4 is Lhe
nom-Fer ib column > te Taine ts soual be be
in a reduad echelon form.
e494. 2 0 ae
4 aero is im rede echelon dn
pe: ‘4 is Not yw read echalen Jorm
but ony in om echelon ee
(thin Lead A is NOL Le ody
non 2210 ote 4 ibs utamn =
tehamn #4)
Last eckare + allyerthm by pet a mabix en reduced
echelon form, using the thee chem entins
yous operabions4.2) Linear nyrtem se ‘
( near ip the: aac WabARE cs) chi al @
reduad echelon to
Last lime we mods some observations about the Linear mpl
omocialid te a matrix im reduad echelon .
Tlinar S4shm] —e Ruger
mote
7M
™ ations
nm unknowns B=[A | b]
mx(ntl) Stze
Gauss ~ Se ordan
—_ te size mnodnix
fr obtained fem
B by 3 row oaeue
‘ If C= RE(B) contasne the 100 [o o + olt] | tun
tha Donewr mypkem under connderaban ts inconsistent
(re, set of golubionc = ps emply set. )
o Assume the ayehm is consistent . Locale the Leoding A's in
C= GELB), The wavs conesponding be colamn numbers of
fueling Le one enllsd dependent varia, amd the reat
ve cL didnt sla fx geoneh
FF Independent vanobly = 0 mp Yor que sebelion
Indeptadtoct vorinbl 20 Pp Infenateby rang soluchions©
e.
4: Let us take a mohix in redud echelon
ed ak
notather the correspending system hor oO, 4 ue ee
soluhins
ti 3
W) One
One oppterancs of ch, a row means
+ Consistent
(ej °@
0° ea ndewt variablir Xs 1 Xyr Xs
Se nea foe wml sy
a
fe se date @) womb MES, lees
solubion Rows ~r X= 2
Row 2 mp xy 23
eat area ond X= S-
(ice) On 0) |15 Roca
oO oO” «oll 3 vanalls ov dipendent:
0° ® HE independ vaniabln = 0
Hen , wncgut pobubcon . %= F
X13
x, s(2
Thus it should. be clear whet ore mann oshin are poy shat
o isne mption, where cugwontel male os reduonl ehalew
fom is ready solved -ga), Consquencec! i
@ t CD A Dinsaw siptem admili 0,4 er co ©
number oP solutins. Sie
(@). If 4 equotions < + verably, the be sph
Reason. - (4): Assume ™ = mummbtr of 24 odbion
n= tu. variable,
Bo = [Ou Oa -- in to
* Pan s+ Bay | ba ts ss aug mil mnodrise
ioe eoeee noes
C= RE(B) malic in reduad echalon dbtunad from
B va 3 ele mint ee
> IPC corkewin [oo OPA] , mumbie of solakisne = 0
td lf C dots nat contouin [o oo ft] (ve. syolem és consistent),
Vie ge oe ob nen Zen ews nC.
Then (a) ESS m= fated) rarolre of rom*,)
(2) Fre] The iso Bite new bsnl: We com wily
seu thot TS fetal number of columns = mt4-
Because ev pam: feyo ros im G than » Landing 4, which
is Wu oy nan 0 bboy 4 ih column.
Tf vented, ev cabumn has ta corfeuin a racking 4,
ind the Dot (nt1%) column- But P thot
wov the me, C woull wontaim [0 0-- O14]
amd be Uneonsisteal.Dieminevie i = ee 2 TSN awe wns wots
(no dndependent variable)
T< nN ~~» vafinstily mang lms , Parewret nized by
N- T Leni Cte
(2) rf m N-T 70 «ey
Hf: Tadependint vowiablis >. Henee, nhinately mer solubions.
@-4) iommeraees Systems. A Dinan siplien of Une ptmtral foren
Oy Et Oy Kt + Oy Xe be
% pM Sa% to A, hq = be
. x, =b
0 it My ht #0, %q = Pm
Keo
A homegeneom syle ts abso consistent » since as ts
azo
ea ‘ fe colld the Lniviel solution ).
Uonigat solhion (ce. ’ trivial ae
is Ene only sobalion )
Homogtreaia ae pet fy
vary se 7
Soletions ue 21 ele
whn-trivel solutions i)o [+ te incor i a,
%, 2% - %y 50 ve an
3 equahoin and 4 vanabln.
< Siti fs consistent , since ik ts Prorneg entctn. Moreover, m esi lt ojo
RaRe® fo ' 4 5/°
o 0 3 3/0
= 2
> } - |} oefo
Ri Rt £Re Io 1]/°
oe
0 oo 0of/O
— eo@e {;?
RAR*R | o oO 1 lO