UNIVERSITY OF TURBAT

GUIDELINES FOR THE

PREPARATION OF THESIS

DIRECTORATE OF ACADEMICS

UNIVERSITY OF TURBAT

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 Table of Contents
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ...................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Language ............................................................................................................................... 4
1.3 Technical Specifications ....................................................................................................... 4
1.3.1 Thesis Title ..................................................................................................................... 4
1.3.2 Word Length ................................................................................................................... 4
1.3.3 Page Layout .................................................................................................................... 4
1.3.4 Type of Paper.................................................................................................................. 4
1.3.5 Typeface and Font Size .................................................................................................. 5
1.3.6 Margins ........................................................................................................................... 5
1.3.7 Spacing ........................................................................................................................... 5
1.3.8 Pagination ....................................................................................................................... 5
1.3.9 Binding ........................................................................................................................... 6
1.3.10 Thesis Spine.................................................................................................................. 6
1.3.11 Front Cover ................................................................................................................... 6
1.4 Submission ............................................................................................................................ 6
THESIS FORMAT ......................................................................................................................... 8
2.1 Title Page............................................................................................................................... 8
2.2 Abstract ................................................................................................................................. 9
2.3 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................... 9
2.4 Table of Contents ................................................................................................................ 10
2.5 List of Tables ....................................................................................................................... 10
2.6 List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... 10
2.7 List of Abbreviations ........................................................................................................... 10
2.8 Body of Thesis .................................................................................................................... 10
2.8.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 10
2.8.2 Literature Review ......................................................................................................... 11
2.8.3 Materials and Methods/Methodology........................................................................... 11
2.8.4 Results/Findings ........................................................................................................... 11
2.8.5 Discussion ..................................................................................................................... 12
2.8.6 Conclusion and Recommendations for Future Studies................................................. 12

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 2.9 Tables .................................................................................................................................. 12
2.10 Figures ............................................................................................................................... 13
2.11 Footnotes ........................................................................................................................... 13
2.12 Citations ............................................................................................................................ 13
2.13 References/Bibliography ................................................................................................... 14
2.14 Appendices or Annexes ................................................................................................. 14
2.15 List of Publications............................................................................................................ 14
WRITING CONVENTIONS ........................................................................................................ 15
3.1 Units of Measure ................................................................................................................. 15
3.2 Numbers .............................................................................................................................. 15
3.3 Elliptical Marks ................................................................................................................... 15
3.4 Use of Square Brackets ....................................................................................................... 16
3.5 Use of a Symbol to Show Percentage ................................................................................. 16
3.6 Policy on Direct Quotations ................................................................................................ 16
PLAGIARISM .............................................................................................................................. 17
4.1 Avoid Plagiarism ................................................................................................................. 17
4.2 UoT Plagiarism Policy ........................................................................................................ 18
APPENDICES .............................................................................................................................. 20

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 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1 Introduction
This guide is intended to assist the graduate students at University of Turbat (henceforth UoT) in
the preparation of their theses in terms of formatting and writing conventions. Students should
refer closely to this guide and seek clarification with the staff of the Thesis Section of the
Directorate of Academic on specific matters relating to the preparation of their thesis.

1.2 Language
The thesis should be written in English except students from Institute of Balochi Language and
Cultural (IBLC) can write their thesis in Balochi. Language use should be consistent throughout
the thesis, especially in terms of spelling. The Roman alphabet should be used unless otherwise
required by the discipline.

1.3 Technical Specifications

The thesis must only be printed on a letter-quality or laser printer. Only the original copy of a
thesis or good and clean photocopies will be accepted. Copies with correcting fluid will not be
accepted.

1.3.1 Thesis Title

The title of the thesis should not exceed 20 words

1.3.2 Word Length

The number of words is dependent on the program of study and should be limit between 25000
to 35000 words for a Master / MPhil’s thesis, and 70000 to 80000 words for a PhD thesis
(excluding tables, figures, and appendices). Students must obtain written permission from the
Directorate of Academic before submitting a thesis longer than the prescribed words length.
Students should provide strong justifications to support their request.

1.3.3 Page Layout

The text should be presented in the portrait layout. The landscape layout may be used for figures
and tables.

1.3.4 Type of Paper

White simile A4 size (210mm x 297mm) paper (80g) or paper of equivalent quality should be
used. Students must include an extra blank sheet for the front and back of the thesis. Photocopies
of the thesis must be on similar quality paper.

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1.3.5 Typeface and Font Size
The text of the thesis, including headings and page numbers, must be produced with the same
font or typeface. The font size should be 12-point and should not be scripted or italicized except
for scientific names and terms in a different language. Bold print may be used for headings.
Footnotes and text in tables should not be less than 8-point. Fonts appropriate for a thesis should
be Times New Roman.

For the thesis of Balochi, the text of the thesis, including heading and page numbers, must be
produced with the same typeface. The font size for the main headings should be 16-point, and
14-point for the sub-headings and general text. Text should not scripted or italicized except for
scientific names and terms in a different language. Bold print may be used for the headings and
sub-headings. Footnotes and text in tables should not be less than 10-point. Font appropriate for
a thesis should be a Jameel Noori Nostahliq in MS word.

1.3.6 Margins
The left margin should be 4 cm (1.57 inch), and the right, top and bottom margins should be 2
cm (0.79 inch). Margin specifications are meant to facilitate binding and trimming.

All information (text headings, footnotes, and figures), including page numbers, must be within
the text area as demarcated by the dotted lines shown on this page.

1.3.7 Spacing
The body of text should be typed with double spacing. The following, however, should be
single-spaced:

i) Footnotes (if absolutely necessary),

ii) Quotations of three lines or more, indented and set in a block,
iii) References or bibliography (except between entries),
iv) Multi-line captions (tables, figures),
v) Appendices, such as questionnaires, letters, and
vi) Headings or subheadings.

1.3.8 Pagination
All pages should be numbered consecutively throughout the thesis, including pages containing
tables, figures, and appendices. Page numbers should be centered either centrally or right flushed
at either the top or bottom margins. Page numbers should appear by themselves and should not

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be placed in brackets, be hyphenated, or be accompanied by decorative images. Text, tables, and
figures should be printed on one (1) side of each sheet only.

Preliminary pages preceding Chapter 1 must be numbered in lowercase Roman numerals (i, ii, iii
etc). The title page should not be numbered although it is counted as page i. Begin Page 1 from
the first page of the Introduction (Chapter 1).

1.3.9 Binding
Before making the required number of copies and binding the thesis, ensure that all University
requirements have been met and necessary signatures have been obtained. Check that all pages
are in the correct order. The thesis should be bound with a dark red or maroon hard cover and
the binding should be of a fixed kind in which pages are permanently secured. The following are
requirements for the front cover.

For the thesis in Balochi, main title font size should be 20-point and rest of the text font size
should be 16-point with Jameel Noori Nashtahliq font style.

1.3.10 Thesis Spine (refer to Appendix A for details)

The spine must be entirely lettered in gold, using a 16-point font and must contain the
following:

i. Name of student,
ii. Degree for which the study is submitted, and
iii. Year of submission.

1.3.11 Front Cover

The front cover must be entirely lettered in gold using 16-point gold block font and contain the
following:

i. Title of thesis,
ii. Name of student,
iii. Degree,
iv. Name of the university, and
v. Year of submission.

1.4 Submission
Students intending to submit a thesis must do the following:

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i) Submit an application (Notice of intention to submit a thesis for examination) to
Directorate of Academics at least three months before submission,
ii) Submit five (5) soft-bound copies of the thesis with a completed submission
application form to Directorate of Academics for evaluation.
iii) Students should submit the final thesis along with correction form and Two (2) copies
of the thesis in dark red or maroon hard cover and Three (2) softcopies of the thesis
on CD to Directorate of Academics within
 30 days if the thesis is accepted with no amendments,
 60 days if the thesis is accepted with minor amendments,
 120 days if the thesis is accepted with major amendments after the successful
defence of the thesis.

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 THESIS FORMAT

A thesis generally consists of three main parts: preliminary pages; text or main body (usually
divided into chapters and sections), and supporting pages, containing references/bibliography,
appendices, and biodata of the student. If applicable, a list of publications resulting from the
study carried out during the period of candidature where the student is the first or principal
author should be inserted after the student’s biodata page.

The preliminary pages include the title page, dedication, abstracts, acknowledgements, approval
sheets, declaration form, table of contents, and lists of tables, figures and abbreviations.

The typical layout of a thesis is shown in Table 1. The entire thesis should be bound in a single
volume. However, in cases when appendices are particularly long, the thesis may be bound in
two volumes. In such cases, the second volume should contain the appendices only, and shall
begin its pagination with page 1.

The second volume should contain a list of appendices immediately before the appendices.
References, the student’s biodata and list of publications should stay within the first volume in
the sequence shown above.

2.1 Title Page

i. Full title of thesis,
ii. Full name of student,
iii. Degree for which the thesis is submitted,
iv. Name of the university
v. Name of Faculty, and
vi. Year of submission.

See Appendix B for the layout of the title page. The title should describe the content of the thesis
accurately and concisely, omitting words such as ‘An Investigation of’, ‘An Analysis of’, or ‘A
Study of’, which are redundant. All theses are investigations, analyses, or studies of one kind or
another. For a more detailed guide to determining a suitable thesis title, see Appendix B.

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 Table 1. A Typical Layout of a Thesis

Preliminary
 TITLE PAGE
 DECLARATION FORM
 ABSTRACT
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
 LIST OF FIGURES
 LISTS OF TABLES
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Main Body
 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS/FINDINGDS
 CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES/BIBLIOGRAPHY
Supplementary
 APPENDICES/ANNEXES
 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

2.2 Abstract
The abstract is a digest of the entire thesis and should be given the same careful attention as the
main text. It should not include any references. Abbreviations or acronyms must be preceded by
the full terms at the first use. An abstract should be between 300 and 500 words. It includes a
brief statement of the problem and objectives of the study, a concise description of the research
method and design, a summary of the major findings including their significance, and
conclusions.

2.3 Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements are written expressions of appreciation for guidance and assistance received
from individuals and institutions.

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2.4 Table of Contents
The Table of Contents lists in sequence all relevant subdivisions of the thesis with their
corresponding page numbers.

2.5 List of Tables

The list shows the exact titles or captions of all tables in the text and appendices, together with
the starting page number of each table, and must be listed in sequence. If the whole thesis
contains only one or two tables, then a List of Tables is not necessary.

2.6 List of Figures

Figures include graphs, maps, charts, engineering drawings, photographs (plates), sketches,
printed images, and any other form of illustration that is not a table. The exact titles or captions
and their corresponding page numbers must be listed in sequence. Figures, including any in the
appendices, should be numbered consecutively throughout the thesis. If the whole thesis contains
only one or two figures, then a list of figures is not necessary.

2.7 List of Abbreviations

If abbreviations and acronyms are used in the thesis, they should be explained in a List of
Abbreviations, even though the full names are given at first use. This list should be the last item
in the preliminary section. It serves as a ready reference to readers not familiar with the
abbreviations used in the thesis. Universally recognized scientific symbols (such as CO2, cm,
mm, kg, ha) need not be listed.

2.8 Body of Thesis

The body of a thesis normally consists of sections which are organized as chapters. A chapter
may be divided into major sections and subsections. Main or primary headings within chapters
are to be centered while sub-headings are left justified. Tertiary headings are indented five (5)
spaces and are not listed in the Table of Contents.

2.8.1 Introduction
This chapter introduces the subject matter and problem(s) being studied and indicates its
importance and validity. It sets out the hypotheses to be tested and research objectives to be
attained. In some theses, usually those in mathematics, this section may be combined with the
literature review. It is important to remember that the research objectives stated in the thesis
should match the findings of the study. Failing to do so will result in a verdict of `Re-submission

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of Thesis’ by the Thesis Examination Committee, and a recommendation to conduct additional
studies so that the stated objectives are met.

2.8.2 Literature Review

This section encompasses a critical and comprehensive review of the literature related to the
topic of thesis. It is meant to act as a base for the experimental and analytical sections of the
thesis. Literature selected must be up to date and be analyzed and synthesized logically. It is not
simply a summary of works of different authors. The review should give the gist of each book or
pertinent findings of a journal article, explain how it relates to the topic and show why it is not
sufficient to answer the research questions. For example, the study being reviewed uses a
Japanese sample, while the research is examining the situation in Malaysia. Textbook materials
on basic principles or theories should be kept to a minimum.

2.8.3 Materials and Methods/Methodology

This section varies from thesis to thesis depending on the discipline of study and may be absent
in theoretical theses. It contains a description and justification of the materials, theoretical
approaches, experimental designs and methods (including statistical analysis) used to achieve the
stated objectives of the study undertaken. In the social sciences, a conceptual framework will
need to be included. In engineering and in the pure and applied sciences, this may include, but is
not limited to, a description of the methodology, theoretical development, fundamental
philosophical foundation, experimental design and standard procedure description. The materials
and methods used in the study should be described in detail and concisely such that a reader
would be able to replicate the experiment solely with the information contained in this section.
References must be cited for published protocols or methods.

2.8.4 Results/Findings
This section of the thesis may also be combined with the Discussion section because the content
tends to be related. This section may be broken down into subsections. The section presents a
complete account of the results obtained in the study in the form of text, figures, or tables so that
the key information is highlighted. The same set of results or data should not be presented in
more than one format (e.g. either as a table or figure, but not both). When results are placed in
chapter one, sub-headings may be used to demarcate the different aspects of the study.

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2.8.5 Discussion
This section bridges the data presented or described in the preceding section and contains the
analyses or interpretations of the results obtained, and the conclusions drawn. Students should
discuss these results in relation to the hypotheses or objectives set out in the Introduction, and
how they fit into the existing or current body of knowledge. The significance and implications of
the main findings should be made clear.

2.8.6 Conclusion and Recommendations for Future Studies

This chapter is important since it illustrates the significance of the study and stresses the findings
upon which a conclusion or conclusions are drawn in line with the objectives set, acknowledges
the limitations, and suggests further research which may be carried out on the topic.

2.9 Tables
Tables are numbered consecutively (with Arabic numerals) throughout the project
paper (including text and appendices). There are two possible numbering schemes: either
(a) number the tables consecutively throughout the text, or (b) number them by chapter,
e.g. Table 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2 and so on. No project paper may have two different tables
called “Table 1.” All tables are to be listed in the preliminary pages (including tables
appearing in the appendix). Tables should be placed after their mention in the text.
Short tables should not stand alone on a page.

Tables are captioned single-spaced above the tables. Capitalize only the first letter of the
principal words in captions (excluding words like “the”, “to”, etc.) If preferred use
“down style” in which all letters are of lowercase except the first letter in the caption and
proper nouns.

Table sources and notes should be placed directly below the table (not at the bottom of
the page). Use superscript symbols (e.g., *, **, ***, etc.) or lowercase letters, but never
numerals for table footnotes. Reference indicators to these notes should be used only on
column heads or in the main body of the table but never on the table number or caption.
If the superscript cannot be inserted on the stub head (the left-hand column), any note
needed for the table number or title should be so indicated, e.g., Note: . . . and should
follow Source (if any) at the foot of table.

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2.10 Figures
As with tables, ensure that each figure is referred to in the text. Figures include maps, charts,
graphs, diagrams, photographs (or plates), engineering drawings and printed images. They are
numbered consecutively or according to the chapter throughout the thesis, including those in the
Appendices. The figure number, title and caption should be single-spaced and placed below the
figure using Arabic numerals and lowercase, except for proper nouns and the first letters of
principal words. Figures should be inserted as soon as possible after their first mention in the
text. The style used must be consistent throughout the thesis.

If a figure occupies an entire page, the caption may be typed on the left-hand page (reverse side
blank) facing the figure. It is counted but not paginated. The top of a figure drawn in landscape
format should be aligned to the binding edge. The figure number, title and caption should be
typed parallel to the orientation of the figure. Figures should conform to standard margin
requirements. Engineering drawings should follow appropriate standards, with any large size
drawings placed as appendices.

2.11 Footnotes
Footnotes should be used sparingly. Except in a law-related project paper (where the
rules are different and will be explained by your supervisor) they should be used only
to clarify terminology, to state conversion factors or exchange rates and not to cite
authority for specific statements or research findings of others. A citation of authority is
done in the text as described in the following section. Extensive footnoting tends to
distract the reader from the main argument of the text. If footnotes are necessary, the
indicators (the numbers in the text) are usually superscript. The numbering must be
continuous within each chapter or appendix, not throughout the text. That is, start each
chapter or appendix with footnote 1.

2.12 Citations
Students are responsible for choosing a style of citation appropriate to the field and using that
style correctly and consistently. Students should consult their respective supervisors for
guidelines. The use of software such as Mendeley or EndNote for publishing and managing
bibliographies, citations and references is encouraged. At the end of the thesis, the student must
supply a list of references in alphabetical order by author, with consistent punctuation.

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Students should check for the latest versions of different reference styles. Some systems, such as
the American Psychological Association (APA) reference format, are frequently updated.

2.13 References/Bibliography
The References or Bibliography section contains the list of works cited in the thesis. Every
piece of work cited in the text must be properly referenced in the reference list. Use the
APA bibliographic system since it is usual in scholar writing in management when the
author is using English.

2.14 Appendices or Annexes

Information or data that is too detailed for the main body of the thesis may be included as
appendices. These are placed after the reference list. Appendices include original data,
summary, sideline or preliminary tests, tabulations, tables that contain data of lesser importance,
very lengthy quotations, supporting decisions, forms and documents, computer printouts,
detailed engineering drawings and other pertinent documents. Appendix materials should be
grouped by type, e.g., Appendix A: Questionnaire, Appendix B: Original data, Appendix C:
Tables of results.

2.15 List of Publications

All publications (in journals and proceedings) that result from the study undertaken by the
student while under supervision and during their candidature, and for which the student is the
first or principal author, should be listed clearly and accurately. These publications should not
be used as references in the thesis.

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 WRITING CONVENTIONS

3.1 Units of Measure

Use internationally recognized units of measure, preferably SI such as:

1 liter (1 L)

20 milliliters (20 mL)

5 kilogram (5 kg)

20 kilometer (20 km)

2.5 hectare (2.5 ha)

3.7 metric tons (3.7 t)

45 parts per million (45 ppm)

12 gram (12 g)

500 US Dollars (USD 500)

3.4 metric tons/hectare (3.4 t/ha)

The numbers before the measurement units should not be spelt out, (e.g., write 5 kg, not five kg)
even if they are below 100 (see Section 3.2) unless they are the first word of sentences or the
number one (1). Note the space between the figure and the unit of measure.

3.2 Numbers
All integers less than ten should be spelt out unless attached to units of measure (e.g. 5kg,
10mL). Use figures for number 10 or more than 10. As explained above if a sentence
begins with a number, write the number in words, e.g. “Three hundred and eighty-five
farmers were sampled from the study area.”

3.3 Elliptical Marks

Writers use the ellipsis mark to show an omission from quoted material. The ellipsis consists of
three-spaced full stops (...). When an ellipsis comes at the end of a sentence, it appears as four

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full stops (. ...). One full stop marks the end of the sentence, and the other three full stops signal
the omission.

3.4 Use of Square Brackets [ ]

Within direct quotations, brackets are used to enclose any explanatory note inserted by the thesis
writer, e.g.

[In 2005] alone, we had 200 applicants wanting to enroll for our new diploma program (Salleh,
2005).

Use [sic] (within square brackets) to indicate a certain doubt as to meaning or factual error. It
simply means “thus” or “As written in the original.” It is used in quotations to show that the
original is being faithfully reproduced, even though it is incorrect or seems to be so. Errors which
are obviously typographical such as spelling errors should be corrected as a matter of
professional courtesy.

3.5 Use of a Symbol to Show Percentage

The symbol % may be used in place of the word percent, e.g. 27.3% and typed without a space
before it. If the student prefers to write 27.3 percent in full, then consistency must be maintained
throughout the thesis. In tables, the abbreviation Pct may be used at the head of a column to
mean percent.

3.6 Policy on Direct Quotations

Direct quotations must be kept to a minimum except in some fields such as literature. Some
examiners disallow quotations of over 10 lines. If, there is a need to use a set of
recommendations from a report, these should be paraphrased succinctly. Also provide the
original full text in the appendix.

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 PLAGIARISM

Plagiarism is taking the works of others and using them as if they were your own. Such works
include:

i) Words or ideas from printed literature such as journal papers, magazine articles,
books, newspapers, web pages, computer program, etc.
ii) Published figures, tables, diagrams, illustrations, charts, maps, pictures, or other
visual materials, and
iii) Information from interviews, etc.

Plagiarism comes in three forms:

i) Copying full sentences or even paragraphs straight from the source as though they are
the student’s own work,
ii) Using the original wording from the source material without inverted commas or
indentation, even if the source is acknowledged.
iii) Paraphrasing without acknowledgement.

Usually, a change in style alerts the reader to the possibility of plagiarism. Examiners are likely
to know the literature and recognize the plagiarism, but it is also true that it sometimes goes by
undetected. It is now possible to detect plagiarism by simply searching a small string of words on
the Internet. Additionally, plagiarism-checking software program, such as Turnitin, are also
widely available. These programs produce Originality Reports, which list the percentage of
similarity between the student’s words and the source. Even excerpts with minimal alterations
will be detected. Plagiarism is considered form of theft and is under no circumstances acceptable
in the world of scholarship. As such, if plagiarism is proven in a thesis at the examination stage,
the thesis is automatically failed, and the students’ candidature terminated.

4.1 Avoid Plagiarism

The key to avoiding plagiarism is to make sure credit is given where it is due when incorporating
another writer’s work. Students should do this even when the original source is paraphrased or

17
summarized. When quoting a published or verbal statement, it must be identical to the original
and must be attributed to the original author. Always cite the authors whose published works or
statements are used in the thesis.

4.2 UoT Plagiarism Policy

University of Turbat is committed to establishing and sustaining a transparent, as well as
creative, academic environment, for quality, meaningful and original output to the academia.
UoT shares its vision of academic integrity and authenticity with the Higher Education
Commission (HEC), which has formulated policy guidelines on Plagiarism. This policy provides
possible steps to prevent plagiarism in academia, thus reinforcing and promoting the culture of
academic integrity and originality. These steps are taken to ensure compliance of research work
and publications produced in Pakistan, with international standards and quality. The HEC
reinforces and provides the use of Turnitin, for checking plagiarism.

To address the issues, as observed in application of HEC’s policy and use of Turnitin at UoT, the
following policy is a comprehensive set of rules to be implemented by all programs and
publications of UoT. These are devised in order to address the issues raised by instructors and
students/researchers alike. The effort is targeted at a more effective and carefully managed
system of implementing use of Turnitin for ensuring transparency and authenticity.

This policy applies to all written works, produced for credit/publication in all programs at and for
UoT, at all Graduate and Postgraduate levels.

The general guidelines of the Plagiarism policy in different programs/areas at UoT are as
follows:

MS/M.Phil/PhD

 All Theses are to be sent to Quality Enhancement Cell (QEC) in Antiplagiarism unit for
Turnitin Originality Report through office of concerned Deans.
 As per HEC guidelines, the similarities index should be less than 19%.

A Soft Copy of Thesis- Excluding Initial Pages, Bibliography, Appendices and (preferably)
Endnotes/Footnotes is to be submitted to QEC from concerned Deans.

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All course assignments, project reports, term papers, etc. will be run through Turnitin by
Instructors ONLY.

The Turnitin Originality reports of all course assignments, project reports, term papers, etc.
should be appended by instructor, with the course result/evaluation, submitted to concern Deans
offices.

In cases of re-defence of a Thesis, it will be processed through Turnitin again at the time of
resubmission. The revised copy will be sent to QEC through the office of concerned Deans for a
revised/new Turnitin Originality report.

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APPENDICES
Appendix A
Example of the Spine and Cover of a Thesis

2 cm
NAME OF STUDENT

5 cm

4 cm 4 cm
TITLE OF THES IS
(Uppercase, centered, bold, 18-point gold colored font)
(Uppercase, centered, bold, 18-point gold colored font)

TITLE OF THESIS

NAME OF STUDENT
(Uppercase, centered, bold, 18-point gold colored font)

NAME OF FACULTY

UNIVERSITY OF TURBAT

TURBAT
PROGRAM NAME

YEAR
(Uppercase, centered, bold, 18-point gold colored font)
YEAR

5 cm
20
2 cm
 Appendix B
Title Page

5 cm

TITLE OF THESIS
4 cm 4 cm

NAME OF CANDIDATE

THESIS SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF

THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY

NAME OF DEPARTMENT/
FACULTY/INSTITUTE
UNIVERSITY OF TURBAT
TURBAT

YEAR

5 cm

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 Declaration Form

The declaration form should read as follows:

UNIVERSITY OF TURBAT
ORIGINAL LITERARY WORK DECLARATION

Name of Candidate: Registration No:

Name of Degree: Field of Study:
Title of Thesis:

I hereby declare that this Thesis is based on my original work except for quotations and citations
that have been duly acknowledged. I also declare it has not been previously or concurrently
submitted for any other degree at UoT or other institutions.

Candidate’s Signature: Date:

Witness’s Signature (Supervisor): Date

Name:
Designation:

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 Appendix
Table of Contents (Layout Style 1)
(Main headings and subheadings are not numbered)

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
DECLARATION FORM ii
ABSTRACT iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
LIST OF FIGURES vi
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS viii
CHAPTER1
INTRODUCTION 1
Subheading 1 5
Subheading 1 8
Subheading 2 10
Subheading 2 12
Subheading 3 14
Subheading 1 15
Subheading 2 20
Subheading 3 25
Subheading 4 30
CHAPTER 2

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 LITERATURE REVIEW 35
Subheading 1 40
Subheading 1 45
Subheading 2 50
Subheading 2 55
Subheading 3 60
Subheading 1 62
Subheading 2 65
Subheading 3 70
Subheading 4 76
Subheading 5 80
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOHY 84
Subheading 1 86
Subheading 1 90
Subheading 2 95
Subheading 2 100
Subheading 3 110
Subheading 4 115
Subheading 5 122
CHAPTER 4
RESULTS/FINDINGS 125
Subheading 1 130
Subheading 1 132
Subheading 2 135
Subheading 2 140
Subheading 3 150
CHAPTER 5
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 151
Subheading 1 155

24
 REFERENCES 158
APPENDICES 180
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 200

Please note that the Results/Findings and Discussion can be written as separate chapters.

Appendix
Table of Contents (Layout Style 1)
(Main headings and subheadings are not numbered)

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
DECLARATION FORM ii
ABSTRACT iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
LIST OF FIGURES vi
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS viii
CHAPTER1
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Subheading 1 5
1.1.1 Subheading 1 8
1.1.2 Subheading 2 10
1.2 Subheading 2 12
1.3 Subheading 3 14
1.3.1 Subheading 1 15
1.3.2 Subheading 2 20
1.3.3 Subheading 3 25
1.4 Subheading 4 30
CHAPTER 2

25
 LITERATURE REVIEW 35
2.1 Subheading 1 40
2.1.1 Subheading 1 45
2.1.2 Subheading 2 50
2.2 Subheading 2 55
2.3 Subheading 3 60
2.3.1 Subheading 1 62
2.3.2 Subheading 2 65
2.3.3 Subheading 3 70
2.4 Subheading 4 76
2.5 Subheading 5 80
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOHY 84
3.1 Subheading 1 86
3.1.1 Subheading 1 90
3.1.2 Subheading 2 95
3.2 Subheading 2 100
3.3 Subheading 3 110
3.4 Subheading 4 111
CHAPTER 4
RESULTS/FINDINGS 125
4.1 Subheading 1 130
4.1.1 Subheading 1 132
4.1.2 Subheading 2 135
4.2 Subheading 2 140
4.3 Subheading 3 150
CHAPTER 5
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 151
5.1 Subheading 1 155
REFERENCES 158

26
 APPENDICES 180
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 200

Please note that the Results/Findings and Discussion can be written as separate chapters.

Appendix
Layout of Chapter
(Main headings and subheadings are numbered)

CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER NAME
There may be a preamble at the beginning of a chapter. The purpose may be to introduce the themes of
the main headings.
3.1 Main heading 1
(Primary Level Numbering)

3.1.1 Subheading 1 (Secondary Level Numbering)

There should be at least two subheadings to justify having subheadings.

3.1.2 Subheading 2 (Secondary Level Numbering)

All first letters of principal words are capitalized, and the subheading is left justified.

3.1.2.1 Tertiary heading 1

(Under Subheading Numbering 2)
There should be at least two tertiary headings to justify having tertiary headings.

3.1.2.2 Tertiary heading 2

(Under Subheading Numbering 2)
Tertiary and subsequent headings should not be listed in the Table of Contents.

27
 Appendix
Sample of Table (without vertical lines)
______________________________________________________________________________

Table 3.2: Number of visitors according to participation in different activities

Activities No. of Participation (N=100) NA
Activity 1 - 100
Activity 2 - 100
Activity 3 92 (92) 8
Activity 4 - 100
Activity 5 50 (50) 50
Activity 6 96 (96) 4
Activity 7 42 (42) 48
Note: Figures in parentheses indicate percentage of N
NA: Not applicable

Appendix
Sample of Table (with vertical lines)
______________________________________________________________________________

Table 3.2: Number of visitors according to participation in different activities

Activities No. of Participation (N=100) NA

Activity 1 - 100
Activity 2 - 100
Activity 3 92 (92) 8
Activity 4 - 100
Activity 5 50 (50) 50
Activity 6 96 (96) 4
Activity 7 42 (42) 48
Note: Figures in parentheses indicate percentage of N
NA: Not applicable

28
 Appendix
Sample of APA Referencing Format
______________________________________________________________________________

th
American Psychological Association (APA) (from the 6 edition of the Publication Manual of the
American Psychological Association, (APA) 2001; used in management, the social sciences and
education.) For detailed, specific information, check in the APA Publication Manual or visit the
APA Publication Manual Web site: www.apastyle.org (no full stop after “org”).

Notice that APA style has changed several times; be sure to use the latest style. Especially watch
your use of capital letters. You will need them for the first word in a sentence or title, for all
proper nouns (e.g., names of people or publishing firms), for first person singular (I) when
subject of a clause, and for all key words in a journal title. No other words, whether in titles of
books or articles or anything else, have them. Look closely at the following examples to ensure
you grasp the pattern.

Book
Moore, W.K. (2004). Malaysia: A pictorial history 1400-2004 Kuala Lumpur: Archipelago
Press.
Article in a book
Pratt, D. (1998). The role of religion. In M. C.McLaren. Interpreting cultural differences (pp.86-
96). Norfolk: Peter Francis Publishers.
Journal article
Muir, C. (2002). Upgrading business literacy and information skills. Business
Communication Quarterly. 63(3), 127-129.
Conference paper given but not published in proceedings
Wilkins F.G. Structure of compounds. Paper presented at the meeting of the

29
 Canadian Chemical Association, Ontario. June 2005.
Conference paper published in proceedings
Naharajah, S. Common carcogens, In Structures of carcogens, Proceedings of the international
congress on carcogenic compounds, Perth, Australia, Sept.3-
5, 2005. Johnson B. Ed.; McGraw-Hill: Sydney, 2005.
Newspaper and non-scientific magazine article
Smith, J. B. Pollution problems. Time, August 22, 2005, pp.3-4.
Report with no named author
Air quality aspects of the development of offshore oil and gas resources; California Air
Resources Board: Sacramento, CA, 1994.
Ph.D. dissertation
Wong, T.L. (2005). Changes in Chinese negotiation skills. Unpublished doctoral dissertation,
University of Nottingham, Malaysia.

30