Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information

Candidate surname Other names

Centre Number Candidate Number

Pearson Edexcel
International
Advanced Level

WCH12 #2
Morning (Time: 1 hour 30 minutes) Paper Reference WCH12/01

Chemistry
International Advanced Subsidiary / Advanced Level
Unit 2: Energetics, Group Chemistry, Halogenoalkanes and
Alcohols
Candidates must have: Scientific calculator Total Marks
Data Booklet
Ruler

Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
• centre
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.

Information
• The total mark for this paper is 80.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• ability
In the question marked with an asterisk (*), marks will be awarded for your
to structure your answer logically, showing how the points that you make
are related or follow on from each other where appropriate.
• A Periodic Table is printed on the back cover of this paper.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Checkallyouryouranswers
Show working in calculations and include units where appropriate.
• if you have time at the end.

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 SECTION A

Answer ALL the questions in this section.

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You should aim to spend no more than 20 minutes on this section.

For each question, select one answer from A to D and put a cross in the box .
If you change your mind, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer
with a cross .

1 Calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid.

CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

Which factor does not affect the rate of this reaction?
A concentration
B pressure
C surface area

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D temperature
(Total for Question 1 = 1 mark)

2 The rate of a reaction doubles for each 10 K increase in temperature.

If the temperature of this reaction is increased from 298 K to 358 K the rate of the
reaction increases by a factor of
A 6
B 12
C 36
D 64

(Total for Question 2 = 1 mark)

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 3 A large amount of P is added to a small amount of Q. A reversible reaction occurs in
which P reacts to form Q.
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PUQ
Which graph shows how the concentrations of P and Q change as the reaction
reaches equilibrium?

Q
Concentration

A P

Time
Concentration

P
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Q
B

Time
Concentration

P Q

Time
Concentration

P
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D Q

Time

(Total for Question 3 = 1 mark)

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4 Which equilibrium shifts to the right-hand side when the pressure in the system
decreases at constant temperature?

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A N2(g) + 3H2(g) U 2NH3(g)
B F2(g) + H2(g) U 2HF(g)
C C6H6(g) + 3H2(g) U C6H12(g)
D 2NOCl(g) U 2NO(g) + Cl2(g)

(Total for Question 4 = 1 mark)

5 Potassium chloride reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid, producing misty fumes.
It can be deduced that
A sulfuric acid is acting as an oxidising agent
B chloride ions are acting as an oxidising agent
C hydrogen chloride is formed in the reaction

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D chlorine is formed in the reaction

(Total for Question 5 = 1 mark)

6 The oxidation number of sulfur in the sulfate ion, SO42–, is

A −2
B +4
C +6
D +8

(Total for Question 6 = 1 mark)

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 7 Which of these is a disproportionation reaction?
A 2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O
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B 6NaOH + 3Br2 → 5NaBr + NaBrO3 + 3H2O

C 2NaOH + 2Al + 2H2O → 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
D NaOH + CO2 → NaHCO3

(Total for Question 7 = 1 mark)

8 Which of these sulfates is the least soluble in water?

A CaSO4
B BaSO4
C K2SO4
D Rb2SO4
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(Total for Question 8 = 1 mark)

9 Use the data shown.

CH4(g) + 2F2(g) → CF4(g) + 2H2(g) ¨H = −858 kJ mol–1
C(s) + 2F2(g) → CF4(g) ¨H = −933 kJ mol–1
What is the standard enthalpy change of formation of methane (CH4) in kJ mol–1?
A −1791
B −75
C +75
D +1791

(Total for Question 9 = 1 mark)

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Use this space for any rough working. Anything you write in this space will gain no credit.

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10 Chlorine reacts with ethane to form chloroethane and hydrogen chloride.
Cl2 + C2H6 → C2H5Cl + HCl

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Bond enthalpy
Bond
/ kJ mol–1
C—Cl 346
C—H 413
Cl—Cl 243
H—Cl 432
C—C 347

What is the enthalpy change for the reaction, in kJ mol–1?

A −1434
B −122

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C +122
D +1434

(Total for Question 10 = 1 mark)

11 Which equation represents the standard enthalpy change of atomisation of bromine?

A Br2(g) → 2Br(g)
B Br2(l) → 2Br(g)
C ½Br2(l) → Br(g)
D ½Br2(g) → Br(g)

(Total for Question 11 = 1 mark)

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 12 In an experiment, 50.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm−3 HCl(aq) reacts with
50.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm−3 NaOH(aq).
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The energy released = 2500 J.

The specific heat capacity of the mixture is 4.18 J g−1 °C−1
What temperature change occurs in the reaction?
A an increase of 6.0°C
B a decrease of 6.0°C
C an increase of 12.0°C
D a decrease of 12.0°C

(Total for Question 12 = 1 mark)

13 Which of these species is not a nucleophile?

A NH4+
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B CN−
C H2O
D CH3NH2

(Total for Question 13 = 1 mark)

Use this space for any rough working. Anything you write in this space will gain no credit.
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14 Which of these isomers has the highest boiling temperature?

Cl

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A

B
Cl

C
Cl

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Cl
D

(Total for Question 14 = 1 mark)

Use this space for any rough working. Anything you write in this space will gain no credit.

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 15 A white solid, X, gives a red colour in the flame test and a cream precipitate forms
when acidified silver nitrate solution is added to a solution of X.
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(a) What is the white solid, X?

(1)
A lithium chloride
B calcium chloride
C strontium bromide
D barium bromide

(b) What causes the flame colour to be red?

(1)
A electrons absorb blue and green light as they are promoted
B electrons emit red light as they are promoted
C blue and green light is absorbed as electrons return to lower energy levels
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D red light is emitted as electrons return to lower energy levels

(Total for Question 15 = 2 marks)

Use this space for any rough working. Anything you write in this space will gain no credit.
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16 This question is about hydrogen bonding.
(a) Which property is not due to hydrogen bonding?

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(1)
A ice has a lower density than water at 0°C
B hydrogen fluoride has a higher boiling temperature than hydrogen chloride
C H—H bond enthalpy is greater than Si—H bond enthalpy
D alcohols are less volatile than alkanes with a similar molar mass

(b) Which diagram best represents a hydrogen bond between two water molecules?
(1)
180°
O
H H H
A
O

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H

180°
O
H H
B H
O

104.5° H

C
O O
H H H
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H 104.5°

O
H
D
H
O

(Total for Question 16 = 2 marks)

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 17 The graph shows how the concentration of a reactant changes with time.
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d
Concentration

0
0 b a
Time

Which expression gives the best estimate for the value of the rate of this
reaction at time b?
A b÷c
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B d÷a
C e÷a
D e÷b

(Total for Question 17 = 1 mark)

18 Which of these carboxylic acids would be expected to have a major peak at m / z = 57

in its mass spectrum?
A CH3CH2CH2COOH
B CH3COOH
C (CH3)2CHCOOH
D CH3CH2COOH

(Total for Question 18 = 1 mark)

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TOTAL FOR SECTION A = 20 MARKS

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 SECTION B
Answer ALL the questions.

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Write your answers in the spaces provided.
19 Iodine can be extracted from seaweed. The seaweed is heated strongly to burn off the
organic matter. The resultant ash is boiled in water to dissolve the iodide ions, and the
mixture is filtered.
(a) Acidified hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is added to the filtrate.
A redox reaction takes place with iodine and water as the only products.
(i) Write half-equations for the oxidation and reduction reactions that take place.
State symbols are not required.
(2)

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(ii) Use your answers to (a)(i) to write the overall equation for this redox reaction.
State symbols are not required.
(1)

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 (b) The iodine is separated from the aqueous solution using solvent extraction.
The aqueous solution is mixed with cyclohexane in a separating funnel,
forming two layers.
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The mixture is then shaken gently and left until the layers separate.
Most of the iodine dissolves in the cyclohexane layer.
(i) State the colour of each layer after separation.
(2)

Aqueous layer......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................. ........................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cyclohexane layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................ ................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(ii) Explain why iodine is very soluble in cyclohexane but only slightly soluble in water.
(2)

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(c) The cyclohexane layer is then removed from the separating funnel and dried.
Identify, by name or formula, a suitable drying agent.
(1)

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(Total for Question 19 = 8 marks)

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 20 This question is about compounds containing Group 2 elements.
(a) Hydrated magnesium nitrate has the formula Mg(NO3)2.xH2O.
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A student devised an experiment to determine the value of x by leaving 5.12 g of

hydrated magnesium nitrate for several hours in a warm oven. After this time, the
solid remaining had a mass of 2.97 g.
(i) State why the student used a warm oven to remove the water from the
hydrated salt, rather than direct heating with a Bunsen burner.
(1)

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(ii) Use the data obtained by the student to calculate the value of x.
You must show your working.
(4)
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 (b) Magnesium carbonate, MgCO3, is a white solid used as an additive in foods.
(i) Explain, in terms of energy changes, why magnesium carbonate is insoluble in water.

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(2)

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(ii) The Hess cycle and data to calculate the enthalpy change for the thermal
decomposition of MgCO3 are shown.

Mg(s) + C(s) + 1½O2(g) MgCO3(s)

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MgO(s) + CO2(g)

Compound ¨f H 9 / kJ mol–1
CO2(g) −394
MgO(s) −602
MgCO3(s) −1096

Calculate the enthalpy change for the thermal decomposition of MgCO3 .

(2)
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 (iii) Explain the trend in thermal stability of Group 2 carbonates.
(4)
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(Total for Question 20 = 13 marks)

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21 The halogenoalkane 1-chlorobutane reacts under suitable conditions with
potassium hydroxide to form the alcohol butan-1-ol.

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(a) (i) Name a suitable solvent for the potassium hydroxide in this reaction.
(1)

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(ii) State the type and mechanism of this reaction.

(1)

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(iii) Draw the mechanism for this reaction.

Use curly arrows, and show relevant dipoles and lone pairs.
(3)

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 (b) A student carried out the reaction.
After separation and purification, the mass of butan-1-ol formed was 12.1 g.
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The yield of the reaction was 64.0 %.

Calculate the volume of 1-chlorobutane used in the reaction.
Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.
[Density of 1-chlorobutane = 0.886 g cm–3]
(4)
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(Total for Question 21 = 9 marks)

19
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22 An alcohol Y has the structure shown.

OH

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(a) Describe a chemical test and its positive result for the alcohol
functional group in Y.
(2)

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(b) Y reacts with concentrated phosphoric(V) acid, H3PO4 , to form four isomers with
the molecular formula C10H18.
(i) Draw the skeletal formulae of the four isomers formed in this reaction.
(4)

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20
 (ii) Describe, by referring to wavenumbers and bonds, how the infrared spectra of
the isomers differ from the infrared spectrum of alcohol Y.
(2)
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(c) An isomer of Y, citronellol, has the systematic name 3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-ol.

Draw the structure of citronellol.
(2)
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(Total for Question 22 = 10 marks)

TOTAL FOR SECTION B = 40 MARKS

21
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 SECTION C
Answer ALL the questions.

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Write your answers in the spaces provided.
23 Propanoic acid, CH3CH2COOH, is a colourless liquid used as a preservative in animal feed.
Propanoic acid can be formed by oxidising the alcohol propan-1-ol.
(a) Write the balanced equation for the oxidation of propan-1-ol to form propanoic acid.
Use [O] to represent the oxygen from the oxidising agent.
State symbols are not required.
(1)

*(b) Propan-1-ol is heated with a concentrated solution of acidified

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potassium dichromate(VI).
Explain how the conditions used affect the rate of the reaction and ensure that
propanoic acid is the only organic product.
(6)

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22
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23
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 (c) A student suggested using universal indicator to check for the presence of
propanoic acid formed in the reaction mixture.

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Give a reason why the result of this test is not likely to be conclusive.
(1)

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(d) The permitted mass of propanoic acid used in animal feed is in the range
1000–3000 mg kg−1. A titration method may be used to check the concentration
of propanoic acid in animal feed.
A 50.0 cm3 sample of propanoic acid solution was extracted from 50 g
of an animal feed.
The sample was added to a volumetric flask and the volume made up to 250.0 cm3 and

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mixed thoroughly. A pipette was used to transfer 25.0 cm3 of the diluted acid into a
conical flask containing an indicator.
The contents of the conical flask were titrated with a solution of
sodium hydroxide, NaOH(aq), with concentration 0.00668 mol dm–3.
The procedure was repeated twice and the results obtained are shown.

Run 1 Run 2 Run 3

Titre / cm3 23.20 22.10 22.20

(i) Phenolphthalein is a suitable indicator for this titration.

State the colour change at the end-point.
(2)

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24
 (ii) Suggest two possible reasons why the titre for Run 1 is greater than the other
two titres.
(2)
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. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(iii) The equation for the reaction of propanoic acid with sodium hydroxide is

CH3CH2COOH + NaOH → CH3CH2COONa + H2O

Calculate the mass in grams of propanoic acid extracted from the animal feed.
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Give your answer to an appropriate number of significant figures.

(5)
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 (iv) Use your answer to (d)(iii) to determine whether the acid in this sample lies
within the permitted range for use in animal feed.
(2)

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(v) Suggest how the animal feed would be affected if the amount of propanoic acid
was outside the permitted range.
(1)

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. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ............................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(Total for Question 23 = 20 marks)

TOTAL FOR SECTION C = 20 MARKS

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 80 MARKS
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