Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka

Fourth Semester B. Pharm Degree Examination – 30-May-2023

Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 75 Marks

Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry - III

Q.P. CODE: 5013
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary
All the Questions are compulsory.
LONG ESSAYS 2 x 10 = 20 Marks
1. a. Give the synthesis of Pyrrole by Knorr’s method.
b. Explain the concept of aromaticity and resonance in Pyrrole.
c. Compare and explain the aromaticity of Pyrrole, Furan and Thiophene.
OR
Define configuration. Explain E-Z, D-L and R-S system of nomenclature to study
configurations in stereo isomers.

2. Define racemization and racemic mixture? Describe various methods used in resolution of
racemic mixture.

SHORT ESSAYS 7 x 5 = 35 Marks

3. Write the possible stereo isomers of Tartaric acid and identify the different types of isomers.
OR
What is Wolf-Kishner’s reduction? Explain its mechanism and applications.
4. Explain the reactivity and orientation of pyridine towards nucleophilic substitutions.
OR
Discuss conformational isomers in n-butane and their relative stability.
5. Write two methods of synthesis and chemical reactions of Thiazole.
6. Explain Schmidt rearrangement, giving the mechanism involved.
7. Define and explain with examples on stereo specific and stereo selective reactions.
8. Explain partial asymmetric synthesis with examples.
9. Write two methods of synthesis and chemical reactions of Pyrimidine.

SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks

10. Write one methods for the synthesis of Isoquinoline.
11. Write the structure and medicinal uses of any two Quinoline derivatives.
12. Draw the conformations of Ethane. Which isomer is more stable, why?
13. Write the structure and medicinal uses of any one Pyrazole and imidazole.
14. Which is more basic, Pyrazole or Imidazole? Give reasons why?
15. What is Dakin’s reaction? Give an example.
16. What are diazines? Give the name and structure of isomeric diazines.
17. How does Pyrrole undergo? is) Mannich’s reaction ii) Vilsmeyer’s reaction
18. What are Atropisomerim? Illustrate with an example.
19. Differentiate between Chiral and Achiral molecules, give examples.

*****
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
Fourth Semester B. Pharm Degree Examination – 01-Jun-2023
Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 75

MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY - I
Q.P. CODE: 5014
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary
All the Questions are compulsory
LONG ESSAYS 2 x 10 = 20 Marks
1. Define sedatives and hypnotics. Discuss the SAR of benzodiazepines. Outline the synthesis of and
specific uses of Diazepam.
OR
Define and classify adrenergic agents. Discuss the SAR of adrenergic agents. Write the synthesis
of salbutamol.

2. a) What are general anaesthetics? Classify them with structural examples. Outline the
synthesis of halothane and methohexitol sodium
b) Write the SAR of morphine with respect to its nuclear modifications.
SHORT ESSAYS 7 x 5 = 35 Marks
3. Discuss the reduction reactions in drug metabolism.
OR
Explain the role of hydrogen bonding on drug action, giving examples.
4. Explain the role of Cytochrome P-450 and mono oxygenase in biotransformation.
OR
What are adrenergic blockers? Give the structure and uses of any three of them. Write the
synthesis of propranolol.
5. Discuss the biosynthesis and metabolism of acetyl choline. Give its functions.
6. Explain about reversible and irreversible cholinesterase inhibitors.
7. What are cholinergic blockers? List out their therapeutic importance. Write the synthesis of
Dicyclomine hydrochloride.
8. Classify barbiturates with structural examples. Write their general mode of action and therapeutic
uses.
9. Outline the synthesis and uses of Ibuprofen and Fantanyl citrate.
SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks
10. Distinguish between phase-I and phase-II biotransformations.
11. What do you meant bioisosterism? Give examples.
12. Write the structure and uses of Methyldopa and Pilocorpine.
13. Give the structure, uses of metoprolol and Phentolamine.
14. Write about nicotinic receptors, their types and functions.
15. Give the synthesis of Tolazoline and mention its uses.
16. Differentiate between physostigmine and neostigmine.
17. Give the structure, uses of Benzotropine mesylate and Scopolamine hydrobromide.
18. Outline the synthesis and uses of chlorpromazine hydrochloride.
19. Write the structure and specific uses of any two Narcotic antagonists.
*****
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
Fourth Semester B. Pharm Degree Examination – 03-Jun-2023
Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 75 Marks
Physical Pharmaceutics - II
Q.P. CODE: 5015
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary
All the Questions are compulsory.

LONG ESSAYS 2 x 10 = 20 Marks

1. Derive the equation for the determination of rate constant, half life and shelf life for zero order
reaction kinetics.
OR
Discuss electrical properties of colloids and add a note on purification of colloids.
2. Explain methods to determine particle size

SHORT ESSAYS 7 x 5 = 35 Marks

3. Note on measurement of thixotropy.
OR
Briefly explain the preventive measures for chemical degradation by hydrolysis.
4. Write the principle and working of cup and bob viscometer with a neat diagram.
OR
What are the factors affecting chemical degradation of pharmaceutical product?
5. Write a note on effect of electrolytes on colloids.
6. Explain plastic and elastic deformation.
7. Write a note on stability of emulsion.
8. Explain Newtonian system of flow of fluids with examples.
9. Define surface area. Discuss the air permeability method for determination of surface area.

SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks

10. Write Arrhenius equation with its significance.
11. Define half life and shelf life.
12. Bulges and spurs.
13. Shear thinning and shear thickening system.
14. Void volume and porosity.
15. Angle of repose.
16. What is plug flow?
17. Electro-osmosis and Electrophoresis.
18. Coacervation.
19. Flocculated and deflocculated suspension.

*****
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
Fourth Semester B. Pharm Degree Examination – 06-Jun-2023

Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 75 Marks

PHARMACOLOGY - I
Q.P. CODE: 5016
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
All the Questions are compulsory.
LONG ESSAYS 2 x 10 = 20 Marks
1. Enumerate the different mechanisms by which the drugs produce their effect. Write a note on
synergistic effect.
OR
What is epilepsy? Classify antiepileptics with examples. Write the pharmacology of Phenytoin.
2. What are CNS stimulants ? Classify them with example and write the pharmacology of
caffeine.

SHORT ESSAYS 7 x 5 = 35 Marks

3. Explain pharmacovigilance with applications.
OR
Classify Neuromuscular Blocker. Write a note on d-Tuborcurarine.
4. Classify  - adrenergic receptor antagonists with examples.
OR
Classify antidepressants, note on imipramine.
5. Biotransformation of drugs.
6. Write the pharmacology of morphine.
7. What do you mean by myasthenia gravis? Explain how cholinergic drugs used in myasthenia
gravis.
8. Write about management of opioid poisoning
9. What measures are taken to overcome alcohol addiction?

SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks

10. Explain drug tolerance.
11. Define volume of distribution.
12. Therapeutic uses of atropine.
13. Define sedative and hypnotics with examples.
14. List out the drugs used in treatment of Alzheimer’s diseases.
15. Enlist the adverse reactions of Lidocaine.
16. Explain the role of glycine in neurotransmission.
17. Name four muscarinic receptor blockers.
18. Define Tachyphylaxis and Idiosyncrasy
19. Define therapeutic index.

*****
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
Fourth Semester B. Pharm Degree Examination – 08-Jun-2023

Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 75

PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY - I

Q.P. CODE: 5017
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
All the Questions are compulsory

LONG ESSAYS 2 x 10 = 20 Marks

1. Describe the methods of evaluation of crude drugs with examples.
OR
What are tannins? Classify them with examples. Give the chemical tests.
2. Write a note on cultivation, advantages and disadvantages of cultivation, add a note on
factors affecting cultivation.

SHORT ESSAYS 7 x 5 = 35 Marks

3. Biological source, chemical constituents and uses of cotton and jute
OR
What is plant tissue culture? Explain different types of tissue culture.
4. Give production and uses of Streptokinase.
OR
Write a note on resins.
5. Explain the chemical test for Acacia and Gelatin.
6. Classify medicinal agents from marine sources with examples.
7. Define adulteration and write a detailed note on different methods of adulteration of crude
drugs.
8. Write a note on Lycopodium spore method.
9. Write the biological source and method of preparation of castor oil.

SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks

10. Uses of Auxins.
11. Basic principles of Homeopathy.
12. Give the source and uses of Papain and Bromolein.
13. Define stomatal Index and stomatal number
14. Identification tests for cardiac glycosides.
15. Natural allergens.
16. Define the term organ culture.
17. What are edible vaccines?
18. Write the significance of hybridization.
19. Biological source, chemical constituent and uses of beeswax.

*****
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
Fourth Semester B. Pharm Degree Examination – 03-Nov-2023

Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 75 Marks

Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry - III
Q.P. CODE: 5013
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary
All the Questions are compulsory.

LONG ESSAYS 2 x 10 = 20 Marks

1. Discuss the nomenclature of optical isomers by R S and D L system of configuration.
OR
Explain the stereochemistry of Biphenyl and conditions required for optical activity.

2. Give the methods of synthesis and chemical reactions of Furan and Pyrrole.

SHORT ESSAYS 7 x 5 = 35 Marks

3. Explain the reaction of chiral molecules in which bonds to the chiral centre are not broken
and generation of second chiral centre.
OR
Write the possible of stereoisomers of 2,3-dichlorobutane and identify the different types of
isomers.
4. Discuss the various conformational isomers of cyclohexane.
OR
Write a note on aromaticity and reactivity of Thiophene.
5. Write the method of synthesis and chemical reactions of Isoquinoline.
6. Outline the synthesis and reactions of Oxazole
7. Discuss the systematic nomenclature of heterocyclic compounds.
8. Explain the mechanism involved in Schmidt rearrangement.
9. Write the mechanism of Oppenauer-oxidation reaction.

SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks

10. Define diastereoisomerism with example.
11. Define plane of symmetry with example.
12. Illustrate with example of Syn and Anti system of nomenclature
13. Define Stereoselective reaction with suitable example.
14. Explain the basicity of pyridine.
15. Write the structure and medicinal uses of Pyrrole derivative.
16. Write any one method of synthesis of Acridine.
17. Give the basic structure and uses of Pyrimidine.
18. Give the structure and use of Sodium Borohydride.
19. What is Dakin reaction?

*****
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
Fourth Semester B. Pharm Degree Examination – 06-Nov-2023

Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 75

Medicinal Chemistry - I
Q.P. CODE: 5014
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary
All the Questions are compulsory

LONG ESSAYS 2 x 10 = 20 Marks

1. Define and classify adrenergic agents. Discuss the chemistry of adrenergic blocking agents in
detail and give the synthesis of propranolol.
OR
Define and classify sedatives and hypnotics with examples. Explain the SAR of barbiturates.
Write the synthesis of barbital.
2. What is general anaesthesia? Classify general anaesthetics with structural examples. Outline
the synthesis of Ketamine hydrochloride and explain its mechanism of action.

SHORT ESSAYS 7 x 5 = 35 Marks

3. Discuss reductive and hydrolytic drug metabolism with their importance.
OR
Explain the role of solubility and hydrogen bonding in biological actions of drug.
4. Explain optical and geometrical isomerism in relation to biological action.
OR
Write the structure, mechanism of action and uses of Oxymetazoline and Clonidine.
5. Explain the biosynthesis of acetyl choline and its function via various receptors.
6. Discuss the SAR of cholinolytic agents.
7. Explain the role of cholinesterase enzyme. Write the Synthesis, mechanism of action and uses
of neostigmine.
8. Write the structure and uses of Promazine Hydrochloride, Triflupromazine and
Trifluoperazine.
9. Write the SAR of morphine with respect to its nuclear modifications.

SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks

10. Write a note on sites of biotransformation
11. Give the importance of partition coefficient in drug action
12. Write a short note on non-selective beta blockers.
13. Write any two drug structures used in the treatment of asthama.
14. Write the structure and uses of Carvedilol.
15. Give the synthesis of carbachol
16. Write the structure and uses of Atropine sulphate.
17. Write the structure and uses of Benzotropine mesylate.
18. Write the structure and specific uses of Alprazolam.
19. Write the structure and specific uses of Sulindac.
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
Fourth Semester B. Pharm Degree Examination – 08-Nov-2023

Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 75 Marks

PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS - II
Q.P. CODE: 5015
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
All the Questions are compulsory.

LONG ESSAYS 2 x 10 = 20 Marks

1. Define Colloids. Describe optical and kinetic properties of colloids.
OR
Define Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids. Explain the thixotropic properties of Non-
Newtonian liquids.
2. Explain the causes for instability in emulsions. How emulsions can be stabilized?

SHORT ESSAYS 7 x 5 = 35 Marks

3. Describe Donnan membrane equilibrium. Give its applications.
OR
Explain principle and working of Cup and Bob viscometer.
4. Differentiate elastic and plastic deformation of solids.
OR
Define angle of repose and discuss any one method to determine it. Give its significance.
5. Draw and explain particles frequency distribution curve.
6. Write a note on accelerated stability studies
7. How do you protect drugs against oxidative breakdown?
8. Discuss the evaluation of physical stability of suspension by sedimentation volume and degree
of flocculation.
9. Write a note on theories of emulsification.

SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks

10. Define gold number of protective colloid.
11. What is Faraday Tyndall effect?
12. Define Yield value.
13. Give the advantages of cone and plate viscometer.
14. Define rheology and mention its application.
15. Why flocculated particles settle rapidly compared to deflocculated particles?
16. Define stokes diameter.
17. Give the applications of micromeritics.
18. What is pseudo first order reaction?
19. Define molecularity of a reaction.

*****
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
Fourth Semester B. Pharm Degree Examination – 10-Nov-2023

Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 75 Marks

PHARMACOLOGY - I
Q.P. CODE: 5016
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
All the Questions are compulsory.
LONG ESSAYS 2 x 10 = 20 Marks
1. Explain the principles and mechanism of drug actions. Explain in detail enzyme linked receptors.
OR
What are sympatholytics? Classify sympatholytics. Explain in detail pharmacology of any one -
receptor blocker.

2. What are sedative and hypnotics. Classify with examples. Add a note on long acting
barbiturates.

SHORT ESSAYS 7 x 5 = 35 Marks

3. What are different routes of drug administration. Explain advantage and disadvantage
of each route of drug administration.
OR
Short notes on drug discovery phases.
4. Explain the adverse drug interactions.
OR
Classify sympathomimetics. Explain the mechanism of action of adrenaline and its uses.
5. Explain the neurohumoral transmission.
6. Explain in detail various pre-anaesthetic medications with examples.
7. Short note on antiepileptic agents.
8. Classify anti Parkinson’s disease agents. Add a note on L-Dopa.
9. What are different nature and source of drugs?

SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks

10. What is Drug tolerance? Give examples.
11. What are spare receptors? Give examples.
12. What is Pharmacodynamics? Enlist the targets for drugs.
13. Write the uses and side effect of D-tubocurarine.
14. Enlist the centrally acting muscle relaxants and write their uses.
15. What is Drug Addiction? Give example of drugs causing Addiction.
16. Enlist drugs used in treatment of myasthenia gravis.
17. What is Pharmacovigilance?
18. Write the classification of local anaesthetics with examples.
19. Enlist drugs used as Anti-depressants.

*****
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
Fourth Semester B. Pharm Degree Examination – 15-Nov-2023

Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 75

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry - I

Q.P. CODE: 5017
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary
All the Questions are compulsory.

LONG ESSAYS 2 x 10 = 20 Marks

1. Define pharmacognosy. Explain the History and Scope of Pharmacognosy.
OR
Explain in detail about factors affecting the cultivation of Medicinal plants.
2. Elaborate on Ayurveda and Homeopathic system of Medicine.

SHORT ESSAYS 7 x 5 = 35 Marks

3. Write the applications of Plant tissue culture.
OR
Explain Quantitative microscopic method in evaluation of crude drugs.
4. List the various sources of crude drugs with examples.
OR
Mention the plant hormones and give their applications.
5. Explain the conservation of medicinal plants.
6. Classify resins with examples.
7. Give the B.S, Chemical nature and uses of Cotton and Jute.
8. Give the biological source, chemistry and method of preparation of Urokinase.
9. What are Hallucinogens and Teratogens?

SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks

10. Define Garbling in processing of crude drugs.
11. Define mutation and polyploidy.
12. What are edible vaccines?
13. Explain the different types of cell suspension cultures.
14. What are Bioflavonoids? Write their classification.
15. Differentiate Cardenolides from Bufadienolides
16. Differentiate Agar from Acacia by chemical tests
17. Define Proteins and enzymes.
18. Method of detection of Honey
19. Name any four anticancer marine drugs.

*****
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
Fourth Semester B. Pharm Degree Examination – 11-Nov-2021

Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 75 Marks

Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry - III
Q.P. CODE: 5013
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary
All the Questions are compulsory.

LONG ESSAYS 2 x 10 = 20 Marks

1. What are symmetric and asymmetric molecules? Explain asymmetric synthesis.
OR
Discuss the methods used to determine the configuration of geometrical isomers.

2. Give the methods of synthesis and chemical reactions of Furan and Thiophen

SHORT ESSAYS 7 x 5 = 35 Marks

3. Write a note on R&S system of configuration.
OR
Describe the reaction of chiral molecules in which bonds to the chiral centre are broken.

4. Discuss conformation isomers in n-butane.

OR
Write a note on basicity and reactivity of Pyrrole.
5. Explain the relative aromaticity and reactivity of Furan in contrast to Thiophene and Pyrrole.
6. Write synthesis and reactions of Imidazole.
7. Write the synthesis and reactions of Pyridine.
8. Explain the mechanism involved in Claisen-Schmidt condensation.
9. Write the Birch reduction reaction.

SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks

10. Define centre of symmetry with example.
11. What are Meso compounds? Give example.
12. What are Atropisomerism? Write the example.
13. Define Stereoselective reaction with example.
14. Write the resonance structures of Pyrrole.
15. Write the structure and medicinal uses of Thiophene derivative.
16. Write any one method of synthesis of Pyrazole.
17. Write the basic structure and uses of Purine.
18. Give the structure and use of Sodium Borohydride (NaBH4).
19. What is Oppenauer-oxidation reaction?

*****
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
Fourth Semester B. Pharm Degree Examination – 16-Nov-2021
Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 75 Marks
MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY - I
Q.P. CODE: 5014
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
All the Questions are compulsory.
LONG ESSAYS 2 x 10 = 20 Marks
1. Define and classify antipsychotic agents with example. Write the SAR of phenothiazines and
write the synthesis of Chlorpromazine.
OR
What are narcotic analgesics? Discuss in details the peripheral modifications in Morphine.
Outline the synthesis of methadone.
2. a) What are adrenergic neurotransmitters? Give examples. Write their biosynthesis and
metabolism.
b) Discuss the SAR of sympathomimetic agents.
SHORT ESSAYS 7 x 5 = 35 Marks
3. Explain the role of hydrogen bonding and partition coefficient on drug action.
OR
Explain in detail about factors effecting drug metabolism.
4. Explain the role of bio isosterism and geometrical isomerism on drug action.
OR
Write about direct acting cholinergic agent with examples. Write the synthesis of carbachol.
5. Write the synthesis of Diocyclomine HCl and Procyclidine HCl, give their uses.
6. Write the structure in uses of the following
a) Neostigmine b) Ambenonium chloride c) Tropicamide d) Pralidoxine chloride
e) Scopolamine
7. Define and classify general anesthetics with examples. Explain their mode of action.
8. Write a note on hydantoins used as anti convulsants. Outline the synthesis of any one.
9. Explain direct acting sympathomimetic agent with structures. Mention their uses. Write the
synthesis of any one.

SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks

10. Write the structure and uses of Ephedrine and Methyldopa.
11. Write the structure and uses of Ibuprofen and Diclofenac.
12. Give examples for cholinesterase inhibitors. Write the structure of any one.
13. Write the structure and uses of Parathion and Malathion.
14. Write the structure and functions of acetyl choline.
15. Give two examples for hydrolytic reactions in drug metabolism.
16. Write the importance of glucuronic acid in drug metabolism.
17. Write the synthesis and uses of Torazoline.
18. What are mixed acting sympathomimetics? Give two structural examples.
19. Write the structure and uses of Metapralol and Prazocine.

*****
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
Fourth Semester B. Pharm Degree Examination – 18-Nov-2021
Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 75 Marks
Physical Pharmaceutics - II
Q.P. CODE: 5015
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary
All the Questions are compulsory.

LONG ESSAYS 2 x 10 = 20 Marks

1. Explain different methods of preparation and purification of colloids.
OR
With the help of neat diagram explain the working principle of Cup and bob and Cone and plate
viscometer with its advantages and disadvantages.
2. What is meant by controlled flocculation? Discus various means by which controlled flocculation
can be achieved with example.

SHORT ESSAYS 7 x 5 = 35 Marks

3. Explain kinetic properties of colloids.
OR
Explain protection of colloids.
4. Explain the mechanism of thixotropy with example.
OR
Write the various identification tests for different types of emulsions.
5. With the help of neat diagram explain Andreason’s pipette method to determine the particle
size.
6. With the help of a neat diagram explain principle and working of coulter counter method to
determine the particle size.
7. Explain porosity. Give its applications in pharmacy.
8. Define order of reaction. Explain the substitution method for determination of order of reaction.
9. Explain the preventive measures for chemical degradation due to hydrolysis and oxidation.

SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks

10. What is Tyndall effect?
11. Define zeta potential with example.
12. Define Viscosity along with its units of expressions.
13. Define Newton’s law of flow with equation.
14. Define creaming and cracking.
15. Define HLB value and Griffins HLB scale.
16. What is compressibility index?
17. What is void volume and porosity?
18. Define zero order reaction with suitable example.
19. Define shelf life of a medicinal product.

*****
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
Fourth Semester B. Pharm Degree Examination – 23-Nov-2021

Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 75 Marks

PHARMACOLOGY - I
Q.P. CODE: 5016
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
All the Questions are compulsory

LONG ESSAYS 2 x 10 = 20 Marks

1. Classify drug-drug interactions. Explain in detail the pharmacokinetics drug-drug interaction
with examples.
OR
Classify sedative and hypnotic drugs with examples, write the pharmacology of
benzodiazepines.
2. Classify antidepressant drugs with examples and write the pharmacology of imipramine

SHORT ESSAYS 7 x 5 = 35 Marks

3. Write about agonist, antagonist and different types of antagonism with examples.
OR
Write notes on different routes of drug elimination.
4. Discuss about the mechanism of action of drugs.
OR
Write in brief about adverse reactions of the drugs.
5. Write a note on drugs used in the treatment of Myasthenia gravis.
6. Write in brief about anti epileptic drugs.
7. Write brief notes on opioid antagonistic drugs.
8. Write notes on centrally acting muscle relaxant agents.
9. Explain the pharmacology sympathomimetic agents.

SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks

10. Write notes on spare receptors.
11. Write a brief note on Tachyphylaxis.
12. Importance of the combined effect of the drugs.
13. What is dose response relationship?
14. Classification of parasympatholytic agents.
15. Note on Preanaesthetic agents.
16. Mention about Hallucinogenic agents.
17. Enlist drugs used in Alzheimer disease.
18. Drugs used as Antiparkinsonian agents.
19. Define drug abuse with suitable examples.

*****
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
Fourth Semester B. Pharm Degree Examination – 25-Nov-2021
Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 75 Marks

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry -I

Q.P. CODE: 5017
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary
All the Questions are compulsory.

LONG ESSAYS 2 x 10 = 20 Marks

1. Explain history, scope and development of Pharmacognosy.
OR
Define plant tissue culture. Explain lab requirements and general method involved in plant tissue
culture.
2. Define cultivation. Explain various factors affecting cultivation.

SHORT ESSAYS 7 x 5 = 35 Marks

3. Explain drying methods of crude drugs.
OR
Explain modern pharmacognosy.
4. Explain callus culture.
OR
Explain plant growth regulators in plant tissue culture.
5. Explain the principle involved in Ayurveda and Homoeopathy.
6. Define Tannins. Classify them with examples. Give the chemical tests for Tannins.
7. Explain Pepsin and Gelatin.
8. Explain about natural allergens.
9. Explain various methods of analysis of Proteins and Fats.

SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks

10. Write chemical tests for Tragacanth.
11. Explain method of production of Urokinase.
12. Write source and adulterants of Honey.
13. Write general tests for Alkaloids.
14. Explain the terms : a) Totipotency b) Synthetic seed
15. Write the applications of plant tissue culture.
16. Define Polyploidy and mutation.
17. Write the functions of Trichomes and Stomata.
18. Define Stomatal number and Stomatal Index.
19. Enlist chemical properties of Glycosides.

*****
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
Fourth Semester B. Pharm Degree Examination – 14-Jun-2022
Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 75 Marks

Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry - III

Q.P. CODE: 5013
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary
All the Questions are compulsory.
LONG ESSAYS 2 x 10 = 20 Marks
1. Give the general methods of preparation and chemical reactions of Pyrrole and Thiophene.
OR

RY
Explain the concept of chirality and chiral carbons? Discuss the different reactions of chiral
molecules.

2. Explain in detail the stereochemistry of Biphenyl analogs and the conditions required for
their optical activity.

A
SHORT ESSAYS 7 x 5 = 35 Marks
3. Outline the reaction mechanism of Skraup’s Quinoline synthesis and give its applications.
OR

4.
BR
Write the synthetic importance of LiAlH4 giving reactions. Explain the mechanism of
reduction of carbonyl compounds.
Write the synthesis and chemical reactions of Acridine.
OR
Discuss conformational isomers in cyclohexane and their relative stability.
LI
5. What is Beckmann’s rearrangement? Explain its mechanism and applications.
6. What are heterocyclic compounds? Write their system of nomenclature.
7. Write notes on E & Z and syn-anti system of nomenclature.
8. Explain partial and absolute asymmetric synthesis with examples.
R

9. Distinguish between configuration and conformation. Explain the conformation in n-Butane.

S

SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks

IP

10. How do you prepare Furoic acid from Furan?

11. Write the structure and medicinal uses of any two Pyrimidine derivatives.
12. Write the possible stereoisomer’s of 2, 3-dibromobutane.
M

13. What is acridine? Give the structure and use of any one acridine drug.
14. What are axial and equatorial bonds? Illustrate with an example.
15. What is Wolff Kishner’s reduction reaction? Give an example.
G

16. Define alternative axis of symmetry with a suitable example.

17. How does alk. KMnO4 react with Quinoline and Isoquinoline?
18. Define with an example on Meso compound.
19. Explain why Furan readily undergoes Diel’s Alder reaction, but thiophene does not? Give an
example.

*****
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
Fourth Semester B. Pharm Degree Examination – 16-Jun-2022
Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 75 Marks
MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY - I
Q.P. CODE: 5014
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
All the Questions are compulsory.

LONG ESSAYS 2 x 10 = 20 Marks

1. Define and classify Anticonvulsants giving examples with one structure from each class.
Outline the synthesis and uses of Carbamazepine and Phenytoin.

RY
OR
What are Anti-inflammatory agents? Classify them with examples. Discuss their mechanism
of action. Write the synthesis of Mefenamic acid.
2. What are Sympathomimetic agents? Discuss their classification and SAR. Give the synthesis
of Salbutamol.

RA
SHORT ESSAYS 7 x 5 = 35 Marks
3. Define and classify general anesthetic agents with example. Write their mode of action.
OR
Discuss the SAR of benzodiazepines.
4. Write a note on cholinesterase inhibitors. Giving examples and mode of action.
OR
B
What are cholinergic agents? Classify them with examples and structures.
LI
5. Classify synthetic anticholinergics with examples. outline the synthesis and uses of
Procyclidine HCl.
6. Classify alpha adrenergic blockers with examples. Write the synthesis and uses of
Tolazoline.
7. Explain the role of solubility and partition co-efficient on drug action.
SR

8. Define ligand and chelate. Explain the role of chelating agents on drugs action.
9. What is Phase-I biotransformation? Explain oxidation reactions with examples.

SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks

IP

10. Write a note on optical isomerism and its importance on drug action.
11. Give two examples for methylation reaction on drug metabolism.
12. Write a note on adrenergic alpha receptors.
M

13. Write the biosynthesis of norepinephrine.

14. What are selective and non selective beta blockers? Give one example for each.
15. Write the structure and uses of Diazepam and Glutethimide.
G

16. Write a note on Muscarinic receptors.

17. Write a structure and uses of Pilocarpine. Write its possible side effects.
18. Write the name and structure of two irreversible cholinesterase inhibitors.
19. Write the structure and uses of chlorpromazine and Triclofos sodium.

*****
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
Fourth Semester B. Pharm Degree Examination – 02-Jul-2022
Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 75 Marks
Physical Pharmaceutics - II
Q.P. CODE: 5015
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary
All the Questions are compulsory.

LONG ESSAYS 2 x 10 = 20 Marks

1. What are colloids? Give example. Explain any four methods of preparation of different types of
colloids.
OR
Define Newtonian flow of liquids. Explain shear thinning system of liquids with graphical
representation.
2. Discuss various theories of emulsification.

SHORT ESSAYS 7 x 5 = 35 Marks

3. Explain the concept of DLVO theory with energy curves. How this theory is applied in stabilizing
the colloidal dispersion.
OR
Explain any two methods of purification of colloids.
4. Explain any two physical instability parameters in an emulsion.
OR
Explain the physical stability of suspension.
5. How do you represent particle size distribution?
6. With the help of neat diagram explain principle and working of coulter counter method to
determine the particle size.
7. Define angle of repose. Explain the method to determine the same.
8. Write short notes on accelerated stability studies and application in pharmacy.
9. Explain factors affecting rate of a chemical reaction.

SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks

10. State and explain Hardy schulze rule.
11. What is gold number?
12. Define Rheology. Give any two applications.
13. What is Negative thixotropy?
14. Define sedimentation volume and degree of flocculation.
15. Define HLB value and Griffins HLB scale.
16. Define poly disperse system.
17. What is bulk density ant true density?
18. Define molecularity of a reaction with example.
19. Define first order reaction with suitable example.

*****
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
Fourth Semester B. Pharm Degree Examination – 22-Jun-2022

Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 75 Marks

PHARMACOLOGY - I
Q.P. CODE: 5016
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
All the Questions are compulsory.

RY
LONG ESSAYS 2 x 10 = 20 Marks
1. What are ion channel receptors? Explain their transduction mechanism.
OR
What are the non-selective beta blockers? Explain the pharmacology of any one non-selective β
blocker.

A
2. Classify anti epileptics with examples. Explain the pharmacology of phenytoin.

BR
SHORT ESSAYS 7 x 5 = 35 Marks
3. Write about the enzyme induction and inhibition with examples.
OR
Write a note on metabolism of drugs by Phase-I reactions.
4. Explain the pharmacodynamic drug-drug interactions.
OR
LI
What are the different steps involved in drug discovery?
5. Write the pharmacology of dopamine.
6. Write the pharmacology of physostigmine.
7. Explain the pharmacology of any one of the benzodiazepines.
R

8. Explain the pharmacology of any one of the centrally acting muscle relaxants.
9. Explain about drug tolerance.
S

SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks

10. Write notes on idiosyncrasy.
IP

11. Write notes on addiction.

12. What is the significance of therapeutic index?
13. What is dose response relationship?
M

14. Classify parasympathomimetic agents.

15. What are the drugs used in glaucoma?
16. Which drugs are used as preanaesthetic agents?
G

17. What is the mechanism of action of Disulfiram?

18. What is drug addiction?
19. Classify opioid analgesics with examples.

*****
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
Fourth Semester B. Pharm Degree Examination – 24-Jun-2022

Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 75 Marks

PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY - I

Q.P. CODE: 5017
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
All the Questions are compulsory.

RY
LONG ESSAYS 2 x 10 = 20 Marks
1. What are unorganized drugs? Discuss methods to evaluate unorganized drugs. Write a note on
Adulteration of crude drugs.
OR
What are growth regulators? Discuss Auxins and cytokinines as plant growth regulation.

A
2. What are Glycosides? Classify glycosides with suitable examples.

BR
SHORT ESSAYS 7 x 5 = 35 Marks
3. What is quantitative microscopy? Explain Lycopodium Spore method in detail with an example.
OR
Write overview of historical development of plant tissue culture.
4. Write a note on factors affecting collection of crude drugs.
OR
LI
Explain ‘Pancha Mahabhuta’ theory in detail.
5. Write the pharmacognosy of Tragacanth.
6. Write scope and development of Pharmacognosy.
7. What are plant fibers? Give the preparation of Cotton.
R

8. Define polyploidy. Write the role of polyploidy on crop improvement.

9. Explain various nutritional requirements of plant tissue culture media.
S

SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks

IP

10. What is mutation? Give its types.

11. What is coppicing and felling?
12. Define and enlist Edaphic factors.
M

13. State four hour humours of body according to Unani System Medicine.
14. Explain Brontrager’s test.
15. State and explain Law of Similars.
G

16. Define the terms: a) Callus and b) Organogenesis.

17. Give botanical source and family of Honey and Chaulmoogra oil.
18. Define Teratogens.
19. Give any two applications of Tissue Culture in Pharmacognosy.

*****
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
Fourth Semester B. Pharm Degree Examination – 16-Nov-2022

Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 75 Marks

PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - III

Q.P. CODE: 5013
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
All the Questions are compulsory.
LONG ESSAYS 2 x 10 = 20 Marks
1. Define configuration. Discuss the D-L and R-S system of nomenclature in detail.
OR
Define conformations. Write about the factors affecting stability of conformations. Explain
the conformations in cyclohexane and their energy relationships.

2. Describe the various methods of preparations and chemical reactions of thiophene. Give the
structure and medicinal uses of any two thiophene analogs.

SHORT ESSAYS 7 x 5 = 35 Marks

3. Explain the different types of elements of symmetry with suitable examples.
OR
Discuss any three reactions of chiral molecules.
4. What are geometrical isomers? Discuss their conditions and nomenclature.
OR
What are heterocyclic compounds? Discuss the nomenclature of them.
5. Discuss the aromatic behaviour of thiophene. Explain how its aromaticity is compared with
Furan.
6. Write any two methods of synthesis and chemical reactions of thiazole.
7. Write any two methods of synthesis and chemical reactions of quinoline.
8. What is Beckmann’s rearrangement? Give its applications and mechanism.
9. Define and explain Clemmenson’s reduction with examples and mechanism.

SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks

10. Define the terms a) Optical activity b) Chirality.
11. Differentiate plane polarized light and monochromatic light.
12. Define Atropisomerism. Give its conditions.
13. What are Stereo selective reactions? Give an example.
14. Give reason why pyrrole behaves as a weak base.
15. Write the structure and medicinal use of any two furan derivatives.
16. Write the structure and medicinal use of any two imidazoles.
17. Write the reactions in Fisher indole synthesis.
18. What is Birch reduction? Give an example.
19. Write Dakin’s reduction. Give an example.

*****
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
Fourth Semester B. Pharm Degree Examination – 18-Nov-2022

Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 75

Medicinal Chemistry - I
Q.P. CODE: 5014
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary
All the Questions are compulsory
LONG ESSAYS 2 x 10 = 20 Marks
1. Define and classify beta adrenergic blocking agents and write their SAR. Outline the
synthesis of propranolol.
OR
What are anticonvulsants? Classify chemically with an example each. Enumerate the
structure, chemical name; synthesis and specific use any one anticonvulsant.

2. Define anti-inflammatory drugs. Write the structure and uses of any four such drugs. Write
the synthesis of Ibuprofen.
SHORT ESSAYS 7 x 5 = 35 Marks
3. Define and classify biotransformation of drugs. What is its importance? Write the sites of
biotransformation.
OR
Write in detail ionization and solubility as an important physicochemical parameter in
predicting in biological action of drugs.
4. Explain the importances of optical activity and bioisosterism in drug action.
OR
Explain the mechanism of action and uses a) Terbutaline b) Ephedrine c) Methysergide
d) Atenolol
5. What are solanaceous alkaloids? Give examples. Write the synthesis and specific use of
Ipratropium bromide.
6. Discuss the SAR of parasympathomimetic agents.
7. Discuss the role of acetylcholinesterase in the body. Classify acetylcholine inhibitors with
two examples each along with their specific uses.
8. What are ultra-short acting barbiturates? How are they useful? Name any two of them with
structures.
9. Discuss the SAR of Benzodiazepins. Write the structure and uses of Alprazolam.

SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks

10. Define Oxidation reactions in drug metabolism giving two examples
11. Write the diagrammatic representation of Cytochrome – P 450 role in drug metabolism
12. Write the structure and uses of Propronalal.
13. What is a catecholamine? Mention any two neurotransmitter catacholamines with their
biological functions.
14. Write a note on alpha receptors.
15. Write a note on Nicotinic receptors.
16. Write the structure and uses of Tridihexethyl chloride.
17. Write the structure and uses of Isopropamide iodide.
18. Write the mechanism of action of Phenobarbitone and Alprazolam.
19. Write the structure and specific uses Loperamide hydrochloride.
*****
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
Fourth Semester B. Pharm Degree Examination – 22-Nov-2022
Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 75 Marks
Physical Pharmaceutics - II
Q.P. CODE: 5015
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary
All the Questions are compulsory.

LONG ESSAYS 2 x 10 = 20 Marks

1. Discuss the electrical properties and kinetic properties of colloids.
OR
Define Thixotropy. Explain different methods for its determination and give its application in
pharmacy.
2. How do you prepare flocculated suspension? Define sedimentation volume and degree of
Flocculation.

SHORT ESSAYS 7 x 5 = 35 Marks

3. What are colloids? Classify the colloids. Differentiate between different types of colloids.
OR
Explain methods of purification of colloids with the help of neat labeled diagram.
4. Discuss plastic and pseudoplastic system of flow.
OR
Differentiate flocculated and de-flocculated suspension.
5. Enumerate methods to determine the particle size. Explain any two methods to determine the
particle size.
6. What are derived properties of powders? Explain any two.
7. What is specific surface area? How is it measured by air permeability method?
8. Explain the factors influencing the rate of reaction.
9. Define order of reaction. Explain the substitution method for determination of order of reaction.

SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks

10. What is Kraft point?
11. What is Hardy Schulze Rule?
12. Define Viscosity along with its units of expressions.
13. Define Newton’s law of flow with equation.
14. Define molecularity of reaction.
15. Define micro emulsion and multiple emulsions.
16. State stokes law.
17. What is particle size distribution and particle number?
18. Differentiate between half life and shelf life for a first order reaction.
19. Define pseudo zero order reaction with example.

*****
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
Fourth Semester B. Pharm Degree Examination – 24-Nov-2022

Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 75 Marks

PHARMACOLOGY - I
Q.P. CODE: 5016
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked.
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary.
All the Questions are compulsory.

LONG ESSAYS 2 x 10 = 20 Marks

1. Explain about the signal transduction mechanism of G-protein coupled receptors.
OR
Describe the neurohumoral transmission in adrenergic nervous system.
2. What are the different stages of general anaesthesia?

SHORT ESSAYS 7 x 5 = 35 Marks

3. Explain the Tachyphylaxis with examples.
OR
How the receptors regulate the transcription factors?
4. What are the factors modifying drug action?
OR
Write the pharmacology of Succinylcholine.
5. Write any five functions of the autonomic nervous system.
6. Classify Sympatholytic agents with examples.
7. What is the use of epidural anaesthesia?
8. What is the therapeutic application of Disulfiram?
9. What is the role of GABA in central nervous system?

SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks

10. What are agonists and give examples?
11. Explain the significance of volume of distribution.
12. What is the dose response relationship?
13. What are the applications of pharmacovigilance?
14. Classify anti-epileptic drugs with examples.
15. What are the therapeutic uses of benzodiazepines?
16. What is the therapeutic use of Naloxone?
17. Define drug abuse.
18. What is the role of glycine in central nervous system?
19. Write about the side effects of alcohol.

*****
 Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
Fourth Semester B. Pharm Degree Examination – 28-Nov-2022

Time: Three Hours Max. Marks: 75

PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY - I

Q.P. CODE: 5017
Your answers should be specific to the questions asked
Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary
All the Questions are compulsory

LONG ESSAYS 2 x 10 = 20 Marks

1. What is quantitative Microscopy? Explain quantitative microscopy and measurement of leaf
constants with suitable examples.
OR
Write a note on factors affecting cultivation. Explain Polyploidy and Mutation in brief.
2. Briefly discuss the principles of Ayurvedic System of Medicine.

SHORT ESSAYS 7 x 5 = 35 Marks

3. Give the applications of Plant tissue culture in Pharmacognosy.
OR
What is evaluation? Write a descriptive note on biological method of evaluation.
4. Define enzymes. Explain source and preparation of Urokinase.
OR
What are Phytohormones? Write a descriptive note on gibberellins.
5. Define and classify flavonoids with suitable examples. Describe chemical test for flavonoids.
6. What is a plant tissue culture media? Give various components of a medium and explain.
7. Write a note on Terratogens and natural Allergens.
8. Write a note on Morphological classification of Crude drugs.
9. Discuss pharmacognosy of acacia.

SHORT ANSWERS 10 x 2 = 20 Marks

10. Name any two novel marine drugs and give their sources, family and uses.
11. Describe any two chemical tests for Alkaloids.
12. Define the terms: a) Callus b) Totipotency
13. Siddha medicine.
14. State the functions of Cytokinins.
15. Describe Keller Killiani test.
16. What is organ culture? Give suitable examples.
17. Give general tests for Tannins.
18. Differentiate organized and unorganized crude drugs.
19. Give the botanical sources and uses of any two protein drugs.

*****