Lecture 2: Programming Concepts (Python)
Md. Shahriar Hussain
ECE Department, NSU
North South University CSE465 Md. Shahriar Hussain
Syntax of Python
• Printing Output
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Basic Data Types
• Numeric Data Types:
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Basic Data Types
• Sring Data Type
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String
String1 = “Hello"
print("Initial String: ") Output:
print(String1)
Initial String:
# Printing First character Hello
print("\nFirst character of String First character of String is:
is: ")
H
print(String1[0])
Last character of String is:
# Printing Last character o
print("\nLast character of String
is: ")
print(String1[-1])
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String Slicing
# Creating a String
String1 = "Hello World"
print("Initial String: ") Output:
print(String1)
Initial String:
# Printing 3rd to 6th character HelloWorld
print("\nSlicing characters from 3-6: ") Slicing characters from 3-6:
print(String1[3:7]) loWo
# Printing characters between
Slicing characters between 3rd
# 3rd and 2nd last character and 2nd last character:
print("\nSlicing characters between " + loWorl
"3rd and 2nd last character: ")
print(String1[3:-2])
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Reversing a String
#Program to reverse a string
str = “HelloWorld" Output:
print(str[::-1]) dlroWolleH
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Deleting a Character
# Python Program to Delete
# characters from a String
String1 = "HelloWorld" Output:
String2 = String1[0:4] + HellWorld
String1[5:]
print("\nDeleting character at
4th Index: ")
print(String2)
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Lists
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Lists
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Tuples
• Tuple is a collection of Python objects much like a list. The sequence of values stored in a
tuple can be of any type, and they are indexed by integers
# Creating a Tuple with Mixed Datatype
Tuple1 = (5, 'Welcome', 7, 'Geeks')
print("\nTuple with Mixed Datatypes: ") Output:
print(Tuple1)
Tuple with Mixed Datatypes:
# Creating a Tuple with nested tuples (5, 'Welcome', 7, 'Geeks')
Tuple1 = (0, 1, 2, 3)
Tuple2 = ('python', 'geek')
Tuple3 = (Tuple1, Tuple2) Tuple with nested tuples:
print("\nTuple with nested tuples: ")
print(Tuple3) ((0, 1, 2, 3), ('python', 'geek'))
# Creating a Tuple
# with repetition Tuple with repetition:
Tuple1 = (‘Hi',) * 3 (‘Hi', ‘Hi', ‘Hi')
print("\nTuple with repetition: ")
print(Tuple1)
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Dictionaries
• Dictionaries in Python is a data structure, used to store values in key:value
format.
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Dictionaries
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Dictionaries
• Dictionaries provide several methods and operations to work with their
elements. Some common methods include keys(), values(), and items()
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Conditional Statements (if, else, elif)
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Functions
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Functions
• Return Statement:
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Loops
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Loops
• In Python, the range() function generates a sequence of numbers. When
specifying a range, the end value is excluded. This design choice is made to
align with the zero-based indexing used in Python and many other
programming languages.
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Loops
• The range() function follows the syntax range(start, stop, step), where start is the
starting value (inclusive), stop is the ending value (exclusive), and step is the step
size between values
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Function and Loop
• Variable Number of Arguments: Functions can accept a variable number of
arguments using special syntax. The *args parameter allows you to pass
multiple arguments as a tuple.
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While Loop
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Input From User
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Enumerate()
• The enumerate() function allows you to iterate over a sequence while
simultaneously accessing both the index and value of each element.
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items()
• Iterating Over a Dictionary: When iterating over a dictionary, you can use
the items() method to access both the keys and values of each item
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Loop and List
• Generating a list of squares
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Example
• Creating a list of uppercase letters from a string
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Classes and Object (OOP)
• In Python, the init method and the self parameter are used in classes to initialize the
object's attributes and enable proper attribute access within the class.
• __int__ method: The init method is a special method in Python classes that gets
called automatically when an object of the class is created. It is used to initialize the
attributes of the object.
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Classes and Object (OOP)
• the init method takes two parameters: self (which represents the instance of
the object being created) and the additional parameters brand and model
• self parameter: The self parameter is a convention in Python that represents
the instance of the object itself. It allows you to access and manipulate the
object's attributes and methods within the class.
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Inheritance
• Inheritance allows
creating a new class
(child class) from an
existing class (parent
class), inheriting its
attributes and methods.
• The child class can
extend the functionality
of the parent class or
override its methods
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Polymorphism
• Polymorphism
allows objects of
different classes to
respond to the
same method call
in different ways.
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