FACULTY OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE TRIBHUWAN

UNIVERSITY KATHMANDU, NEPAL

2024

Term Paper on Mental health

(As a requirement for the partial fulfillment of BSW 2nd year practical for Social Group work,
BSW 424)

Submitted To

Orchid International College

Department of Social Work

Gaushala, Kathmandu, Nepal

Submitted by

Safal Kuwar

BSW 2nd Year

Symbol Number

T.U Registration Number:

 Mangsir 2079

Declaration

I hereby declare that this term paper Mental health is submitted to the faculty of Humanities and
Social Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu. This is an original piece of work under the
supervision of Mr. Anush Subedi, Department of Social Work, Orchid International College and
is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of BSW 1st year. This term paper has not
been submitted to any other university or institution for the award of any degree.

Ms. Sweta Bhujel

Date: 2079/08/13
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Recommendation Letter

The report entitled Dowry System at Department of Social Work is compiled by Ms. Sweta
Bhujel under my guidance and supervision, therefore forwarded to external viva.
____________________

Anush Subedi

Faculty Supervisor
4

Approval Letter

This term paper submitted by Ms. Sweta Bhujel of BASW 1st year, as a part of her practical
requirement of the session 2076, has been approved by the Department of Social Work, Orchid
International College, Gaushala, Kathmandu.

________________ _____________________ Mr. Anush Subedi External Examiner

Coordinator

BASW Department
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Acknowledgement Letter

I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to all those who gave me the possibility to
complete this report. A special thanks to my mother, Mrs. Juna Bhujel and my father, Mr. Hari
Ram Bhujel who helped me from the beginning from choosing this faculty. I would also like to
thank our respected teacher Mr. Anush Subedi who gave me this golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project.
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Table of content

Table of Contents

Cover Page 1 Declaration 2 Letter of recommendation 3 Approval Letter 4

Acknowledgements 5 Table of Contents 6 Contents Page

Chapter 1: Introduction 7 Chapter 2: Background 8 Chapter 3: Methodology 13 Chapter

4: Conclusion 14 References 15

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

It is not possible to have mental wellness by itself. It is a crucial and integral component of
overall health, which can be characterized in at least three different ways: as the absence of
disease, as a condition of the organism that permits the full performance of all its functions, or as
a state of balance within the individual and between the individual and their physical and social
environment (Sartorius, 2002). Depending on how well the needs for fundamental health are met,
one of these three definitions may be utilized. Food, shelter, survival, protection, society, social
support, freedom from pain, dangers from the environment, unneeded stress, and freedom from
any form of exploitation are just a few of these necessities (Maslow, 1968).

The ability to form and maintain affectionate relationships with others, to participate in the social
roles typically played in their culture, to manage change, recognize, acknowledge, and
communicate positive actions and thoughts, as well as to manage emotions like sadness, are all
indications of one's mental health.

A person's mental health offers them a sense of self-worth, control, and comprehension of how
their body and mind work. According to the Society for Health Education and Promotion
Specialists (SHEPS, 1997), maintaining good mental health also entails having positive feelings
toward oneself and other people, as well as being content, happy, and loving. Environmental,
social, psychological, and biological factors can have an impact on mental health, just like they
can with mental illness.

A state of good mental health and wellbeing cannot come and go. Regardless of circumstances or
events, we can all experience days, weeks, or even entire months where we feel resilient,
powerful, and optimistic. If we don't feel resilient and optimistic in just one or two aspects of our
life, this can frequently be combined with or transition to a quite different set of thoughts,
attitudes, and behaviors. About 25% of us may experience a major change in how we think, feel,
and act in many areas of our lives, including as relationships, work experiences, feeling
connected to our peer groups, and our own sense of self-worth, physical health, and motivation.
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CHAPTER 2

BACKGROUND

The term "mental health" refers to the social and emotional well-being of individuals and groups.
The idea has to do with having fun in life, being able to handle stress and sadness, realizing one's
potential and aspirations, and feeling connected to other people. Mental health is not just the
absence of a mental health disease; it also involves wellness rather than illness. Mental health is
not fixed, much as physical health.

From normal, healthy functioning at one end to severe signs of mental health disorders at the
other, mental health exists on a continuum or range. Throughout their lifetime, a person's mental
health fluctuates between these points in reaction to various stresses and situations. People who
are healthy and exhibit high levels of wellbeing are found at the green end of the spectrum.
People may begin to struggle when they enter the yellow zone. People struggle more in the
orange region, where symptoms may also become more severe and frequent. People who are at
the red end of the continuum are more likely to have severe symptoms and be in danger of self
harm or suicide.

Neurosis and Psychosis are different types of mental disorders. Neurosis refers to a mild mental
disorder characterized by physical and mental disturbance. Certain mental and physical
disturbances and inner struggles characterize neurosis. Psychosis, on the other hand, is a major
personality disorder marked by mental and emotional disruptions. While neurosis is a mild
mental disorder, psychosis refers to insanity and madness. Given below in a tabular column are
the differences between neurosis and psychosis.

Neurosis is a set of mental disorder that involves chronic distress, but they do not include
delusions and hallucinations. Neurosis is also known a neurotic disorder or psychoneurosis and is
of different types:

● Hysteria

● Impulse control disorder

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● Obsessive-compulsive disorder

● Anxiety

● Obsessive compulsive personality disorder

Neurosis

∙ Sadness, depression, impatience, anxiety, rage, confusion, and other emotions are all
symptoms of neurosis. We can define neurosis as the incapacity of a person to alter their
pattern of behavior and the inability to grow into a more complex, fulfilling personality.

∙ Neurosis if generally rooted in ego defence strategies, but both are not the same. Defense
strategies are common way of maintaining a sense of self. The thoughts that give rise to
struggle of difficulties can called as neurosis.

∙ A person suffering from neurosis faces an unconscious conflict and emotional distress,
which leads to different mental problem. The person might also be neurotic duo to some
natural disaster that he witnessed and n=cannot overcome the thoughts leading to
emotional instability.

∙ Neurosis can happen toa person who has been through a traumatic event, and the
thoughts of the events make it difficult for him to forget the incidents and cause anxiety,
which is primary symptoms of neurosis.

∙ Every person constructs his ideal image by experiences he has gone through, his needs,
fantasies, and the facilities given to him. A person tends to get into ego. Defense
mechanisms at times and when these mechanism leads to emotional distress; we call it
neurosis.

∙ Psychologists and Psychiatrist conduct the treatment of neurosis in various way. Helping
the ill person to start being aware of feeling, traumatic memories, repressed impulses that
cause the symptoms, and then heling the person to have growth in his personality by
 deeper self-understanding can cure neurosis.
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Psychosis

∙ A serious mental illness causes hallucinations, delusion, faults in judgement, and other
such processes is called psychosis. The term refers to a Greek word psych, which means
soul and breath. The other words, psychosis happen when a person has forgotten the
essence of his life, and the person has designed their view of life, which is not shared by
others.

∙ The primary symptoms of psychosis comprise of delusion and hallucination. That means
a person is in a state of imagination, and he thinks that he is living in that image rather
that actual reality.

∙ The person who has psychosis tends to commit suicide or have suicidal tendencies. The

change in the function of the brain usually causes delusion and hallucination. ∙ The most

common and severe psychosis is Schizophrenia. The symptoms appear in the teen years.
Disorganised speech, lack of emotional expression, and lack of energy are the major
symptoms besides hallucinations and delusions.

∙ The above symptoms, if lasted for more than six months, can disable a person’s
functioning. The duration of the disease in not constant. Clinical scans and history are
vital in the diagnosis of psychosis. Early detection of the disorder can help in improving
the outcomes in the long term. Later discovery can affect and cause acute phase of
psychosis.

∙ The above symptoms is done through scanning and also questioning the family about the
behavioural changes. Many diseases can show symptoms of psychosis, such a brief
psychotic disorder, schizophrenia, delusional disorder, bipolar psychosis, schizoaffective
disorder, depression and postpartum depression.
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Importance of mental health

∙ Plays a crucial role in relationship: mental illness might have an impact on how we
 interact with our friends and family.

∙ Affects physical health: there’s a link between our mental health and our physical health.
A sick mind can lead to anxiety and sadness, both of which can make it difficult to move
about and stay active.

∙ Is crucial for emotional well-being: taking care of our emotional well-being can help us

be more productive and effective at work and in our daily activities.

∙ Mental health is linked with crime: as per some studies, poor mental health puts one at an
increased risk of committing violent crimes.

∙ Mental Health is linked to Societal Factors: As previously stated, poor mental health can
lead to an increase in crime and violence. One is likely to grow up to be complex human
beings who struggle to find societal acceptance and support.

∙ Mental Health affects the Quality of Life: From the above discussion, it is clear why it is
important to take care of your mental health. An unhealthy mind can cause us to lose
interest in the things we once enjoyed. It can lead to ups and downs in the basic life
process.

The following indicators might appear in a person with mental

disease: ∙ Bad relation with friends

∙ Bad relation with people in authority

∙ Inability to work in a team

 ∙ Decrease in social networks

∙ Problem in tolerance
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∙ Problem on duties

∙ Lack of satisfaction

∙ Low self-esteem
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Chapter 3
Methodology

This term paper has used secondary data for study. Secondary data is that type of data which has
already been collected through primary sources and made readily available for researchers to use
for their own research. It is a type of data that has already been collected in the past. This study
has review literature through various website, journal and others that are available. Sources for
this term papers include books, personal sources, journals, newspapers, websites, and others.
Secondary data are known to be readily available compared to that of primary data.
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Chapter 4
Conclusion

Both neurosis and psychosis are forms of mental illness. Neurosis has less of an impact. and just
a psychological effect that can be treated with peer support and professional consultation. The
severe illness of psychosis affects both emotional and functional functioning. If not properly
cared for, a person with psychosis is insane and capable of harming himself. Hospitalization is
necessary in some cases of neurosis and in more cases of psychosis.

In Nepal, all spheres of society, from the government to the ordinary public pay "insignificant
attention" to mental health. The resources allocated to mental health care are sparse, which
reflects this. Although exact statistics on the incidence of mental diseases in Nepal are lacking,
small-scale research have suggested that the prevalence in rural areas may be as high as 37.5%.
All of the outpatient facilities are located in significant urban areas, and Kathmandu is home to
more than 80% of the nation's mental inpatient beds, including the one psychiatric hospital.

It is obvious that the majority of people living in rural areas have very limited access to
specialized mental health facilities. Despite the high rates of mental health disorders like
depression and anxiety, there is only one specialized hospital.

In recent years, policy forums have paid some attention to mental health, but the gains made at
the policy level have not been reflected in implementation. This implies that the creation of a
coordination unit inside the Ministry is a prerequisite for the development and execution of
governance procedures and mechanisms for the mental health system.
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Reference

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MHF (Mental Health Foundation). (2008). What works for you? London:

MHF. Sartorius, N. (2002). Fighting for mental health. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press Health Research and Social Development Forum

(HERD) Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal

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