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Analytic Function
id to be analytic if it is single valued and differentiable at
‘A function f(z) is sai
all points in a certain domain.
Problem 13. Find Re f and Im f. Also find their values at the given point 2.
i f =3z2?7-624+3i ; z=2+i %
z=4-Si « %,
ai 1
ii, fa; z=1+ti
Problem 14. Differentiate.
i (2? -9)/@? #1)
i 22/2 +0?
ii, +0?
Cauchy Riemann Equations
Cauchy Riemanm equations provide a criterion (a test) for the analyticity of a
complex function
w= f(@) =u(x,y) + ivy)
Ifuy = 0u/Ox , uy = du/dy, vy = Av/Ax and vy = dv/dy
Then the Cauchy Riemann equations said that
28 Uy = vy and Uy = Vx
Roughly, f is analytic in a domain D if and only if the first partial
derivatives of wand v satisfy the two Cauchy Riemann equations.
Theorem: Let f(z) = w(x, y) + iv(x,y) be defined and continuous in some
neighborhood of a point z = x + iy and differentiable at z itself, Then at that
point, the first order partial derivatives of u and v exists and satisfy the Cauchy
Riemann equations. Hence if f(z) is analytic in domain Dj,those, partial
derivatives exists and satisfy Cauchy Riemann equations at all, points of D.
Proof: As f(z) = u(x,y) + iv(%,y), let derivative of f(z) exists and can be
given as 3
f(@ + Az) ~ f@)
Az
F@)= jim, bs(2)
Asz = x + iy, so we can write Az = Ax + iAy, Then
z+ Az =x+ Ax+i(y + Ay), and in terms ofu and v the derivative in equation
(1) becomes
f@
tm GH Amy + By) + ioe + ny + AyD) = [Gey + 9D]
aso ax + iy ae as
=i [u(x + Ax, y + Ay) + iv@ + Any + Ay)] — [uc y) + ivy] )
nen Ax + idy i
29 Case |:
Keeping y as constant and change is only produce along x-axis i.e.
Ay = Oand Ax +0
Then equation (2) can be written as
f@
[u(x + Ax, y) + iv(e + Ax,y)] — fu(x, %
= Jip, H+ Bs) + ote B90] — ue) + cog \o
If we first write the two w-terms and then two veterms, thenlequation (3) becomes
u(x + Axy) —u@y)
a .
PG) = hm, z
, v(x tdx, » —v(x,y) (4)
+i
an
Since f’(z) exists, the tWo/real/limits on right exists. By definition, they are the
partial derivatives of u and v with respect to x. Hence equation (4) can be written
as
vy Ou, Ov
f= +g
> (2) =u + in (8)
Case II:
Keeping x as constant and change is only produce along y-axis i.e,
Ax = Oand Ay > 0
30 Now equation (2) can be written as
‘ [u(x y + Ay) + iv(x,y + Ay)] ~ [ux y) + oe )]
£@) = je iy
( ucny tay) — uly) | voy + Ay) — vy)
= him St ir
ayo idy ayo iy
u(xy + dy) = ue y)
£1) =~ in
4 lim ZeXt Ay) = v(x) (6)
by-0 y <«
Since f'(z) exists, the two real limits on right exists. By definition, they are the
partial derivatives of w and v with respect to,y. Henge equation (6) can be written
as
du dv
fO=-5 +5
= f'(2) = ~itly + vy = vy +i
By comparing the real and imaginary parts of equations (5) and (7), we get
‘Aty:
Hence the function f(z) is analytic and satisfy the Cauchy Riemann Equations.
31
