A
bstract
In the modern era of rapid technological advancement, especially driven by the Internet of Things (IoT),
addressing critical challenges like waste management and food waste reduction is becoming increasingly
feasible. This combined study explores the potential of IoT technologies in revolutionizing waste
management systems, particularly in the context of municipal solid waste and food waste. By leveraging
sensor-based networks, including wireless sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and gas detection systems such as
eNose, IoT can effectively monitor waste levels, detect emissions from decaying food, and optimize the
collection process. Smart waste management systems utilize low-cost sensors to monitor garbage bin
fullness and provide real-time data to municipal authorities for timely collection, thereby preventing
overflow, reducing pollution, and promoting hygiene. In the realm of food waste, IoT technologies,
combined with machine learning algorithms, enable real-time detection and analysis of wasted food items
by measuring gas emissions (CH4, CO2, NH3) and weight, offering insights to reduce wastage at
household and restaurant levels. These systems not only enhance waste collection efficiency but also
promote sustainability by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and saving resources. The studies
collectively highlight the transformative potential of IoT in waste management, achieving accuracy rates
as high as 92.65%, while offering a roadmap for future innovations in smart city initiatives and
environmental sustainability.
