Module 3 building official, inspectors from the local electric

Building Electrical Design Principles utility, prospective bidders, and other persons who
have interests in the project.
Electrical Codes, •Electrical Layout
Licenses and Permits The electrical layout is similar to the architectural
• Electrical Code layout except that the electrical layout contains the
• Design of an electrical system involves applying the interconnection of the service drop/lateral, service
standards written into the building code. An electrical entrance, service equipment, feeder, subfeeder, load
code specifies the minimum provisions necessary for center, panelboards, branch circuit, and nomenclature
protecting people and property from the improper of occupancies.
use of electricity and electrical equipment. It applies • Legend or Symbol
to both the manufacture and installation of electrical These help in understanding the electrical plan. The
equipment. recommended symbols are shown in Appendix A of
the Philippine Electrical Code Part 1 2009. However,
Philippine Electrical Code (PEC) other symbols can be used, especially the local
The Philippine Electrical Code is used nationally as the symbols which are easily understood in the area.
basis for safeguarding persons, buildings and its
contents from hazards that may arise from the use of General Notes and/or Specifications
electricity. This Code contains provisions which is These are general requirements showing the
necessary for safety and thus is used as basis for the following:
legal enforcement in the installation of electrical a. Nature of electrical service, including number of
system design in the country phases, number of wires, voltage and frequency.
•Licensing b. Type of wiring
Most municipalities have ordinances (local laws) that c. Special equipment to be installed, including rating
require that any person who wishes to engage in the and classification of services or duty cycle.
business of installing electrical systems must be d. Methods of grounding
licensed (usually by the state or province). e. Type and rating of main disconnecting
• Permits means,overcurrent protection, and branch circuit
Most municipalities require that a permit be issued wiring
before any electrical installations may be made on a f.Clearance and mounting height of service equipment,
project. electric meter, panel board and devices.

Electrical Construction Drawings General Notes/Specifications

Electrical construction drawings show the layout and А. All electrical works shall be done in accordance
design of an electrical installation. with the Philippine Electrical Code Part 1, latest
The following construction drawings and details are edition, the requirements of the municipality of
generally required: Marilao and the Manila Electric Company.
1. Complete plans and specifications of all electrical B. The electrical works shall be done by a
work Registered Master Electrician (RME) or Registered
2. Labeling criteria of all electrical equipment Electrical Engineer (REE) or Professional Electrical
3. Lighting floor plan(s) including electrical circuits Engineer (PEE) or skilled electrical practitioner but
indicating conduit and wiring sizes under the supervision of RME, REE, PEE.
4. Power floor plans including electrical circuits C. Materials, devices and equipment shall be new
indicating conduit and wiring sizes, equipment, and and shall be in conformance with the Philippine
disconnect switches Standards or listed by an organization which is
5. Exit sign/means of egress lighting location and acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.
power supply D. The electrical service shall be 230V, line to
6. Panelboard schedule ground, single phase.
7. Lighting fixture schedule E. The service equipment and all other equipment
8.Symbol schedule and diagrams shall be provided with adequate and proper
grounding.
Review of the Design Requirements F. Conductors and conduits shall be as indicated in
• Location Plan the computation load schedule, or single line diagram.
The location plan will guide the electrical design G. All wiring shall be in PVC conduit and shall be
engineers, inspectors from the office of the local embedded when running thru concrete except when
otherwise noted. b. Type, rating and trip setting of overload protective
H. Service entrance conduit, from the service head to devices
the electric meter, shall be exposed galvanized rigid c. Short circuit current and interrupting capacity of
steel conduit. overcurrent protection device.
I. All wiring devices shall be flush mounted and
grounding type. Electrical Design of a Single Storey, and Single
J. Mounting height of convenience outlets shall be Occupancy Residential Building
30cm from the floor level. General
K. Layout dimension are approximate and intended •Although the electrical design of a low-rise
as installation guides only. residential building is already a project design subject
L. All inconsistencies shall be brought to the in most colleges, it is discussed here because the
attention of the PEE who signed and sealed the design processes, criteria, methods, requirements of
drawings, computations, load schedule, specifications, the owners, architect, electric utility, and others are
and other documents. almost similar to the electrical design of a high-rise
condominium building.
Review of the Design Requirements Design Processes
Schedule of Loads. •In most cases, the electrical design starts from an
This is a load tabulation which indicates the following: architectural layout and other drawings, such as the
a. Branch circuit for each load or combination of drawing shown in Figure 1.
loads
b. Rating of each load and the corresponding Detailed Design
computations Preparations
C. Source of electric power and rating of service •With the architectural layout and other drawings, the
equipment protective device and disconnect development of the initial electrical design starts. A
d. Number of phases, type and the size of wiring preliminary arrangement of the electrical plan
e. Service entrance, feeder, subfeeder, etc. requirements helps in the determination of the
number of drawing sets to be prepared to avoid
•Single Line or Riser Diagram overcrowding in the electrical plan.
This shows a comprehensive interconnection, size, Considering the size of this building, the entire
and rating of the service drop/lateral, service entrance, electrical plan requirements can be accommodated in
service equipment, feeder, subfeeders, load centers, two (2) sets of size 500 mm x 760 mm sheets, without
and panelboard. This is necessary in the computation overcrowding the electrical plan.
of short circuit current and voltage drops.
Design Example
Title Block • A single family dwelling unit has a floor area of 150
This is a standard strip of 40 mm height at the bottom sq. m. exclusive of unoccupied basement and open
of the sheet and contains the following: porches. It has three 20 A small appliance branch
a. Name and location of installation or project circuits, one
b. Name, signature and address of 20 A laundry circuit, a 10 kW electric range, a 5 kW
owner/manager/operator clothes dryer and two 3/4 HP and one 1.5 HP air
C. Name, signature and seal of Professional conditioning units.
Electrical Engineer together with his PRC license
number and validity, Professional Tax Receipt Number Branch Circuits
and Tax Identification Number  Branch Circuit No. 1: Lighting loads
d. Sheet contents  Branch Circuit No. 2: Small Appliance Loads
e. Scale  Branch Circuit No. 3: Small Appliance Loads
f. Drawing and sheet number  Branch Circuit No. 4: Small Appliance Loads
g. Others. The complete requirements are shown in  Branch Circuit No. 5: Laundry Loads
Article 1.3 of PEC 1 2009  Branch Circuit No. 6: 10 kW Electric Range
 Branch Circuit No. 7: 5 KW Clothes Dryer
• Design Analysis  Branch Circuit No. 8: 3/4 HP Air-Conditioning
This is a computation or selection of the following: Unit
a. Size/type/number of wires and size/type of conduits  Branch Circuit No. 9: 3/4 HP Air-Conditioning
for branch circuits, sub-feeders, feeders, busways and Unit
service entrance  Branch Circuit No. 10: 1.5 HP Air-Conditioning
 Unit circuit breakers.

Computation of Loads for a Typical Residential Unit E. 5 kW Clothes Dryer Load (Branch Circuit No. 7)
A. General Lighting Load and Convenience Load = 5 kW x 100% demand factor = 5,000
Receptacle volt-amperes
(Branch Circuit No. 1) The 100% demand factor is per Table 2.20.3.15
Typical Residential Unit at 150 sq. m. Load Current = 5,000/230 = 21.73 amperes
Load = 150 sq m x 24 VA/sq. m = 3,600  Use 2 - 3.50 mm copper, TW, branch circuit
volt-amperes conductors
Load Current = 3,600/230 = 15.65 Amperes  Use 15 mm diameter rigid PVC conduit
 Use one (1) 25 A branch circuit. Refer to section
 Use 2 - 2.00 mm, copper TW, branch circuit 2.40.1.6 for standard ampere trip ratings of
conductors. Refer to Table 3.10.1.16 for circuit breakers.
ampacities of insulated conductors.
 Use 15 mm diameter rigid PVC conduit. Refer to F. 3/4 HP Air-Conditioning Unit (Branch Circuit Nos. 8
Table C10 for size of conduit. and 9)
 Provide one (1) 20 A branch circuit. Refer to Ampacity of wire = 125% × 6.9 A = 8.63 A
section 2.40.1.6 for standard ampere trip ratings Where 125% is per Article 4.40.4.2
of circuit breakers. Where 6.9 A is the motor full-load current as per
Table 4.30.14.2
B. Small Appliance Load (Branch Circuit Nos. 2 - 4)  Use 2 - 2.0 mm copper, TW branch circuit
Load = 20 A @ 1,500 volt-amperes = 1,500 conductors
volt-amperes  Use 15 mm diameter rigid PVC conduit
Where 1,500 volt-amperes as per Section Rating of branch circuit protective device = 250% ×
2.20.3.13(a) 6.9 A = 17.25 A Where 250% is the maximum inverse
Load current = 1,500/230 = 6.52 amperes time rating of the breaker as per
 Use 2 - 2.00 mm copper, TW branch circuit Table 4.30.4.2. The room ACU is at 100% demand
conductors. Refer to Table 3.10.1.16 for factor. Refer to Section 2.20.4.3(c) (1).
ampacity of the conductor.
 Use 15 mm dia. Rigid PVC conduit.  Provide two(2) 20 A branch circuit for the room
 Provide three(3) 20 A small appliance branch air-conditioner. Refer to Section 2.40.1.6 for
circuit as per Section 2.10.1.11(c)(1) or Section ampere trip ratings of circuit breakers.
2.10.3.3 (b)(1).
BRANCH CIRCUIT CONDUCTOR
C. Laundry Circuit (Branch Circuit No. 5) Article 4.40.4.2. Single Motor-Compressor
Load = 20 A at 1,500 volt-amperes = 1,500 Branch circuit conductors supplying a single
volt-amperes motor-compressor shall have an ampacity not less
Where 1,500 volt-amperes as per section than 125 percent of either the motor-compressor
2.20.3.13(b) rated load current or the branch circuit selection
Load Current = 1,500 VA/230 = 6.52 amperes current, whichever is greater.
 Use 2 - 2.00 mm copper, TW, branch circuit For a wye-start, delta run connected motor
conductors compressor, the selection of branch circuit conductors
 Use 15 mm diameter rigid PVC conduit between the controller and the motor-compressor
 Use one (1) 20 A branch circuit as per section shall be permitted to be based on 72 percent of either
2.10.1.11(c)(2) the motor-compressor rated load current or the
branch circuit selection current, which ever is greater.
D. 10 kW Electric Range Load (Branch Circuit No. 6)
Maximum Demand is 8 kW G. 1.5 HP Air-Conditioning Unit (Branch Circuit No. 10)
Based on Table 2.30.3.16 (Column C) Ampacity of wire = 125% × 10 A = 12.50 A
Load Current = 8,000/230 = 34.78 amperes Where: 125% is per Article 4.40.4.2
 Use 2 - 8.0 mm copper, TW, branch circuit Where: 10 A is the motor full-load current as per
conductors Table 4.30.14.2
 Use 15 mm diameter rigid PVC conduit  Use 2 - 2.0 mm copper, TW branch circuit
 Use one (1) 35 A branch circuit. Refer to section conductors
2.40.1.6 for standard ampere trip ratings of  Use 15 mm diameter rigid PVC conduit
Rating of branch circuit protective device = 250% × 10 Unit
A = 25 A  Branch Circuit No. 10: 1.5 HP Air-Conditioning
Where 250% is the maximum inverse time rating of Unit
the breaker as per  Branch Circuit No.11: 1 HP water pump
Table 4.30.4.2. The room ACU is at 100% demand
factor. Refer to Section 2.20.4.3(c) (1).
 Provide one(1) 30 A branch circuit for the room
air-conditioner. Refer to Section 2.40.1.6 for
ampere trip ratings of circuit breakers.

BRANCH CIRCUIT CONDUCTOR

Article 4.40.4.2. Single Motor-Compressor
Branch circuit conductors supplying a single
motor-compressor shall have an ampacity not less
than 125 percent of either the motor-compressor
rated load current or the branch circuit selection
current, whichever is greater.
For a wye-start, delta run connected motor
compressor, the selection of branch circuit conductors
between the controller and the motor-compressor
shall be permitted to be based on 72 percent of either
the motor-compressor rated load current or the
branch circuit selection current, which ever is greater.

Computation of Service Entrance for a Typical

Residential Unit
•A single family dwelling unit has a floor area of 150
sq. m. exclusive of unoccupied basement and open
porches. It has three 20 A small appliance branch
circuits, one
20 A laundry circuit, a 10 KW electric range, a 5 KW
clothes dryer and two 3/4 HP and one 1.5 HP air
conditioning units. Residential Electrical Systems
Design
Branch Circuits Provide the following:
 Branch Circuit No. 1: Lighting loads 1. Lighting layout
 Branch Circuit No. 2: Small Appliance Loads 2. Power layout
 Branch Circuit No. 3: Small Appliance Loads 3. Schedule of loads
 Branch Circuit No. 4: Small Appliance Loads 4. Riser diagram
 Branch Circuit No. 5: Laundry Loads 5. Branch circuit computations
 Branch Circuit No. 6: 8 kW Electric Range 6. Service entrance computations
 Branch Circuit No. 7: 5 KW Clothes Dryer
 Branch Circuit No. 8: 3/4 HP Air-Conditioning
Unit
 Branch Circuit No. 9: 3/4 HP Air-Conditioning