Microprocessor and Interfacing (8085) - Important Topics & Answers
1. Overview of 8085 Microprocessor
The 8085 microprocessor is an 8-bit general-purpose microprocessor with a 16-bit address bus and an 8-bit
data bus, which allows it to address up to 64KB of memory. It consists of an Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU),
timing and control circuits, registers like the Program Counter (PC), and Stack Pointer (SP). The
microprocessor can perform operations like arithmetic, logic, branching, and data transfer.
The Accumulator (A register) is an essential component, which holds one of the operands in arithmetic or
logic operations, and the result.
2. Architecture and Pin Diagram
The architecture of the 8085 microprocessor consists of various functional units like the Arithmetic and Logic
Unit (ALU), General-purpose registers (B, C, D, E, H, L), and Special purpose registers (Accumulator,
Program Counter, Stack Pointer).
Important Pins:
- ALE (Address Latch Enable): Used to demultiplex the address and data bus.
- TRAP: A non-maskable interrupt, highest priority interrupt.
- INTR: Maskable interrupt request input.
Pin Diagram of 8085 includes pins for address bus (A15-A8), data bus (AD7-AD0), control signals, and power
supply.
3. Instruction Set & Addressing Modes
The 8085 microprocessor supports various types of instructions based on its operation type. Key categories
include data transfer, arithmetic, logical, branch, and control instructions.
- Addressing Modes: Immediate, Direct, Register, Register Indirect, and Implied.
Example Instructions:
- MOV A, B: Move data from register B to register A.
- ADD B: Add the contents of register B to the accumulator.
- RRC: Rotate accumulator right through carry.
4. Timing Diagrams for Key Instructions
Timing diagrams are important to understand how the microprocessor fetches, decodes, and executes an
instruction.
- LDA 2050: The microprocessor fetches the instruction, decodes it, and accesses memory at address 2050
to load data into the accumulator.
- OUT FFh: Sends data from the accumulator to the output device at port address FFh.
5. 8085 Interrupt System
The 8085 has a robust interrupt system with five interrupt lines: TRAP, RST7.5, RST6.5, RST5.5, and INTR.
TRAP is a non-maskable interrupt, while the others can be masked or disabled.
- TRAP: Non-maskable, highest priority.
- INTR: General-purpose interrupt, can be enabled or disabled by the EI/DI instructions.
6. Sample Programs
- Program to calculate factorial of a number between 0 to 8:
MVI B, 08H ; Load number 8 into register B
MOV A, B ; Copy number to accumulator
LOOP: DCR B ; Decrement B
MUL A, B ; Multiply A by B
JNZ LOOP ; Repeat until B = 0
- Program to add two 8-bit numbers:
MVI A, 32H ; Load 32H into A
MVI B, 15H ; Load 15H into B
ADD B ; Add contents of B to A
