THARAKA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE

FACILITY OF LIFE SCIENCE AND NATURAL RESOURCES

DEPARTMENT OF DRY LAND AND AGRICULTURE AND NATURAAL
RESOURCES
PROGRAMME: DIPLOMA IN HEALTH RECORDS AND INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
COURSE OUTLINE
CREDIT FACTORS 3.0 CONTACT HOURS 30
UNIT COCODE & TITLE HRIT 0241: HEALTH CARE
DELIVERY (1)
PREREQUISITE NONE
LECTURER NAME JOBADAM NJIRU
CONTACT & EMAIL Jobadamsm88@[Link]
0727845690

Course purpose
The course is designed to equip the learners with necessary knowledge,
skills, and positive attitudes to be able to fulfill the below outlined
objectives
Expected learning outcomes
By the end of the unit the learner should be able to:
i. Describe the Kenyan national health care delivery system
ii. Identify the determinants of an effective health care delivery system
Course Contents
The Kenya national health care delivery system, structure of the health
care service organization, national, provincial, district, health center,
dispensary, the role of various agencies in health promotion, government,
multi-laterals (e.g. WHO), bi-laterals (e.g. USAID), NGOs (e.g. AMREF),
private providers (PO’s), human resource, medical staff, administrative
staff, supportive staff, health service programs, major goals of HSDP-III
and the national chatters, maternal-child health/PHC, HIV/AIDS, malaria,
tuberculosis and other diseases, determinants of an effective health care
delivery system.

COURSE
SCHEDULE
WEEK TOPIC SPECIFIC LEARNING TEACHING
OUTCOME LEARNING
METHODOLOGY
1 Introduction The Kenya national Lectures and
health care delivery tutorials
system
2 The structure of Service organization, Ease studies of
health care national, provincial, critical and scientific
district, health care, reading
dispensary
3 Role of agencies in Government, Lectures and
health promotion multilaterals (e.g., tutorials:
WHO), bilateral demonstrations
(USAID), NGOs (e.g.
AMREF) private
providers (POs)
4 Role of agencies in Human resource, Lectures and
health promotions medical staff, tutorials
administrative staff,
support staff
5 CAT 1
6 Health service Major goals of HSDP- Demonstration and
programs 111 and national industrial
chatters assignment
7 Maternal -child HIV/AIDS, Malaria, Group discussion
health /PHC tuberculosis and other
diseases
8 CAT 2
9 Determinant of Effective health care Individual
health care delivery system assignment
10 END OF SEMESTER
EXAM

Teaching / Learning Methodologies

Lectures and tutorials; Group discussion; Demonstration; Individual
assignment; Case studies of critical and scientific reading, writing and
listening in the field of technology.
Instructional Materials and Equipment
Projector; Text books; Design catalogues; Computer laboratory; Design
software; Simulator

Course Assessment
Examination 70%
Continuous Assessment Test (CAT) 30%
Total Marks 100%

References
i. Kane CK. The Practice Arrangements of Patient Care Physicians
2007-2008. Chicago, IL: American Medical Association; 2009. [Google
Scholar]
ii. . Budetti PP, Shortell SM, Waters TM et al. Physician and health
system integration. Health Aff (Millwood) 2002;21(1):203–210. [PubMed]
[Google Scholar]
iii. . Shields MC, Sacks LB, Patel PH. Clinical integration provides the
key to quality improvement: structure for change. Am J Med Qual.
2008;23(3):161–164. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
iv. Enthoven AC, Tollen LA. Competition in health care: it takes
systems to pursue quality and efficiency. Health Aff (Millwood) 2005;
(suppl web exclusives) W5-420–W5-4233. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
v. Shortell SM, Bazzoli GJ, Dubbs NL, Kralovec P. Classifying health
networks and systems: managerial and policy implications. Health Care
Manage Rev. 2000;25(4):9–17. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
vi. Gillies RR, Shortell SM, Anderson DA, Mitchell JB, Morgan KL.
Conceptualizing and measuring integration: findings from the health
systems integration study. Hosp Health Serv Adm. 1993;38(4):467–489.
[PubMed] [Google Scholar]
vii. Solberg LI, Asche SE, Pawlson LG, Scholle SH, Shih SC. Practice
systems are associated with high-quality care for diabetes. Am J Manag
Care. 2008;14(2):85–92. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Singer SJ, Burgers J, Friedberg M, Rosenthal MB, Leape L, Schneider E.
Defining and measuring integrated patient care: promoting the next
frontier in health care delivery. Med Care Res Rev. 2011;68(1):112–127.
[PubMed] [Google Scholar]
 MARKING SCHEME
HRIT 0144: DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN HEALTHCARE
1. (a)Define the following terms (5MARKS)
I. Disaster- “Is a natural or human-caused event which causes intensive
negative impacts on people, goods, services and/or the environment,
exceeding the affected community’s capability to respond”
ii. Disaster Management-Is a systematic process (i.e., is based on the
key management principles of planning, organizing, and leading which
includes coordinating and controlling) aims to reduce the negative impact
or consequences of adverse events (i.e., disasters cannot always be
prevented, but the adverse effects can be minimized)
[Link]-Is the potential for a natural or human- caused event to occur
with negative consequences.
iv. Emergency-Is a situation generated by the real or imminent
occurrence of an event that requires immediate attention”
V. Risk-Is the probability that loss will occur as the result of an adverse
event, given the hazard and the vulnerability”
(b) Give two aims of disaster management (2MARKS)
-Reduce (Avoid, if possible) the potential losses from hazards.
-Assure prompt and appropriate assistance to victims when necessary
-Achieve rapid and durable recovery.
2(a) Explain vulnerability in disaster management (2MARKS)
-Is the extent to which a community’s structure, services or environment
is likely to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of a hazard”
(b)Name two natural disasters(2MARKS)
- cyclones, earthquakes, tsunami, floods, landslides, and volcanic
eruptions
[Link] five factors contributing to disaster impact and
severity(5MARKS)
-Human vulnerability
- Phenomenon (hazard) characteristics
- Impact (sudden vs gradual)
-Manageability
-Risk
[Link] five advantages of coordination of disaster responses
(5MARKS)
- Improved efficiency, cost-effectiveness and speed of response
-A framework for strategic decision making on issues of common concern
- A unified strategic approach to disaster response
- Elimination of gaps and duplication of services in meeting the needs of
the affected populations
-Appropriate division of responsibilities based on an organization’s
comparative advantage
5(a)What are the elements of strategic plan for coordination
(3MARKS)
[Link] emergency's needs and resources assessment
ii. The goals and objectives of the operation
iii. Identification of roles and resources of organizations
iv. Comparative analysis of advantages and drawbacks of organizations
v. Identification of potential duplication or gaps in provision of assistance
vi. Identification of actions to be taken, by whom, ensuring no
unnecessary duplication of services
vii. Identification of operational support coordination activities, e.g. shared
facilities and other resources
viii. Implementation schedule
(b)What is emergency management (2MARKS)
- Is a discipline that involves the avoidance of risks, while simultaneously
putting plans in place to deal with disasters and emergency situations if
and when they do occur with a view to re-build and restore society to a
functional level in as short a time as possible after a disaster.
6.(a)Give the aim of ethics (2MARKS)
- The aim to live a good life, with others, and for others,
(b)What does international humanitarian law cover(2MARKS)
• International humanitarian law covers two areas:
– The protection of those who are not, or no longer,
taking part in fighting;
– Restrictions on the means of warfare – in particular weapons –
and the methods of warfare, such as military tactics.
SECTION B (60MARKS)
7(a)Explain the components of disaster management (10MARKS)
- Hazard Analysis
-Vulnerability Analysis
-Prevention and mitigation
-Preparedness
-Prediction and warning
-Response
-Recovery
(b)Outline the steps in a disaster recovery plan(10MARKS)
The plan should have at least the following seven steps:
-Gathering basic information
-Organizing recovery
-Mobilizing resources for recovery
-Administering recovery
-Regulating recovery
- Coordinating recovery activities
- Evaluating recovery
8(a)Explain the preconditions that enables the coordination in
disaster management to work best(10MARKS)
1. Participatory
• Coordination becomes viable when agencies
actively participate in the coordination process
• Organizations need to participate in deciding the policies, procedures,
strategies and plans that will affect their operations.
• Participants must act to secure and maintain the confidence of others,
thereby creating an atmosphere of respect and good will.
2. Impartiality
• Coordination should advocate the principle of impartiality, i.e. the
provision of relief solely on the basis of actual needs, not on the objectives
of a particular agency.
• This impartiality should be maintained in both pre- and post-disaster
periods.
3. Transparency
• Coordination requires trust and trust requires transparency—the willing
flow of information and open decision-making processes.
• The real motives of decision making should be clear to all participants
and acceptable to the affected population.
(b)Describe the elements in assessing the resources required for
a disaster preparedness plan(10MARKS)
- Housing
- medical supplies
- Food
- Communication systems
- Transport and organization of deliveries
- Availability of people to render urgent assistance (relief)
- Equipment and sanitation
9(a)Discuss the elements of a strategic plan coordination
(10MARKS)
i. The emergency's needs and resources assessment
ii. The goals and objectives of the operation
iii. Identification of roles and resources of organizations
iv. Comparative analysis of advantages and drawbacks of organizations
v. Identification of potential duplication or gaps in provision of assistance
vi. Identification of actions to be taken, by whom, ensuring no
unnecessary duplication of services
vii. Identification of operational support coordination activities, e.g.,
shared facilities and other resources
viii. Implementation schedule
(b)Describe the phases of disaster disaster management
(10MARKS)
-Preparedness
-response
-recovery
-mitigation

MARKING SCHEME
HRIT 0143: COMMUNITY HEALTH MANAGEMENT
[Link] the following terms (5MARKS)
I. Community - A group of people who live in a defined geographical area
share common cultural values, norms and identity; and are arranged in a
social structure according to relationships
[Link] - A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
[Link] health - A study which focuses on the protection,
improvement and maintenance of the health status of population, groups
and communities
iv. Population coverage - The proportion of the population to which the
service is available.
v. Household - Those who dwell under the same roof and compose a
family
[Link] the five determinants of health (5MARKS)
-Economic determinants - including income, employment and working
conditions
-Social determinants-including social support, safety at home and
community, education and literacy
-Physical environmental determinants-including state of the natural
environment, roads,and adequate housing
-Individual characteristics and behaviors – this include lifestyle and habits
-Health services –this includes preventive, curative, rehabilitative and
promotive services
[Link] the importance of access to health care (5MARKS)
-Promoting and maintaining health,
- Preventing and managing disease,
-Reducing unnecessary disability and premature death,
-Achieving health for all,
-Improved health status and quality of life.
[Link] three components of health care service’s needs (3MARKS)
- Insurance coverage
-Health services
-Timeliness of care
[Link] the barriers to accessing health service needs
(5MARKS)
-High cost of care,
- Inadequate or no insurance coverage,
-Unavailability of services,
-Cultural beliefs, myths and misconceptions.
-Ignorance
-Delayed decision
-Distance to health facility
-Attitude of health care providers
[Link] are the aim of the community health (3MARKS)
- Bringing essential health services closer to the community members,
- Empowering community members to initiate, implement and own
activities promoting their health,
-Enhancing community access to health care in order to reduce poverty,
hunger, and deaths,
-Achieving health for all through health and development interventions
- Improving health and environmental conditions,
- Achieving better quality of life,
-Reduce disease occurrence hence decongest hospitals
-Helps to reduce health gaps caused by differences in factors that can
affect health (e.g. income, education, race and ethnicity, location and
other
7.(a)Briefly describe these terms (3MARKS)
I. Drug – Any substance that when consumed causes a change in a
person's physiology or psychology. The drugs are typically different from
food and substances that provide nutritional support.
[Link] Abuse – Chronic use of a drug, or compulsory use of drugs for a
reason other than for which it was intended. It is the bad use of a drug
leading to dependency.
[Link] misuse – Using a drug for a reason other than its clinical
purpose. When a person starts taking drugs regularly, the drugs produce
tolerance, addiction, withdrawals and psychological dependence
(b) NACADA – stands for National Agency for the Campaign against Drug
Abuse (Kenya) (1MARK)
SECTION B (40MARKS)
8.(a)Drugs are categorized according to their effects on users.
Describe the various methods of classifying drugs (10MARKS)
-Stimulants - impact the body’s central nervous system (CNS), causing the
user to
feel as if they are “speeding up.” These drugs increase the user’s level of
alertness, pumping up heart rate, blood pressure, breathing and blood
glucose levels.
Doctors prescribe stimulants for, narcolepsy and asthma (because the
drugs can open up breathing passages). Examples are: Cocaine –
commonly known as blow, bump, candy, coke, rock (are smoked
or injected) Amphetamine – commonly known as black beauty, hearts,
track driver
(Swallowed, smoked, injected)
-Depressants - Like stimulants, depressants also impact the body’s CNS,
but with the opposite effect, making users feel as if things are “slowing
down.” Thus, they are often called “downers”.
-Hallucinogens - Hallucinogens work by disrupting communication within
the brain. Users report intense, rapidly shifting emotions and perceptions
of things that aren’t really there. Hallucinogen user might believe that
they see a person
speaking to them - when that person does not even exist.
- Dissociative-Dissociative distort the user’s perception of reality, and
cause users to “dissociate,” or feel as if they are watching themselves
from outside their own bodies. They gain a false sense of invincibility,
then engage in risky behavior such as driving under the influence.
- Opioids-Opioids are powerful painkillers that produce a sense of
excitement or joy in users. They are extremely habit-forming, sometimes
even causing addiction in as little as three days. Opioids can be smoked,
eaten, drank, injected or taken as pills.
-Inhalants - These drugs cause brief feelings of joy and excitement. As the
name suggests, inhalants are always inhaled as gases, sprays or fumes.
- Cannabis - Most commonly recognized as marijuana, cannabis acts like a
hallucinogen, but also produces depressant-like effects.
(b) Discuss the illness Associated with drug abuse (10marks)
-HIV - The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes HIV infection and
the acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
-Depression - A depressive disorder is a syndrome (group of symptoms)
that reflects a sad, blue mood exceeding normal sadness or grief, changes
in bodily functions (for example, eating, sleeping, poor judgment and
sexual activity).
-Erectile dysfunction - Erectile dysfunction (ED), also known as
impotence, is the inability to achieve or sustain an erection for
satisfactory sexual activity.
- Schizophrenia - referred to as split personality disorder, schizophrenia
is a chronic, severe, mental illness
lead to fluid and electrolyte abnormalities), and abdominal pains are
common.
- Stroke - also known as a cerebrovascular accident or CVA, occurs when
part of the brain loses its blood supply. A stroke is a medical emergency
because strokes can lead to death or permanent disability
-Steroid withdrawal symptoms - can bring many other medical
problems. Weakness, fatigue, decreased appetite, weight loss, nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea (which can pressure can become too low, leading to
dizziness or fainting. Blood sugar levels may drop. Women also may note
menstrual changes.
-Stress - is a fact of nature in which forces from the inside or outside
world affect the individual. The individual responds to stress in ways that
affect the individual, as well as their environment.
- Hepatitis C infection - is an infection of the liver caused by the
hepatitis C virus (HCV). It is difficult for the human immune system to
eliminate hepatitis C from the body
- Microcephaly - is a medical condition in which the circumference of the
head is smaller than normal because the brain has not developed properly
or has stopped growing.
- Low blood pressure - also called hypotension. Blood pressure
becomes low enough that the flow of blood to the organs of the body is
inadequate and symptoms and/or signs of low blood flow develop shock.
-An aortic aneurysm - is dilation or bulging of the aorta. Aorta is the
major artery that leaves the heart to supply blood to the body.
Others – child abuse, nose bleeding, alcoholism, cancer, Hepatitis B,
chronic pain, suicide, antisocial personality disorder, learning disability,
sexual problems, anxiety, hypersomnia, hyper sensitivity, domestic
violence,
9.(a) A strategy is an approach or method of implementing an
activity. Describe the three main strategies of primary healthcare
(PHC)(10MARKS)
- Community Based Health Care
These are health care activities initiated and implemented by community
own persons
It is for people of all ages who need health care assistance at home.
Community care services include home support, home nursing,
Community management
of childhood illnesses (CMCI), physiotherapy and other rehabilitation
services.
For example: A CHV visits a sick person at home to help with medication.
- Income Generating Activities
This initiative was a formal statement adopted by African health ministers
in 1987 at Bamako in Mali. This was called BAMAKO initiative
It was meant to implement strategies designed to increase the availability
of essential drugs and other health care services
This was an initiative of drug revolving funds as income generating
activity to sustain PHC activities.
- Community strategy
Definition
this is an approach that sets up an assurance that Kenyan communities
have the
capacity and motivation to take up their essential role in health care
delivery
This is the concept of taking health services close to the people
It is a strategy for the delivery of level one service
(b)Describe the principles of primary health care (PHC)(10MARKS)
-Equitable distribution
Equity is the fair distribution of available resources to all individuals and
families so that they can meet their fundamental and basic needs.
Services should be physically, socially, and financially accessible to
everyone
People with similar needs should have equal access to similar health
services
Equal access, resource distribution and coverage of PHC services should
be greatest in
those areas with the greatest need
- Manpower development
PHC aims at mobilizing human potential to use available resources in the
community in maintaining the health of people in the community
This principle facilitates identification, training and development of
necessary personnel to serve the community
-Community participation
This is the process by which individuals, families and communities take
responsibility in promoting their own health and welfare
Full participation is important in decision making and taking care of own
health
Community members and health providers need to work together in
partnership to seek
solutions to problems facing the communities
- Appropriate technology
This is a kind of technology that is scientifically or technically sound and
adoptable to local needs, and the community can afford to maintain it for
their self-reliance. Caregivers should be trained to deliver services using
the most appropriate and cost- effective methods and equipment for their
level of care
-Multi-sector and Inter-sector approach
Health sector cannot achieve much in isolation .PHC requires coordinated
effort with other related sectors whose activities impacts on health e.g.,
agriculture, water and sanitation, transportation & communication,
education etc.
- Social justice
Ensure cultural sensitivity
Respect for social identity, norms and etiquette
-Accessibility
Make health care accessible to every member of the community
Taking health care services closer to the people
-Affordability
Make health care services lest costly so that every member of the
community can afford at reasonable cost
-Sustainability
Ensure continuity of the health care services even after donor or external
funder withdraw the funding
10.(a)Describe the services offered in the maternal and child
health clinic (MCH)(10MARKS)
- Focused antenatal care.
o Targeted post-natal care.
o Providing all family planning methods: short term, long term, permanent
i.e., vasectomy& tubal ligation.
o Screening of Breast and Cervical cancer in all women of reproductive
ages.
o Giving [Link], Pentavalent, Polio, Measles.
o Growth monitoring for children under the age of five.
o Counseling and testing of antenatal mothers and partners on PMTCT -
eMTC
o Create awareness through Micro teaching on various topics i.e.
Nutrition, Breast
feeding, Weaning etc.
(b)Explain what community nutrition entails (10MARKS)
o Surveillance of food chain–This is assessing food for possible infestation
with germs, toxic. It’s also called food contamination monitoring
o Nutritional epidemiology–A study on relationship between nutrition and
health. It is the study on effects of dietary intake and nutritional status on
health of individual or community.
o Clinical nutrition and diabetes - Involves assessing the effectiveness of
clinical nutrition in diabetes care and outcomes
o Nutrition Education-Is any combination of educational strategies,
accompanied by environmental supports, designed to facilitate voluntary
adoption of food choices and nutrition-related behaviors conducive to
health and well-being.
o Food and nutrition policy–Government rule for:
Making healthy food available
Disclose the calorie content of restaurant foods
Teach people how to make healthy eating easier
Nutrition standards for school lunches
Regulation of food additives.
o Food standard agency-is concerned with food quality standards. It
addresses food safety issues at every stage of the chain, providing
information and guidance on best practice and legal requirements.
o Mass Catering-Food and drink supplied by a caterer to large numbers of
customers at the same timeU

THARAKA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE

FACILITY OF LIFE SCIENCE AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DEPARTMENT OF DRY LAND AND AGRICULTURE AND NATURAAL
RESOURCES
PROGRAMME: DIPLOMA IN HEALTH RECORDS AND INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
COURSE OUTLINE
CREDIT FACTOR 3.0 CONTACT HOUR 45
UNIT CODE AND TITLE HRIT 0242 MEDICAL
DEMOGRAPHY (1)
PREREQUISITE NONE
LECTURER NAME JOBADAM NJIRU
CONTACT AND EMAIL 0727845690
/jobadamsm@[Link]
Pre-Requisites: None
Course Purpose
To equip the learner with knowledge, skills and attitude to enable him/her
manage demographic data for health care planning and management.
Expected Learning outcomes
i. State the significance and uses of demography in health care
services
ii. Identify the sources of demographic data
iii. Demonstrate ability to use demographic methods
iv. Describe and analyze fertility
v. Standardization of fertility measures
Course Content
Demography: definition; rates, ratios, proportions, importance and uses.
Sources: census, registration, surveys. Population: definition, census,
growth, factors, effects, control and policies. Composition: sex, age, age
dependency ratio. Age: measurement, structure. Population pyramids and
construction. Demographic transition theory.
Definition of terms; historical background of fertility measures; Fertility:
description, analysis and measurement. Rates: crude birth, general
fertility, age specific fertility, total fertility, specific fertility. Migration:
description and analysis Direct and indirect standardization of fertility
measures,

COURSE
SCHEDULE
WEEK TOPIC SPECIFIC TEACHING
LEARNING /LEARNING
OUTCOMES METHODOLOGY
1 INTRODUCTION Definition, rates, Lecturers and
ratios, tutorials
proportions,
importance and
uses
2 sources registrations surveys
3 population Definition, Lectures and
census, growth, tutorials
factors, effects
control and
policies
4 composition Sex, age, age Lectures and
dependency ratio tutorials
5 CAT 1
6 AGE Measurement, Demonstrations
structure,
population
pyramids and
construction,
demographic
transitional theory
7 Definition of Historical Individual
 terms background of assignment
fertility. Fertility:
description
analysis and
measurements
8 CAT 2
9 RATES Crude birth, Group discussion
general fertility, demonstration
age specific
fertility, total
fertility, specific
fertility.
10 migration Description and demonstration
analysis. Direct
and indirect
standardization of
fertility measures
END OF
SEMESTER EXAM

Teaching / Learning Methodologies

Lectures and tutorials; Group discussion; Demonstration; Individual
assignment; Case studies of critical and scientific reading, writing and
listening in the field of Business and technology
Instructional Materials and Equipment
Projector; Text books; Design catalogues; Computer laboratory; Design
software; Simulators
Course Assessment
Examination 70%
Continuous Assessment Test (CAT) 30%
Total Marks 100%
Recommended Text Books
1. Devashish Sharma. (2009). Medical Statistics and Demography.
Allahabad: Jay pee Import Publishers
2. Jacob S. Siegel. (2011). The Demography and Epidemiology of
Human Health and aging. Allahabad: Jay pee Import Publishers.
3. Louis G. Pol. Richard K. Thomas. (2012). The Demography of Health
and Health Care. Washington: CDC
Recommended Text Books
1. Muhammad Aslam Chaudhry, Ali Mohammad Mir. (2004). An
Introduction to Medical Demography. Washington: CDC
2. Louis G. Pol. Richard K. Thomas. (2012). The Demography of Health
and Health Care. Washington: CDC

THARAKA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE

FACILITY OF LIFE SCIENCE AND NATURAL RESOURCES
DEPARTMENT OF DRY LAND AND AGRICULTURE AND NATURAAL
RESOURCES
PROGRAMME: DIPLOMA IN HEALTH RECORDS AND INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
CREDIT FACTOR 3.0 CONTACT HOUR 45
UNIT CODE AND TITLE HRIT 0231: EPIDEMIOLOGY I
PREREQUISITE NONE
LECTURER NAME JOBADAM NJIRU
CONTACT AND EMAIL Jobadamsm88@[Link]
Course purpose: The course is designed to equip the learners with
necessary knowledge, skills, and positive attitudes to be able to fulfill the
below outlined objectives
Expected learning outcomes
By the end of the unit the learner should be able to:
i. Explain basic concepts of epidemiology and disease surveillance
ii. Describe the subject matter of epidemiology
iii. Describe the frequency measures in epidemiology
iv. Identify the sources of epidemiological data
COURSE CONTENTS
Basic concepts of epidemiology and disease surveillance, definition of
epidemiology and its origin, health, disease and risk factors, community
health diagnosis, natural history of disease, ecological causes of disease,
subject matter of epidemiology, scope of epidemiology, Uses and
purposes of epidemiology, terms used in epidemiology, frequency
measures in epidemiology, rates, ratios and proportions, measures of
morbidity, incidence, prevalence, relative risks, attributable risk,
population attributable risks, measures of mortality, infant mortality rate,
maternal mortality rate, prenatal mortality rate, neonatal mortality rate,
case fatality rates, errors in measurement, sources of epidemiological
data, census,

WEEK TOPIC SPECIFIC TEACHING /

LEARNING LEARNING
OUTCOME METHODOLOGY
1 INTRODUCTION Basic concepts Lectures and
of epidemiology tutorials
and disease
surveillance
2 definitions Epidemiology Lectures and
and its origin tutorials
health, disease
and risk
factors ,commu
nity health
diagnosis ,natur
al history of
disease
3 diseases Ecological cause Group discussion
of disease
subject matter
of epidemiology
4 Epidemiology Lectures and
scope tutorials
epidemiology,
uses and
 purposes of
epidemiology
5 CAT 1
6 Terms used in Rates, ratios Writing and
epidemiology, and proportion listening
frequency measures of
measures in morbidity,
epidemiology incidence,
prevalence,
relative
risks ,attributabl
e
risks ,population
attribute risk
7 mortality rate Measures of Case studies of
mortality, infant critical and
mortality rate, scientific reading
maternal
mortality rate,
neonatal
mortality
rate ,case
fatility rate
8 CAT 2
9 epidemiological Errors in Demonstration
data measurements, and group
sources of discussion
epidemiological
data census
10 End of semester
exam

Teaching / Learning Methodologies

Lectures and tutorials; Group discussion; Demonstration; Individual
assignment; Case studies of critical and scientific reading, writing and
listening
Instructional Materials and Equipment
Projector; Text books
Course Assessment
Examination 70%
Continuous Assessment Test (CAT) 30%
Total Marks 100%
REFERENCES
i. Mausner and Bahn. Introductory text of epidemiology. Second
Edition. W. B. Saunders.
ii. Shiferaw M and Fenta H. Epidemiology - A manual for students and
health workers in Ethiopia.
iii. Fletcher M. Principles and practice of Epidemiology.
iv. Barker DJP. Practical Epidemiology. 3rd edition
v. Epidemiology in community health. Jane McCusker series
vi. Lucase AO and Gilles HH. A short textbook of preventive medicine
for the tropics.
vii. Benenson AS. Control of communicable disease in man. 14th
edition, 1985.
viii. Brownson RC, Petitti DB. Applied Epidemiology . Theory to Practice.
1998. Oxford University Press.
ix. Kenneth J. Rothman, Sander Greenland. Modern Epidemiology.
Second Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 1998.