Project-Based Learning Report On

Telemetry, Tracking, and Command System.

Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements

For Project-based learning in Radar and Satellite Communication

in
Electronics & Communication Engineering
By

2114110457 Hardik
2114110478 Yashita Kumari
2114110474 Robins Kumar

Under the guidance of the Course In-charge

Prof. Anuradha Nigade

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Bharati Vidyapeeth
(Deemed to be
University) College of
Engineering, Pune –
4110043

Academic Year: 2024-25

Bharati Vidyapeeth
 (Deemed to be
University) College of
Engineering,
Pune – 411043

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the Project Based Learning report entitled, “Telemetry, Tracking, and
Command System” is work done by
2114110457 Hardik
2114110478 Yashita Kumari
2114110474 Robins Kumar

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of credits for Project Based Learning
(PBL) in Radar and Satellite Communication of Bachelor of Technology Semester VII,
Electronics and Communication.

Date:

Prof. Anuradha Nigade Dr. Arundhati A. Shinde

Course In-charge Professor & Head E.C.E

 INDEX: -

Sr.No. Title Page No.

1. Problem Statement

2. Description about Project

3. Key Features

4. Advantage & Disadvantage

5. Applications

6. Software Used

7. Algorithm

8. Code And Output

9. Course Outcome & Conclusion

10. References

Problem Statement: -

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Simulate a basic telemetry,Tracking, and Command (TT&C) system to monitor
satellite parameters.

The project aims to simulate a basic Telemetry, Tracking, and Command (TT&C) system to monitor
the important parameters of a satellite. TT&C systems are crucial for managing satellites because they
allow ground stations to keep track of a satellite's health, monitor its position in space, and send
commands to control it. In this simulation, the project will generate data for various satellite
parameters like temperature, battery level, signal strength, and orientation. It will then send this data to
a simulated ground station to be processed and displayed.
The system will also include features to track the satellite’s position and send simple commands to
adjust some of its parameters. If any data shows unusual values, such as too high a temperature or a
low battery, the system will trigger alerts. This simulation will help understand how satellite
monitoring and control work, serving as a basic model for more complex real-world satellite systems.

DESCRIBTION ABOUT PROJECT: -

This project involves simulating a basic Telemetry, Tracking, and Command (TT&C) system to
monitor satellite parameters. The TT&C system plays a critical role in satellite operations, as it enables
ground stations to monitor the health and status of satellites, track their positions in orbit, and send
commands to control them. This simulation aims to replicate key functionalities of a TT&C system,
providing a simplified model for educational purposes and understanding satellite operations.
The project consists of three main components:
1. Telemetry Monitoring:
o This component involves simulating the generation of satellite data, including key
parameters such as temperature, battery voltage, signal strength, and orientation. The
data will be generated with realistic ranges and periodic updates to mimic real-time
telemetry. The simulation will detect and trigger alerts if any parameter exceeds
predefined thresholds, such as high temperature or low battery voltage. The telemetry
data will be transmitted to a simulated ground station for processing and display.
2. Tracking System:
o The tracking system will simulate monitoring the satellite's position in its orbit. It will
calculate the orbital radius and track the satellite's movement based on orbital velocity.
This component demonstrates how ground stations keep track of a satellite's location in
space, which is crucial for communication and command.
3. Command System:
o The command system will simulate sending basic commands to the satellite to adjust
certain parameters or settings, such as changing the orientation or resetting the system
in case of an anomaly. This functionality allows for simple control and management of
the satellite from the ground station.

Key Features:-

 Data Simulation: Generates realistic telemetry data for satellite parameters.

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  Real-Time Monitoring: Continuously updates and displays telemetry data on a user interface.
 Error Detection: Uses techniques like checksums to detect data transmission errors.
 Alarm and Alerts: Triggers alerts if any parameters go beyond safety limits.
 Tracking: Simulates orbital position tracking for the satellite.
 Command Capabilities: Provides basic control features to manage satellite parameters.
This project serves as a fundamental model for understanding how real-world TT&C systems operate,
providing insights into satellite monitoring, control, and data processing.

Advantage:-
1. Educational Value:
The project serves as a valuable learning tool, helping students and enthusiasts understand the
basic principles behind satellite telemetry, tracking, and command systems. It provides hands-
on experience with concepts related to satellite operations and data monitoring.
2. Real-Time Monitoring Simulation:
By simulating real-time data updates, the project mimics actual satellite operations, giving
users insights into how ground stations monitor and manage satellites. This enhances the
understanding of real-world satellite communication and control.
3. Error Detection and Handling:
The project includes basic error detection techniques, which help in understanding the
importance of data integrity in telemetry systems. This is critical for ensuring that transmitted
data is accurate and reliable.
4. Early Anomaly Detection:
The simulation can trigger alerts if parameters go beyond safe limits, demonstrating how
telemetry systems are used to detect issues early on, such as overheating or low battery levels.
This early detection is crucial for preventing satellite malfunctions.
5. Scalability for More Complex Systems:
The basic simulation can be expanded and modified to include more complex features, such as
advanced data processing, compression techniques, or more sophisticated tracking algorithms.
It can serve as a foundation for building more detailed satellite models.
6. Cost-Effective Testing:
Simulating a telemetry system is much more cost-effective than using actual satellites for
learning and testing. This makes it accessible for students and developers to experiment with
satellite monitoring concepts without the need for expensive equipment.
7. Understanding of TT&C Systems:
By incorporating telemetry, tracking, and command functionalities, the project provides a
comprehensive overview of TT&C systems used in space missions. This understanding is
essential for anyone interested in satellite communication or aerospace engineering.

Disadvantage:-

1. Simplified Model: May not capture all complexities of real-world TT&C systems.

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 2. Limited Accuracy: Simulated data may not reflect actual satellite conditions.
3. No Real Hardware Integration: Lacks real satellite hardware or communication equipment.
4. Basic Error Detection: Uses simple methods, not advanced techniques for data validation.
5. Scalability Issues: May struggle to handle large-scale simulations with many parameters.
6. Dependency on Assumptions: Relies on assumed values for parameters, which may not be
realistic.

Applications:-
Educational Tool:
Used in educational institutions to teach students about satellite telemetry, tracking, and command
systems, providing hands-on experience with space technology concepts.
1. Training for Space Operations:
Helps train engineers and operators in monitoring and controlling satellites, simulating real-
world TT&C operations in a cost-effective manner.
2. Research and Development:
Serves as a basic model for developing more advanced satellite communication systems or
testing new algorithms for telemetry data processing and error detection.
3. Space Mission Planning:
Assists in planning satellite missions by simulating the monitoring and control tasks that would
be needed for real satellites.
4. Prototyping New Features:
Allows developers to prototype and test new telemetry features, such as improved error
handling or data compression techniques, before implementing them in actual systems.
5. Simulation-Based Testing:
Used for testing and validating communication protocols, algorithms, or software intended for
use in real satellite telemetry and control systems.
6. Public Outreach and Demonstrations:
Demonstrates satellite operations to the public or stakeholders during exhibitions or outreach
programs, making space technology more accessible.

Software Used
MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory) is a high-level programming language and interactive environment
designed for numerical computing, visualization, and programming. Developed by MathWorks,
MATLAB is widely used in academia and industry for tasks such as data analysis, algorithm
development, modeling, simulation, and prototyping.
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With its powerful matrix operations and extensive libraries, MATLAB simplifies complex
mathematical computations and provides tools for advanced data visualization. Users can create
scripts and functions to automate tasks, making it an ideal choice for engineers, scientists, and
researchers working in fields like control systems, signal processing, image processing, machine
learning, and more.

MATLAB is a versatile and powerful tool that enhances productivity and innovation in numerical
computing and data analysis. Its user-friendly environment, extensive libraries, and integration
capabilities make it an essential resource for professionals and students alike, fostering exploration
and discovery in various fields.
MATLAB also supports integration with other languages (such as C, C++, and Python) and
hardware platforms (like Arduino and Raspberry Pi), enabling users to create comprehensive
solutions that bridge software and hardware applications.

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 Algorithm:-
Short Algorithm for Basic Satellite Telemetry Simulation
1. Start
2. Initialize Parameters:
o Set temperature = 20.0
o Set battery_level = 100.0
o Set orientation = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
3. Set num_updates = 5
4. Initialize Data Arrays for storing telemetry data.
5. For each update (i = 1 to num_updates):
o Update temperature with a random change between -0.5 and 0.5.
o Update battery_level with a random decrease (0.1 to 0.5), ensuring it stays ≥ 0.
o Update orientation values (roll, pitch, yaw) with random changes between -1 and 1,
using modulo 360.
o Store updated values in data arrays.
o Display telemetry data for the current update.
o Plot telemetry data for temperature, battery level, and orientation.
o Pause for 0.5 seconds.
6. End Simulation

CODE:-
% Basic Satellite Telemetry Simulation in MATLAB
clc;
clear;

% Initialize parameters
temperature = 20.0; % degrees Celsius
battery_level = 100.0; % percentage
orientation = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]; % Orientation in degrees (roll, pitch, yaw)

% Number of updates to simulate

num_updates = 5;

% Arrays to store telemetry data for plotting

temperature_data = zeros(1, num_updates);
battery_data = zeros(1, num_updates);
roll_data = zeros(1, num_updates);
pitch_data = zeros(1, num_updates);
yaw_data = zeros(1, num_updates);

% Simulation loop
for i = 1:num_updates
% Update parameters with random variations
temperature = temperature + (rand() - 0.5); % Random change between -0.5 and 0.5
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 battery_level = max(0, battery_level - (0.1 + 0.4 * rand())); % Random decrease between 0.1 and
0.5
orientation = mod(orientation + (2 * rand(1, 3) - 1), 360); % Random change between -1 and 1 for
roll, pitch, yaw

% Store telemetry data for plotting

temperature_data(i) = temperature;
battery_data(i) = battery_level;
roll_data(i) = orientation(1);
pitch_data(i) = orientation(2);
yaw_data(i) = orientation(3);

% Display telemetry data

fprintf('Satellite Telemetry Data (Update %d):\n', i);
fprintf('Temperature (°C): %.2f\n', temperature);
fprintf('Battery Level (%%): %.2f\n', battery_level);
fprintf('Orientation (Roll, Pitch, Yaw): [%.2f, %.2f, %.2f]\n', orientation);
fprintf('-----------------------------------------------\n');

% Plot the telemetry data

subplot(3, 1, 1);
plot(1:i, temperature_data(1:i), '-o');
title('Temperature Over Time');
xlabel('Update Number');
ylabel('Temperature (°C)');
grid on;

subplot(3, 1, 2);
plot(1:i, battery_data(1:i), '-o');
title('Battery Level Over Time');
xlabel('Update Number');
ylabel('Battery Level (%)');
grid on;

subplot(3, 1, 3);
plot(1:i, roll_data(1:i), '-o', 1:i, pitch_data(1:i), '-o', 1:i, yaw_data(1:i), '-o');
title('Orientation (Roll, Pitch, Yaw) Over Time');
xlabel('Update Number');
ylabel('Degrees');
legend('Roll', 'Pitch', 'Yaw');
grid on;

% Pause for a second before the next update

pause(0.5);
end

Output:-

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COURSE OUTCOME:-
CO1 :

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CONCLUSION:-
In this PBL, We creates a simple simulation of a Telemetry, Tracking, and Command
(TT&C) system to monitor satellite parameters. It shows how satellite data can be
collected, monitored in real-time, and used to detect problems, like high temperature or
low battery. The system also allows basic control, like adjusting satellite settings and
tracking its position. While it’s a simplified version, the project helps in learning how
real satellite communication works. It’s a useful starting point for understanding satellite
monitoring and can be expanded for more complex space projects in the future.

References:-

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