DESIGN PRACTICE Piping Arrangement Around Column

Design Practice
for
Piping Arrangement Around Column

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DESIGN PRACTICE Piping Arrangement Around Column

Table of Contents
SCOPE OF APPLICATION 4
CLASSIFICATION OF COLUMNS 4
CLASSIFICATION PER APPLICATION 4
CLASSIFICATION PER CONSTRUCTION 4
CONSTRUCTION OF TRAY COLUMNS 5
LAYOUT OF COLUMNS 8
LAYOUT 8
INSTALLATION 9
HEIGHT OF COLUMN SKIRT 9
MAINTENANCE SPACE AROUND COLUMN 11
COLUMN NOZZLE ORIENTATION 12
BASIC CONCEPTION FOR COLUMN NOZZLE ORIENTATION 12
ACCESS AREA OF COLUMN AND PIPING AREA 12
REFLUX NOZZLE 13
ONE PASS TRAY 13
TWO PASS TRAY 15
THREE PASS TRAY 18
FOUR PASS TRAY 19
FEED NOZZLE 21
ONE PASS TRAY 21
TWO PASS TRAY 22
FOUR PASS TRAY 24
“REBOILER RETURN” AND “VAPOR INLET NOZZLE” 25
ONE PASS TRAY 25
TWO PASS TRAY 26
THREE PASS TRAY 27
FOUR PASS TRAY 27
DRAW-OFF NOZZLE 28
ONE PASS TRAY 28
TWO PASS TRAY 29
ACCUMULATOR TRAY 30
INSTRUMENT NOZZLE 34
LEVEL INSTRUMENT NOZZLE(LC/LG) 34
TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE IUNSTRUMENT NOZZLES 35
MANHOLE AND HANDHOLE 37

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MANHOLE 37
HANDHOLE 39
TRAY ORIENTATION 39
CHANGING FROM ONE PASS TO TWO PASS 39
CHANGING FROM TWO PASS TO THREE PASS 40
CHANGING FROM THREE PASS TO FOUR PASS 41
STRUCTURE PLANNING 42
PLATFORM 42
LOCATION 42
ELEVATION 42
PLATFORM SIZING 43
LADDER 43
PIPING PLAN 47
DESCRIPTION OF LINE AROUND COLUMN 47
PIPE ROUTING AROUND COLUMN 48
SUPPORT FOR PIPING AROUND COLUMN 52

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DESIGN PRACTICE Piping Arrangement Around Column

Scope of Application
This manual shall be applied to the Piping Arrangement around columns, especially
tray- columns.
With regard to the general common items, Design Practice for Piping Arrangement
(General) shall be referred to.

Classification of Columns
CLASSIFICATION PER APPLICATION

Columns shall be classified as follows as per their application and faculty.

1. Vaporizing (Distillation) Column
Those columns having purposes of evaporation and distillation of multi-
composition crude after heating filled in a proper portion below the middle position
of the column, and generally called Vaporizing, Distillating, Separating, Evaporating,
Stabilizer or stripper, columns, etc.
2. Reaction Columns
`Chemical Reactions (decomposition and combination) are intended by this type of
column; hence their internal constructions are different per each column
depending on the nature and condition of reaction.
3. Extraction Columns
The purpose of this type of columns is to partially extract (adsorb) and
separate of the composition of crude.
4. Absorption Columns
The purpose is to absorb gas into liquid.
5. Flushing Columns
An operation of adsorption and absorption is performed by this type of
columns, however, the amount of the absorbed is a little or little and it is not for the
purpose of obtaining the absorbed but for the unabsorbed in many cases.

CLASSIFICATION PER CONSTRUCTION

Columns are classified by their construction into tray-column and packed-column. The
Tray-columns of them are described as follows, however, other types of columns are also
designed according to the same conception.

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vapor vapor
Liquid Return

Liquid Liquid Distributor

Tray
column wall Bubble cap
column wall

Crude
overflow pipe

Liquid re-distributor

vapor

packing support
Liquid vapor
Liquid

Tray-Column Packed-Column

Fig. 2.2a Construction of Columns

CONSTRUCTION OF TRAY-COLUMNS
Liquid which was fed into column immediately drops from around the inlet nozzle
onto trays positioned at the bottom portion of the column and the volatile
composition of the liquid is gassified and then comes up to the trays where it is distilled
by contacting with gas (and steam etc. blown into the column from the bottom)
from beneath.
Meanwhile, the liquid reaches to the dead bottom of the column through the
overflow pipe keeping contact with the gas from beneath and then led out of the liquid
draw-off nozzle to outside the system.

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TABLE 2.2 COMPARISON BETWEEN TYPES OF TRAYS

Type of Tray Construction Merit Demerit Application

1) Stable operation 1) High cost Suitable for a wider
is possible in a 2) Requires greater range of application.
Bubble Cap wider range. space between Favorable with
Complicated
Bubble Type (Fig. 2.2c (a)) 2) Sufficient trays. smaller number of
flexibility. 3) Relatively larger trays.
pressure loss.
Simplified Resembled to Bubble Above same
Uni-Flux construction of Cap tray.
Slightly
(Fig. 2.2c Bubble Cap tray with
Complicated
(b)) resembled
performance.
Float valve 1) Consistency in No particular Suitable for all
(“A” Co.) Simple efficiency for a wide defect, but cases.
(Fig. 2.2c (c)) range. subjected to foreign
Balast Either Simple or 2) Slightly higher license.
Valve (Movable)

(“B” Co.) Complicated efficiency than

bubble cap trays at
maximum load.
3) Cost relatively
Flexi
low.
(“C” Co.)
Simple 4) Lesser
(Fig. 2.2c
accompany of
(d))
splash.
5) Little gradient in
liquid.
1) High efficiency at 1) Narrower range Little fluctuation in
maximum loading. of stabilized amount to be
Sheave
Most Simple 2) Lowest cost. operation treated, and suitable
(Fig. 2.2c (e))
3) Lesser pressure 2) Not suitable for for system not
loss. material which yielding solids.
1) Slightly costly might enlarge
than sheave, but opening or cause
Simple, no have similar merits. plugging.
Shower Type

Ripple
down-flow pipe 2) Good 3) Might cause leak
(Fig. 2.2c (f))
required distribution is of liquid.
available of gas and 4) Easy to cause
liquid. liquid leakage.
1) Large amount of 1) Low efficiency Suitable for crude
treatment. between tray-to- distillation.
Turbo-Grid 2) Lesser pressure tray.
Simple, no
(Fig. 2.2 c loss. 2) Efficiency ,s
down-flow pipe
(g)) 3) Low cost. suddenly drops if
amount of
treatment is small.

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Liquid return inlet Column top Liquid from

Gas outlet upper tray
Tray details
Intermediate
distillation Downpour Vapor gas
take-off
scal
pot Trays Also there are various
crude types of construction
inlat
for "trays" and "caps"
Bubble
Riser
Tray
Column
bottom
Construction of columns Liquid from
liquid out
fig. 2.2b having trays

"s"member
Bubble cap Liquid

Gas
Liquid (b) uni-flux tray
Downpour

Hold-down Hold-bown
Tray floor
Tray floor
Leg
vapor riser

Cap orifice
(a) Bubble cap tray CAP Leg
Type "T" Type "A"
(for liquid con (for liquid less
taminated) contaminated)
liquid

(g) Turbo-grid tray

(c) Float valve
Liquid vapor

Liquid (d) Flexi Tray

(e) perforated tray Vapor

(h) kettle tray
(f) Ripple tray

Fig. 2.2c Types of Trays

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Layout of Columns
LAYOUT

Generally, a column consisting of a center of appearance and performance, is not

existing by itself alone, and always carries reboiler, condenser, receiver, etc. together forming a
group. It is necessary therefore, to give a sufficient consideration with regard to its relation
in the group to determine the layout. Following matters shall be taken into consideration
when determining the layout:
1. To study Location, routing and method of carrying in column.
2. To study method, orientation and space around for column installation.
3. To study about space for assembly in or out column internals (tray,
etc.)
4. When two or more columns are laid out, their centerlines shall be aligned and
parallel to piperack. However, for small diameter columns, it is desirable to
align two or three columns in parallel rectangularily to piperack. Where several
columns whose diameters largely differ are lined also, their surfaces at the side
of piperack shall better be aligned.

Fig. 3.1a Relation between Columns and Pipe rack

5. Where two platforms are available at a same elevation for two neighboring
columns as shown in Fig. 3.1b, the distance (A) between both columns shall
be approx. 2,000 mm.

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Meanwhile where this is not available, this distance (A) shall be 2,500 to
3,000 mm to determine between centers (L) with separating the both equipment
so that respective platforms do not overlap.

Fig. 3.1b Spacing in Columns

6. Space for self-supporting columns having small diameter shall be considered

when determining their layout since these columns often use skirt of its
bottom out-stretched.
7. Column whose ratio of length (height) to diameter is large, or those made of
aluminum or nun-metallic material, might be unavailable to be self-supporting. In
such cases, these columns may be arranged in structure or along structure by
giving support from the structure. Where no structure is available, support
shall be taken in the columns, however, particular attention shall be paid to the
seismic design.

INSTALLATION

HEIGHT OF COLUMN SKIRT

Matters to be considered when determining height of column skirt are shown below,
however, work substantially to be performed by piping engineer would not exist since
the determination shall be done by process engineer.
1. As lower as possible height of skirt is favorable in respect of cost.
2. Where the temperature at column bottom is High or Low, the height of skirt
shall be determined so that no effect could be given to the foundation.
3. Where the bottom line connects to pump, the Available Suction Head (NPSHA)
shall be sufficient to satisfy tray Required NPSH (NPSHR).

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Skirt height = H1+H2+(h2-h1)

NPSHA = NPSHR+α
Generally , α = 0.3 m

H1

H2
h1

h2
Fig. 3.2a Column Skirt Height where Bottom Line connects to Pump

4. Where thermo siphon type reboiler is attached, skirt height shall be sufficient to
obtain the satisfactory Driving Force.

DRIVING
FORCE

REBOILER

Fig. 3.2.b Column Skirt Height where Thermosiphon Type Reboiler is Attached

5. If it is required to measure and control the liquid flow near the boiling point using
orifice, the skirt height shall be determined to have a sufficient Static Head.

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STATIC HEAD
Fig. 3.2.c Column Skirt Height where Orifice is installed in Bottom Line

MAINTENANCE SPACE AROUND COLUMN

In a shutdown, it might be required to handle heavy equipment, components,

safety valves or blinds for large diameter pipes, etc. In order to facilitate lifting up or down
the column internals such as trays or packing as well as those described above by using
davit installed on the top of columns, sufficient spaces shall be assured for handling lifting
hooks as shown below:

PIPERACK

PIPERACK

Fig. 3.3 Maintenance Space

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Column Nozzle Orientation

BASIC CONCEPTION FOR COLUMN NOZZLE ORIENTATION

Nozzle attachment position to column may principally be any point on a same

elevation in the circumference of the column of 360˚, however, shall generally satisfy the
following matters in determination with grasping the construction of the internals and
considering the general arrangement of the total equipment:
1. To satisfy the Process requirement.
2. To obtain an easy Operation.
3. To facilitate Maintenance.
4. To be Economical.
For the above requirements, sufficient considerations shall also be given at the same
time to piping connecting to column nozzles and externals of the column.

ACCESS AREA OF COLUMN AND PIPING AREA

Except exceptional cases, the position of columns may be determined by sectioning
into the Access Area which is required for Maintenance and piping area for Piping
arrangement, which are favorable in respect of maintenance, plant design and good
appearance, and determined from the Plot plan. Accordingly, the orientation is possible
to be roughly classified by its process requirement. The determination of orientation,
however, becoming complicated due to intricateness of column internals and
increase of nozzle number, it might be happening that all nozzle orientations are not
always corresponding to the conditions above stated.

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ACCESS AREA

PIPING AREA

PIPING
AREA

piperack piperack

Fig. 4.1 Piping Area and Access Area

REFLUX NOZZLE

ONE-PASS TRAY
1. Without Internal Pipe

Baffle
Nozzle
0°
Inlet weir

Downpour Inlet weir Open Area

270° 90°Nozzle

Downpour Open Area

Baffle

180°
Location relation between
' Nozzle ' and ' downpour '
shall be " 180° contrary ".

Fig. 4.2.1a Reflux Nozzle (One-Pass Tray)

2. With Internal pipe

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a. Locational relation between Nozzle and Downpour is 180˚(contrary).

vent hole
Flange
Pipe & Tee 0°
Support
Nozzle

Do not weld here. Nozzle

270° 90°

Location relation Downpour

between
' Nozzle ' and '
downpour ' shall be "
180° contrary ".
180°

outlet hole

vent hole
End plate

Fig. 4.2.1b Reflux Nozzle (One-Pass Tray)

b- Locational relation between Nozzle and Downpour is other than 180˚.

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0°

Nozzle Flange Nozzle Downpour

270° 90°

Support

Downpour

180°

Case of
" Nozzle on Top Tray ".
45°
0°

This " space " is the rangewhere Nozzle

nozzles may be located,however,
the dimension of " internal pipe " 90°
shall be checked if the nozzle is 270°
possible to be located ,or ask
designers of equipment to check
this. Downpour

180° 45°

Fig. 4.2.1c Reflux Nozzle (One-Pass Tray)

TWO-PASS TRAY
1. Without Internal Pipe

Bafflle
Nozzle Nozzle
0°

Inlet Weir
Open Area
Downpour Nozzle
90°
Baffle

Open Area
Downpour
Inlet weir
180°
Npzzle shall be ' rectangularily '
to downpour.

Fig. 4.2.2a Reflux Nozzle (Two-Pass Tray)

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2. With Internal Pipe (Fig. 4.2.2b)

Vent hole
Inlet Weir
0°
Outlet hole Nozzle
Downpour Inlet weir
Downpour

270° 90°

Support End Plate

180°

Type " A " Direction of nozzle shall be in

parallel with downpour .

Fig. 4.2.2b Reflux Nozzle (Two-Pass Tray) Type A

Vent hole

End Plate
Outlet hole
Inlet weir
0°
Downpour Nozzel
Outlet hole
Vent hole
Support
270° 90°
End plate

Inlet Weir
Downpour

180°

Direction of nozzel shall be

in parallel to downpour.
Type " B "

Fig. 4.2.2b Reflux Nozzle (Two-Pass Tray)

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Flange
0°
Support Nozzle( 0° - 360° )

Downpour

270° 90°

Downpour

180°

Nozzle may take any position

around 360° with center at
column center.
TYPE " C "

Fig. 4.2.2b Reflux Nozzle (Two-Pass Tray)

Support
Nozzle

Downpour
Downpour
*
45°
45°

* Nozzle

*
45°

45°

*Nozzles may be located

in this range.

TYPE " D "

Fig. 4.2.2b Reflux Nozzle (Two-Pass Tray)

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Flange *45°
* 45°
Nozzel
Support

Downpour

Downpour

*45° * 45°

TYPE " E "

*Nozzles may be located
in this range.

Fig. 4.2.2b Reflux Nozzle (Two-Pass Tray)

THREE-PASS TRAY

Flange Reducer
Support Nozzel( 0° - 360° )

Downpour

Downpour

Nozzle may locate at any point

in 360° circumference of
column.
TYPE " A "

Fig. 4.2.3 Reflux Tray (Three-Pass Tray)

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** 45°
Flange Reducer Nozzel
Support

Downpour

Downpour
** 45°

Type " B "

* Nozzle may locate in this range.
** Nozzle may locate in the range
where internal pipe does not
interfere the outlet of distributor.

Fig. 4.2.3 Reflux Tray (Three-Pass Tray)

FOUR-PASS TRAY

Nozzle
Flange
Support
Inlet weir

Downpour Downpour
Downpour Aera Aera

Inlet weir

Downpour
Aera
Type " A "
outlet hole
Nozzle shall be placed
parallel with downpour Vent hole
and distributor.
End Plate

Fig. 4.2.4 Reflux Nozzle (Four-Pass Tray)

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Nozzel

Flange
Support

Downpour
Downpour
Area
Downpour
Area

Nozzles may located at any

Point between or and o°and
360°

TYPE " B "

Fig. 4.2.4 Reflux Nozzle (Four-Pass Tray)

* *

Nozzel

Flange
Support

Downpour Downpour
Area Downpour
Area

* *

*Nozzles Shall be located at

TYPE " C " where internal pipe does not
interfere the outlet of distributor.

Fig. 4.2.4 Reflux Nozzle (Four-Pass Tray)

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FEED NOZZLE

Feed nozzle shall principally be in accordance with the Reflux nozzle above, however,
attention must be paid to that the attachment position is on an intermediate tray but not on
the top tray.

ONE-PASS TRAY

"A"
Feed Nozzle ( one-pass Tray )

Nozzle 'Upper'
Downpour Downpour

Flange Nozzle 'Lower'

Downpour Support Downpour

Case of Nozzle
between " Trays " .

This is the "range" where nozzles

Type " A "
are locatable , however, must be
checked if nozzles can be placed
actually for the dimension of
Internal pipe , or ask equipment
designer to check.

Support
End Plate

Downpour of
"A" "A" ' UPPER ' Tray
'Upper'
Downpour

Downpour of
' lower ' Tray
Nozzle
Type " B "

Vent hole

Outlet hole

45°

Section "A" - "A"

Fig. 4.3.1 Feed Nozzle (One-Pass Tray)

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TWO-PASS TRAY
45°
45°
Nozzel

Flange
' Upper '
Downpour
Support
' Upper '
' Lower ' Downpour
Downpour

' Lower '

Downpour

45°
45°

*Nozzle may locate in this range,

however, attention must be paid
to the Internal pipe not to interfere
' Upper ' Downpour .
Type " A "

Fig. 4.3.2 Feed Nozzle (Two-Pass Tray)

Nozzel

Flange
' Upper '
Downpour ' Upper '
Support
Downpour
' Lower '
Downpour
' Lower '
Downpour

*Nozzle may locate at any place

so long as no interference is
occurring with Downpour .

Type " B "

Fig. 4.3.2 Feed Nozzle (Two-Pass Tray)

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Support
Downpour of ' Upper ' tray
End Plate Downpour of
' Upper ' tray

"A" "A"

Downpour of Downpour of
' Lower ' tray ' Lower ' tray

Nozzles shall be in parallel

with Downpour . Nozzle
Vent hole

Type " C " Outlet hole

45°

Section "A" - "A"

Fig. 4.3.2 Feed Nozzle (Two-Pass Tray)

Support
Downpour of ' Upper ' tray
End Plate
Downpour of
' Lower ' tray

Downpour of
"A" "A"
' Upper ' tray

Downpour of
' Lower ' tray

Nozzles shall be in parallel

with Downpour . Nozzle
Vent hole

Type " D " Oulet hole

45°

Section "A" - "A"

Fig. 4.3.2 Feed Nozzle (Two-Pass Tray)

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FOUR-PASS TRAY

Downpour of
' Upper ' tray

Downpour of
' Lower ' tray

Support
End Plate
Vent hole

Oulet hole
Downpour Area
45° Downpour Area of ' Lower ' tray
of ' Upper ' tray
Section "A" - "A"

Downpour Area "A" "A"

of ' Lower ' tray Downpour Area
of ' Upper ' tray

Nozzles shall be located

in parallel with Downpour.

Fig. 4.3.3 Feed Nozzle (Four-Pass Tray)

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REBOILER RETURN AND VAPOR INLET NOZZLE

ONE-PASS TRAY

Nozzle location where

unable to locate
at center.

Seal pan
Downpour
Downpour
Nozzle

Seal pan

Remarks:
1)Nozzles shall be located on the “centerline” and in parallel with seal pan . If this
is not possible , locate on the other side of seal pan parallelling with it .

2) When locating tow nozzles (e.g. Reboiler return and vapor inlet nozzle ) , these are
to be placed on the other side of seal pan parallelling with it .

Fig. 4.4.1 Reboiler Return and Vapor Inlet Nozzle (One-Pass Tray)

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TWO-PASS TRAY

Nozzle

Seal pan
Downpour

Seal pan Nozzle Downpour

Type " A "

Remarks:
1)Nozzle shall be located on the centerline parallelling with seal pan .

2) When locating tow nozzles (e.g. Reboiler return and vapor inlet nozzle ) , these nozzles shall be
located on the other side of seal pan parallelling with it .

Fig. 4.4.2 Reboiler Return and Vapor Inlet Nozzle (Two-Pass Tray)

Nozzle
Impingement Baffle

Dam

Downpour Seal pan

Seal pan Downpour

Nozzle

Remarks : 1) Nozzle shall be located on the

Downpour centerline parallelling with
' Seal pan '. For using this type,
consult with equioment designer.
2) When laying out two (2) nozzles
( e.g. ' Reboiler Return ' and ' Vapour
Dam (*1)
Inlet Nozzle ' ) , these shall be located
on the other side of ' seal pan ' parallelling
with it.
Open Area
(*1) Dam to be attached so that
Impingement liquid falling down from ' Seal pan '
Baffle(*2) dose not collide with vapour coming
Nozzle from nozzle.
(*2) Baffle to be attached so that
Open Area vapour coming through nozzle
does not disturb the flow of liquid
falling down from ' Seal pan '.
TYPE " B "

Fig. 4.4.2 Reboiler Return and Vapor Inlet Nozzle (Two-Pass Tray)

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THREE-PASS TRAY

Nozzle

Seal pan
Downpour

Downpour
Downpour
Seal pan
Seal pan
Nozzle

Remarks : Nozzle shall be located in

between ' Seal pans '
parallelling with them.

Fig. 4.4.3 Reboiler Return and Vapor Inlet Nozzle (Three-Pass Tray)

FOUR-PASS TRAY

Nozzle

Downpour
Downpour Downpour

Seal pan Downpour

Nozzle

Seal pan Seal pan

Remarks :
between ' seal pans '
parallelling with them.

Type " A "

Fig. 4.4.4 Reboiler Return and Vapor Inlet Nozzle (Four-Pass Tray)

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DESIGN PRACTICE Piping Arrangement Around Column

Nozzle

Downpour
Downpour

Seal pan Downpour

Nozzle

Seal pan Seal pan

Remarks :
between ' seal pans '
parallelling with them.
When locating two (2) nozzles
(e.g. ' Reboiler Return ' and
Type " B " ' Vapour Inlet Nozzle ' ) these
shall be located on the other
side of ' Seal pan ' parallelling
with them.

Fig. 4.4.4 Reboiler Return and Vapor Inlet Nozzle (Four-Pass Tray)

DRAW-OFF NOZZLE

ONE-PASS TRAY

Draw-off
Seal pan Nozzle

Draw-off
Nozzle

Seal pan

Remarks : Nozzle shall principally be

located rectangularily to
' Seal pan ' considering of
fabrication and the " balance "
Type " A " in flow.

Fig. 4.5.1 Draw-Off Nozzle (One-Pass Tray)

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Draw-off
Nozzle

Downpour Draw-off
Box

Draw-off Box

Downpour

Draw-off Nozzle

Remarks : Nozzle shall principally be

placed on the centerline
parallelling with ' Downpour '
from the standpoint of
Type " B " fabrication.

Fig. 4.5.1 Draw-Off Nozzle (One-Pass Tray)

TWO-PASS TRAY

Draw-off
Nozzle
Downpour Draw-off
Box

Draw-off Box Seal pan

Seal pan

Downpour
Downpour

Nozzle

Remarks : There are two casses, one is " with one

nozzle " and the other " with two
nozzles". In either case, nozzle shall be
located on the centerline parallelling with
Type " A " 'Downpour '.

Fig. 4.5.2 Draw-Off Nozzle (Two-Pass Tray)

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DESIGN PRACTICE Piping Arrangement Around Column

Seal pan Draw-off Box

Nozzle

Downpour
Downpour

Same " Remarks " applied is

above " Type " A ".

Type " B "

Fig. 4.5.2 Draw-Off Nozzle (Two-Pass Tray)

ACCUMULATOR TRAY
At the position where Draw-off nozzle is to be attached, Accumulator Tray is often
installed.

0° Downpour

Draw-off
Nozzle 270° 90°
Downpour
(Mostly omitted) Draw-off
Nozzle

180°
Accumulator Type " A "

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Remarks :
1) Any orientation can be taken by “Draw-off” nozzle , if no
interference is caused with Downpour . the orientation of tray below
this nozzle shall be parallel (0 º-180 º direction in the above figure)
with downpour in order to obtain higher efficiency in flow
distribution falling down from downpour.
2) If no downpour is installed draw-off nozzle and the tray underneath
may take any orientaion.
3) There is no conection between orientaions of tray above the
“Accumulator tray” and “draw –off “nozzle.

Fig. 4.5.3a Accumulator Tray

0° Downpour

270° 90°
Downpour Draw-off Box
(Mostly omitted) Draw-off Box

180°

Accumulator Type " B "

Fig. 4.5.3b Accumulator Tray

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1)Draw-off box and its nozzle orientation shall be

in the direction that intercrosses rectangularily
with down pour (90º-270º direction in the above
figures . 4.5.3 “a” and “b” ).Oriention of the tray
below shall be in parallel with “Downpour” .(0º-
180º direction in the above figures in order to
obtain a better efficiency in fluid distribution
coming down from downpour” of the tray.)

Draw-off Box 2) when no downpour is installed the orientation

of draw-off box and its nozzle shall be 0º-180º or
90º-270º with tray orientation underneath of any
direction.

Fig. 4.5.3c Accumulator Tray Nozzle

ACCUMULATOR TRAY CONTINUED

ONE-PASS TRAY

0° Downpour
Downpour of Seal pan
seal pan
' Upper ' tray Draw-off
Nozzle Dr
No
270° 90°
Downpour
Draw-off Box
Draw-o

Downpour of
' Upper ' tray 180°

Accumulator Tray Nozzle

( one-pass Tray )

Remarks:
1) Draw-off nozzle shall be located rectangularily on the other side of seal pan
( to obtain uniform distribution of flow to “draw-off nozzle and downpour”).
2) Type of downpour of the lower tray is limited to that pouring on both sides (2-pass tray)
according to the position of downpour of accumulator .

Fig. 4.5.3(1)Accumulator Tray Nozzle (one-pass tray)

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DESIGN PRACTICE Piping Arrangement Around Column

2) Two-pass tray

Downpour of 0°
' Upper ' tray Dam
Dam Downpour
Seal pan
Draw-off Draw-off Box
Nozzle 270° 90°

Downpour Draw-off
Draw-off Box Nozzle

180°
Downpour of
' Upper ' tray Dam (To be attached so that fluid does not directly
drops onto "Downpour" from"seal.pan")

Downpour
Seal pan Remarks : Draw-off nozzle shall be
laid in parallel to seal pan and
rectangularily to downpour of
Accumulator Tray Nozzle (a) accumulator , accordingly seal pan
( Two-pass Tray ) and downpour of accumulator
would be delected by 90 , which is
rectangular to each other .

Fig. 4.5.3(2a) Accumulator Tray Nozzle (a) (Two-Pass Tray)

Downpour of Downpour of 0°
' Upper ' tray ' Upper ' tray Downpour

Draw-off
Nozzle
Draw-off Box
Downpour 270° 90°
Draw-off Box
Seal pan Draw-off
Nozzle
Dam

180°

Fig. 4.5.3(2b) Accumulator Tray Nozzle (b) (Two-Pass Tray)

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DESIGN PRACTICE Piping Arrangement Around Column

Downpour of
Dam ( supplied to ' Upper ' tray
pervent' fluid ' directly
drops on to ' Downpour '
from 'Seal pan ')
Seal pan

Downpour

Remarks :
1) “ Draw-off nozzle” is to be located perpendicularly to “Downpour” of Accomulator”
Parallelling with Seal par Accordingly , it is displaced by 90º from “ Seal pan and
Accumulator Downpour” , whi… is right angle.
2) If it is undesirebale that liquid directly drops onto “Draw-Off box” from “Seal pan” ,
it may be avoided by adding “dam” to the part of “ Seal Pan” .

Fig. 4.5.3(2c) Accumulator Tray Nozzle (c) (Two-Pass Tray)

INSTRUMENT NOZZLE

LEVEL INSTRUMENT NOZZLE (LC/LG)

Generally, L.C. nozzle of column may be attached on straddle the Normal liquid
Level and its orientation may be widely ranged so long as it does not interfere with
Downpour.
However, in reality, the range it is attachable is limited according to the following
conditions:
1. Transmitter for LC shall be located where operation is possible from Platform or
Ladder. In this connection, LC and LG to be operated from Ladder may be
attached on other side of right or left; however, it is desirable to attach on the
right-hand side.
2. It is desirable to attach LC on the location where the LG is visible for
inspection of LC.
3. It is also desirable to attach LC and LG on the location where confirmation is
possible from BY-Pass Valve for Level Control Valve Setting.
4. Consideration shall be made to the effect of Pulsation in liquid level due to
liquid feed. Where baffle is not to be supplied to avoid the Liquid level
fluctuation, consultation shall be made for attachment of baffle with
equipment designer.
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DESIGN PRACTICE Piping Arrangement Around Column

5. No attachment shall be allowed in Seal Pan Area.

HOLD

Depending on the locational relationship between Seal Pan and Reboiler

Return Nozzle, the location of Level Instrument Nozzle is automatically
dominated. Following are some of these examples, which shall also be applied
to other cases for determination of locations of nozzles.

**

Access Area
Seal pan
Area
*

Level Reboiler Return

Piping Area

Instrument Nozzle

Seal pan
Reboiler Return
Area
Nozzle

* No problem locating nozzle here.

** Nozzle location here shall be confirmed for
determination that " baffle " is attached to nozzle.

Seal pan
Area
Access Area

Seal pan Seal pan

Area Area
*

Reboiler Return
Piping Area

Nozzle

Reboiler Return Level

Nozzle Instrument
Seal pan
Area

Fig. 4.6.1 Level Instrument Nozzle

TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE INSTRUMENT NOZZLES

1. Where the column internal temperature is measured by TI, it shall be
confirmed whether the temperature of liquid phase in Downpour Area or that of
gas phase under tray is to be measured.

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DESIGN PRACTICE Piping Arrangement Around Column

If not especially indicated, it may be assumed from the difference in

elevations of TI nozzle and Tray shown in the equipment drawing. For
guidance of measuring the temperature of liquid phase, the nozzle position
shall be 100 mm maximum above tray, and when it is greater than 100 mm,
the temperature of gas phase is to be measured.
In the following Fig. 4.6.2a, measuring the temperature of Liquid phase, the
nozzle will locate at (A), and at (B) in the range of mark (*) if the temperature
of gas phase is to be measured.

* (B)
(A)

Piping Area Access Area

(B)
(A) 100 mm. Max.

*
Downpour

Downpour
Area

Fig. 4.6.2a TI/PI Nozzles

2. Care shall be exercised not to cause any contact with Downpour or any other
internals.
3. The attachment location shall principally be in Access Area.
4. For TI nozzle, space (600 mm min.) shall be assured for removal and
installation of thermowell and also space for access and operation of manhole,
ladder and other nozzles shall be studied mutually.

in.
M
0
60
Bubble Cap
Thermowell
TI nozzle
Ladder

PI nozzle

Fig. 4.6.2b TI/PI Nozzles

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DESIGN PRACTICE Piping Arrangement Around Column

MANHOLE AND HANDHOLE

MANHOLE
Manhole is to be used for assembly, inspection and maintenance of equipment
internals. Accordingly, manhole shall be installed at a location where operators or
inspectors can get into equipment safely, or does not disturb the function of
equipment.
The orientation of manhole shall be determined by paying attention to the
following matters:
1. Manhole shall be arranged at a unified location as possible in the Access Area of
column.
2. The orientation of manhole shall be sufficiently checked since it is principally
related with the direction of Downpour of tray.
Examples:

Downpour (c) Seal pan

0°

)
(b

(d

Piping Area Access Area

)
(a)

(e)
Downpour (A) (B)
(A) Manhole (B)
270° 90°
Seal pan
Downpour of
Downpour of ' Lower ' tray
' Lower ' tray

180°

Fig. 4.7.1a Manhole

It is assumed in the above examples that nozzles (A) and (B) have already
been determined because the orientation 90˚ and 270˚ are most desirable with
0˚-side as Access Area and 180˚-side as Piping Area.
In the first step, the range covering from (a) to (e) is to be studied since
Manhole is to be installed in Access Area.
(a) and (e) may be placed in this space as long as causing no obstacle to
nozzles (A) and (B), however, this shall not be taken as a good location for
Manhole although it is feasible, because of some danger when getting through
the manhole into column.
Secondly, positions (b) and (d) are most suitable location for installation of
manholes causing no obstacle (if space is available for installation).
Finally, with the position (c), coming into column through manhole situated
at the position like this, is impossible since Downpour and Seal pan are standing
in the way, and Manhole shall not be installed at such a place. In addition,
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DESIGN PRACTICE Piping Arrangement Around Column

manholes are not to be installed at the border of (b) and (c), because, the
function of column will be resulted to decrease by the fact that fluid to flow
through Downpour and Seal pan from the upper tray will flow through the portion
of the manhole without passing through Seal pan.
This will be illustrated as in the following figure:
Arrangement like this shall never be made, and also never forget to check
relation in heights (elevations) existing in Manhole, Seal pan and Downpour.
If there is no overlapping in elevations, respectively, installation of manhole
in the range of (c) will produce no problem unless thoroughfare through
manhole to column is obstacled. However, Manhole shall not be installed in
orientation of 0˚, since fluid might drop on to the Downpour of Lower tray.
Sufficient check shall be made using Plan and Side View drawings On Scale.

0°
Downpour Seal pan

270° 90°

Downpour of
' Lower ' tray

180°

Fig. 4.7.1b Manhole

3. The difference between elevations of manhole centerline and platform floor

shall generally be 450 to 800 mm, 750 mm as standard, although this is
depending on the schedule of piping, platform and ladder, etc.

Manhole

Platform

Fig. 4.7.1c Manhole Elevation

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DESIGN PRACTICE Piping Arrangement Around Column

HANDHOLE
Handhole is to be supplied for the case where attachment of manhole is impossible
because of too narrow & space for installation of manhole, such as trays at a smaller
pitch and requiring maintenance or inspection. The attachment position shall be
referred to that of manhole, but the height of attachment shall be determined
considering an easy access by a single arm/hand for maintenance or inspection of
column internals.

TRAY ORIENTATION
The flow of vapor comes up through the multi-stacked trays and that of liquid comes
down similarly, being drawn off or fed out on the trays when passing through them, while, the
number of tray pass often changes. In such a case, with a change of tray pass number, the
orientation (direction) of Downpour shall also be shifted. This means that the flow inside the
column shall always be a flow of an equally balanced fluid, and the tray orientation shall be
determined so that the liquid flows on the trays effectively. Following figures are to explain
this principle.

CHANGING FROM ONE-PASS TO TWO-PASS

Nozzle
#7
Dam
Downpour of #8
' Upper ' tray Downpour of # 9,11
' Upper ' tray
"A" "A" # 10
#9
Seal pan Nozzle # 10
# 10
Downpour of Seal pan
' Lower ' tray # 11 # 9,11

Section "A" - "A"

Fig. 4.8.1 Tray Orientation

Following after the flow of liquid from the upper One-Pass trays (#7 and #8)to the
lower Two-pass trays (#9 to #10), the liquid drops from the last Seal pan of One-Pass
tray onto a Two-Pass tray (#9).
In order to obtain the further flow of liquid evenly to the Downpours on the both
sides, the Two-pass trays (#9 to #11) shall be oriented rotating 90˚ from those of the
upper One-Pass trays (#7 and #8).

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DESIGN PRACTICE Piping Arrangement Around Column

Where liquid directly drops from Seal Pan to the Downpour Area this shall be avoided
by adding Dams to the Seal Pan.

CHANGING FROM TWO-PASS TO THREE-PASS

#7
Draw-off nozzle
#8
Dam Downpour of
Downpour of #9 ' Lower ' tray
# 10,12
' Upper ' tray # 11

Draw-off #9 # 11 #9
"B" "B"
nozzle # 10
Seal pan Downpour of
# 11 ' Lower ' tray
Downpour of # 10,12
' Lower ' tray # 12 # 11 Downpour of
' Upper ' tray
Dam

Section " B " - " B "

Fig. 4.8.2 Tray Orientation

Same as with the case of Para.4.8.1 above: Tray orientation is determined so that
liquid dropping down from Seal pan evenly flows to Downpours of #10 tray. Namely,
Three-Pass trays (#10 to #12) shall be located rotating 90˚ from that of Two-Pass tray.
Dams shall also be added to Seal Pan to avoid the liquid from directly drops from Seal
Pan to the Downpour Area of #10 tray.

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DESIGN PRACTICE Piping Arrangement Around Column

CHANGING FROM THREE-PASS TO FOUR-PASS

#7
Draw-off nozzle
#8
Dam Downpour of
Downpour of #9 ' Lower ' tray
# 10,12
' Upper ' tray # 11
#9 # 11
Draw-off
"C" "C" Seal pan
noaale # 10
Seal pan Downpour of
# 11 # 10,12
# 11 ' Lower ' tray
Downpour of # 11 #9
' Lower ' tray # 12 # 10,12 Downpour of
' Upper ' tray
Dam

Section "C - "C"

Fig. 4.8.3 Tray Orientation

Same as with the case of changing from Two-Pass to Three-Pass above.

#7

Downpour of #8 Dam
# 9,11
' Upper ' tray

# 9,11 Nozzle
"D" "D"
#9
Seal pan
# 9,11
# 10
Downpour of
Seal pan
' Lower ' tray
# 11 # 9,11
Downpour of Downpour of
' Lower ' tray ' Upper ' tray

Section "D" - "D"

Fig. 4.8.4 Tray Orientation

Same as with the cases of changing from Two-Pass to Three-Pass and Three-Pass
to Four-Pass above.

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DESIGN PRACTICE Piping Arrangement Around Column

Structure Planning
PLATFORM

LOCATION
Works performed on the platform are assumed as follows:
1. Valve Opening or Closing
2. Instrument Measuring
3. Sample Collection
4. Access to Manhole in maintenance
5. Hanging Up or Down Internals
By studying and understanding the above works, it shall be minded that the
installation of platforms shall be minimized only for a required location. Locations
actually requiring platform are:
1. Location where Manhole or Handhole existing.
2. Location where Hot Bolting is required.
3. Location where necessitates Attaching or Detaching safety valve, Checking of Function
of spring hanger, Inspection such as measuring line wall thickness, etc.
4. Where a Manhole is supplied on a column top, platform encircling whole the
circumference shall be supplied.
5. Where several columns are installed in line, it shall be studied that whether
neighboring platforms are connected at a same elevation for convenience of
access.
6. Level Gauge, Level Controller, Thermometer and Pressure Gauge, etc. is most favorably
operated from Platform, however, if operation from Ladder is possible, the
installation of Platform will not be necessary.

ELEVATION
1. Spacing of platforms shall be 8 m at maximum unless specifically specified by
the applicable code or by client, and an Intermediate-Platform shall be supplied
for spacing greater than 8 m with Ladder to be switched.

HOLD

2. Spacing between platforms shall keep the minimum clearance of 2.1 m

considering of the thoroughfare.

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DESIGN PRACTICE Piping Arrangement Around Column

PLATFORM SIZING
1. Width shall principally be as follows:
a. General platform: 1000 mm
b. Platform having Manhole: 1500 mm

2. To satisfy the thoroughfare and operability of Hose Station and Hose Rack.
3. No obstacle for taking out Thermo well
4. No problem in Operability and Thoroughfare for Valve Handle.
5. To assure Working Space for Attaching and Detaching Safety Valve.
6. Space for the thoroughfare shall be 600 mm min.

LADDER

1. Ladder shall be installed in the Access Area, as a rule.

2. The Ascending Angle of Ladders shall be as shown in the following Fig. 5.2.a:

Ladder
90° 75° 60°

(1)
(2)
Not
Allowed.
15° 1
5°
(3)
60
°

Fig. 5.2a Ascending Angle of Ladder

a. Principally, the range of ladder installation shall be (1).

HOLD

b. In the range of (3), Staircase shall be used in lieu of Ladder.

3. Guard Cage shall be provided for the height of ladders exceeding 2.0 m above
ground or above platform.

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DESIGN PRACTICE Piping Arrangement Around Column

4. The arrangement ascending to two ways, such as from ladder to platform, shall be
avoided.

Fig. 5.2b Ladder and Platform

The space for thoroughfare on platform shall be 500 mm minimum, with

other details as shown in the following figure.

' Space ' for operator' s

thoroughfare ( Nothing to
be placed ).
350
M
in
.5

Cage
00

Safety
Gate
Min. 500

Ladder Rung
Platform 400
Min. 550
Min. 1000

Fig. 5.2c Platform Sizing

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DESIGN PRACTICE Piping Arrangement Around Column

(4)

in.
350 350

600 M
350 350
Platform
(1)
(3)
(2)

Remarks :
1)Nothing to be placed in space (1) for thoroughfare.
2)Either one of spaces (2) , (3) and (4) shall be left open for
thoroughfare.
3)The space (4) will not be required to be open where either one of
spaces (2) or (3) is usable
Fig. for
5.2dthoroughfare.
Platform Sizing
.
in
M

600 Min.
0
60

Platform on the
" Top of Equipment "

Fig. 5.2e Platform Sizing

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DESIGN PRACTICE Piping Arrangement Around Column

in.
0M
i n.

60
0 M
10
Space "B"

Space "A"

Pipe Hole
Control Valve

600 Min. 600 Min.

Remarks:
Either one of Space “A” or “B” shall be assured for the space of
thoroughfare of 600 mm Minimum.

Fig. 5.2f Platform Sizing

B
2100 Min.

A
750
8000 Max.

When A > 225 ; B=50

When A < 225 ; B=100
3000 Min.

Fig. 5.2g Platform Elevation (Height)

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DESIGN PRACTICE Piping Arrangement Around Column

Piping Plan
DESCRIPTION OF LINE AROUND COLUMN

(Ex. Flow around Stabilizer)

Off Gas
(1)

Stabilizer
(Column)

FS
Feed-Bottom TRC

Exchanger LIC
(2)
condenser LIC
Receiver
(3)

LIC

(6) (5) Reboiler

LIC FR FS

(4) (5)
Reflux Product
pump pump

Fig. 6.1 Flow Around Column

Above thick lines are those directly connected to Column (Stabilizer).

1. Over-Head Line: Line from Stabilizer to condenser, Receiver.
2. Reflux Line: Line returning from Product Line of Receiver to Stabilizer through
Reflux Pump.
3. Feed Line: Line fed to Stabilizer
4. Bottom Line: Product Line extracted from Stabilizer Bottom
5. Reboiler Supply and Return Line: Line returning from Bottom Line to Stabilizer
through Reboiler.
6. Instrument Line: Line connected to liquid level gauges, etc.

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DESIGN PRACTICE Piping Arrangement Around Column

PIPE ROUTING AROUND COLUMN

General attentions to be paid in the piping design around Columns are described in
the following:
1. According to P & ID the process requirements shall be ascertained and satisfied.

Slope

" Symmetrical " piping

Minimum
distance
28
300

Enter at " Top of Line "

Fig. 6.2 Example of Requirements by P & I

2. The route of each line shall be as short as possible, and shall minimize the
occurrence of problems due to the growth of thermal stresses.
3. Consideration shall be paid to the operability and safetiness.
4. Each line shall be laid along the column itself and attention shall also be paid
to a good appearance.
a. There may be two cases considered, one is arranging each line respectively
and the other to arrange in group (refer to Fig. 6.2a).
b. Arrangement may also be made as to arrange lines along a circle around the
column external circumference, or arrange lines tangentially to the column external
circumference (refer to Fig. 6.2b).

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DESIGN PRACTICE Piping Arrangement Around Column

250
25
0
.
.C
H
M.H. M.H.
C.
H.

Fig. 6.2a Piping Grouping

250
25
0

Fig. 6.2b Piping Arrangement Along Column

5. Layout shall be made from column top and orderly down to column bottom, and
line from the top and large-sized pipe shall have the precedence to line from the bottom
and small-sized pipe.
The routing of vapor line shall firstly be determined, based on which the
general piping layout shall be planned.
6. The line which might become vacuum shall be studied for its support and given
reinforcement as required, since it often causes buckling due to external forces.

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DESIGN PRACTICE Piping Arrangement Around Column

7. Safety Valve
a. Safety valve shall be installed on column itself, or more accessed location (API-
RP-520 specifies that the pressure drop between column itself and a safety
valve should not exceed 3% of the safety valve set pressure). Therefore,
where a safety valve is to be installed far from the column, the pressure
drop shall be checked and the safety valve shall be sized up as required,
or relocate it to keep the pressure drop within the specified range.
b. Support, which is bearable of the reaction due to Blow-off of the safety
valve, shall be arranged. With regard to the “Blowing Reaction” T.R.
shall be referred to .

Safety Valve Piping

Suuport Suuport

approx. 1500
adequate
Safety Valve Safety Valve

Fig. 6.2c Support Around safety valve

c. Support shall be selected with considering the temperature

difference existing in inlet and outlet piping of safety valve:
Case 1: In operation: Temp. in Inlet piping > Temp. in Outlet piping
Case 2: When Outlet piping is Steam-Blown: Temp. in Inlet piping < Temp. in Outlet piping
Case 3: When Idle: Temp. in Inlet piping = Temp. in Outlet piping
d. Where the safety valve is to Blow Off into the
atmosphere, a Weep Hole of approx. 9 mm dia.
shall be given to the knee portion of the outlet pipe
to drain the discharges and rain water.
8. Where installing valve in line, the valve shall directly be installed on Nozzle.

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DESIGN PRACTICE Piping Arrangement Around Column

Trapped " LIQUID "

GOOD NO GOOD

Fig. 6.2d Where Line Valve is Installed

9. In arrangement of Feed Line, characteristics of the fluid shall be considered.

a. Vapor feed
b. Liquid feed
c. Vapor and Liquid feed: A shortest possible Layout is required having
minimum number of bends because Sizing is performed for the flow
velocity which is exceeding certain limitation to prevent Surging in the
line.
10. Bottom Line
a. Since the line is connected to a pump, it shall be avoided to apply too
much reaction and moment on the pump nozzle due to thermal
expansion.
b. When the vapor pressure is relatively high, or the line is handled at a
temperature condition near the boiling point, Cavitation might be
caused in pump by the Vapor Lock due to pressure fluctuation in
pumping through vaporization. Accordingly, piping shall be considered
to minimize pressure drop having least number of bends avoiding pocket.
c. In the case of High Viscosity, consideration shall be paid to Pressure
Drop.
11. If no problem is existing in respect of Process, consideration in piping arrangement
may be performed modifying the Nozzle Orientation by installing Inner Pipe.
12. Where Pressure Drop or Surging in the line to pump is concerned, investigation
shall be given by the process department.

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DESIGN PRACTICE Piping Arrangement Around Column

Support for Piping Around Column

Matters to be considered in planning support for piping around column somewhat
differ from those for the general piping, and that the column itself which is to consist to a
supporting base as well as the piping which is connecting to the column have heat.
Furthermore, there are wide range of differences between the column and its piping, and in
the column itself, the top and bottom portions, or additionally, there are some time lags in
temperature changes of ups and downs in the column and piping.
Therefore, support for piping around column shall be scheduled and planned with
considering of the thermal stresses due to the conditions such as stated above.

F
A

(Min.)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Fixed Support
B

Guide Support
C

Lowest Guide
Support
D

(e) (f) (g) (h) (i)

Horizontal First Support

E

Fig. 7a Piping Support Around Column

1. The Fixed Support to sustain the piping vertical load is to be installed at a

location nearest the column nozzle lest an excessive force should apply on the
nozzle due to thermal stresses caused by the temperature difference between
the column and piping in steam-purge, start-up or shutdown, or by the time lags
when temperature rises or drops in the column and in piping.
The dimension F is determined by the type of support to be used together
with nozzle length and dimensions of piping components, however, shall be as small as
possible.

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 DESIGN PRACTICE Piping Arrangement Around Column

Where the column has reinforcing rings, the dimension of these rings shall also
be taken into consideration for the determination.
Meanwhile, the maximum and minimum dimensions depending on the type of
bracket shall be as follows:

TABLE 7A DIMENSIONS OF SUPPORT

Max.
Bracket Type Line Size C A Min. X
X
½” 475 150 200 400

¾” 475 158 204 395

A-1L 25 C
or 1” 475 164 202 398 40 Min. 10 A Min. 20
A-1R 15
1 ½” 475 179 210 390
2” 475 204 222 378
3” 505 230 235 395
B-2L Min. X Min. X
or 4” 505 254 217 385 Max. X Max. X
B-2R
6” 505 318 279 370
3” 665 230 235 555 25 C
B-3L 40 Min. 10 A Min. 20
or 4” 665 254 247 543 15
B-3R
6” 665 318 279 511
3” 875 230 235 765
B-4L
or 4” 875 254 247 753
B-4R Min. X Min. X
6” 875 318 279 721 Max. X Max. X

3” 1065 230 235 955

B-5L
or 4” 1065 254 247 943
B-5R
6” 1065 318 279 911

Tight and Guide supports for lines With or Without insulation

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DESIGN PRACTICE Piping Arrangement Around Column

TABLE 7B DIMENSIONS OF SUPPORT

Line Half Min. X Max. X
Bracket Type C
Size O. D. No. Ins. With Ins. No. Ins. With Ins.
8” 110 360 382 492 445 545
10” 137 360 409 509 472 572
C-6
12” 162 360 434 534 497 597
14” 178 360 450 550 513 613
8” 110 535 382 482 620 720
10” 137 535 409 509 647 747
C-7
12” 162 535 434 534 672 772
14” 178 535 450 550 688 788
8” 110 685 382 482 770 870
10” 137 685 409 509 797 897
C-8
12” 162 685 434 534 822 922
14” 178 685 450 550 838 938
8” 110 915 382 482 1000 1100
10” 137 915 409 509 1027 1127
C-9
12” 162 915 434 534 1052 1152
14” 178 915 450 550 1068 1168
25

25
10
?
35

35
Min. 20

Min. 20
C

Max. X

Max. X
Min. X

Min. X
?

?
B

B 100

Tight and Guide supports for lines Without thermal insulation

“TIGHT” or “Guide” “Guide” support for lines

support for lines without with thermal insulation.
thermal insulation.

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DESIGN PRACTICE Piping Arrangement Around Column

The Fixed type supports may generally take type (a), (b) or (c) in Fig. 7
Piping Support Around Column, however, in a large diameter piping, where the
thermal elongation cannot be absorbed by the dimension “A” only because of
the larger dimension of “F”, the support has to take type (d) where piping is
movable in the direction of nozzle extension.
2. Supports positioned below that in above (1) shall be one of sliding supports in
which piping is movable vertically without restraint by thermal elongation due
to difference of temperatures in columns and piping. The support spacing
dimensions “B” and “C” (Fig. 7) in vertical piping shall be determined not to
exceed the following values:
Nom. Pipe
½” ¾” 1” 1 ½” 2” 3” 4” 6” 8” 10” 12”
Size (in)
Max. Support
3.5 4 4.5 5.5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Space (m)

Where the loading is sustained partially at the position of guide in order to

disperse the sustaining load, spring support shall be used. Evaluation of
displacement in this case shall be performed in consideration of cases of Steam
purge, start up and shutdown, etc., in addition to the case of normal operation.
3. The lowest support which is sliding, shall have “D” dimension approximately
equals to 1/3 of the maximum support spacing considering the elongation or
contraction in the piping side, shall be movable horizontally same time vertically
as type (h) or (i) if the displacement is not absorbable by the above dimension
of “D”.
4. Where dimension “E” exceeds the maximum horizontal support spacing
because of the first horizontal support absorbs the difference in elongation and
contraction in column and piping, a spring support shall be installed in the
midway. The displacement also in this case, shall have consideration for
various cases other than the normal operation as in the above (2).
5. Piping support around column shall practically be installed under platforms, except
cases where the installation is made unavoidably on platform due to reasons
such as a fixed support to be positioned at a minimum distance from nozzle, the
platform shall have consideration in planning for safety and thoroughfare.
6. Where a liquid level gage or Liquid level controller is installed utilizing a stand-pipe
and where the length of the stand-pipe exceeds 3,000 mm, consideration shall
be paid to support stand-pipe together with measures to the thermal stresses
in the stand-pipe.
7. Where several nozzle are to be piped from one piping, and respective nozzles
have valves with only one of them normally open and the remainder closed, piping
shall have a configuration to moderate the thermal stresses due to temperature
differences between piping and column with consideration to supports for the
pipes.
8. Supports for hose station piping may utilize the support lugs of the neighboring
piping, however, supports shall be made around platforms utilizing the support
lugs given separately as possible.
9. Stand-up or down piping shall principally be vertical to the centerline of nozzles.
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DESIGN PRACTICE Piping Arrangement Around Column

Even when piping is unavoidably turned directly from nozzle, the fixed
support shall be installed in the vertical piping at a minimum distance from the
nozzle.
Where piping is turned at the midway in piping, the bottom first support in
the turned piping shall be determined for fixed or sliding type after sufficient
studies with regard to the thermal stresses. Where the dimensions of “H” and
“J” are short, the bottom first support in the turned piping may be the fixed
type without giving any support for the upper portion of the turned piping.

Fixed Support Fixed Support

Min. Min.

H
J

Min.

Sliding support " Fixed " or " Slid "

by relation between
"H" and "J"

Fig. 7b Relation between “H” and “J”

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