BA#01 HUMAN REPRODUCTION ZOOLOGY
Multiple Choice Type Questions:
1. Level of LH is maximum :-
(1) Just before fertilization (2) Just after ovulation
(3) At the time of ovulation (4) During fertilisation
Ans. 3
2. Fimbriae are associated with which organ:-
(1) Fallopian tube (2) Infundibulum (3) Vagina (4) Ovary
Ans. 2
3. The scrotum helps in maintaining a temperature .............. lower than the internal body temperature.
(1) 1 to 1.50C (2) 2 to 2.50C (3) 3 to 3.50C (4) 4 to 4.50C
Ans. 2
4. During human embryonic development the heart in the embryo is formed after
(1) 15 day of pregnancy (2) 15 day of pregnancy
(3) 30 day of pregnancy (4) 60 day of pregnancy
Ans. 3
5. Assertion (A) : Progesterone is required for maintenance of the endometrium.
Reason (R) : Enometrium is essential for implanation of embryo.
(1) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
(2) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
(3) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(4) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
Ans. 2
6. Assertion (A) : Human male ejaculates about 200 to 300 million sperms during coitus.
Reason (R) : Only few reach the isthmus ampullary junction for process of fertilisation.
(1) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
(2) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
(3) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(4) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
Ans. 1
Very Short Answer Type
7. Define spermiogenesis and spermiation.
Ans. (1) Spermiogenesis : The process of transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa in seminiferous tubules,
is called spermiogenesis.
(2) Spermiation : Sperm are finally released from the seminiferous tubules by the process called
spermiation.
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8. Draw a labelled diagram of sperm.
Ans.
Short Answer Type
9. Study the graph given below related with menstrual cycle in females.
a. Identify ovarian hormones X and Y mentioned in the graph and specify their source.
b. Correlate and describe the uterine events that take place according to the ovarian hormone levels
X and Y mentioned in the graph on
i. 6–15 days
ii. 16–25 days
iii. 26–28 days (when ovum is not fertilized)
Ans. a. X-Estrogen secreted by growing follicles.
Y-Progesterone secreted by corpus luteum.
b. Uterine events that takes place according to the ovarian hormone levels X and Y on.
(i) 6–15 days : Endometrium of the uterus regenerates by proliferation under the influence of esterogen.
(ii) 16–25 days : Under the influence of Progesterone the endometrium of the uterus is maintained for
implantation of fertilised ovum and other events of pregnancy.
(iii) 26–28 days (when ovum is not fertilised) : in the absence of fertilisation, corpus luteum degenerates which
causes disintegration of endometrium leading to menstruation, marking a new cycle.
10. The given diagram shows the sectional view of a seminiferous tubule of Human testis.
(i) Name and describe the depicted in the diagram which results in the development of spermatozoa.
(ii) Identify the cell where you are seeing a cluster of spermatozoa attached in the diagram. Write the function
of the cell.
Ans. (i) In testis, the immature male germ cells (spermatogonia) produce sperms by spermatogenesis that begins
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at puberty.
* The spermatogonia (sing, spermatogonium) present on the inside wall of seminiferous tubules multiply
by mitotic division and increase in numbers. Each spermatogonium is diploid and contains 46
chromosomes.
* Some of the spermatogonia called primary spermatocytes, periodically undergo meiosis. A primary
spermatocyte completes the first meiotic division (reduction division) leading to formation of two
equal, haploid cells called secondary spermatocytes, which have only 23 chromosomes each.
* The secondary spermatocytes undergo the second meiotic division to produce four equal, haploid
spermatids. The spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa (sperms) by the process called
spermiogenesis.
(ii) The cell where cluster of spermatozoa attached are sertoli cell.
Sertoli cells provide nutrition to the germ cells.
Long Answer Type
11. (i) Explain the following in the menstrual cycle of human female.
(1) Menstruation
(2) Follicular phase
(3) Luteal phase
(ii) A proper understanding of the menstrual cycle can help immensely in family planning. Do you agree
with the statement ? Provide reasons for your answer.
Ans. (i) (1) Menstrual phase : The cycle starts with the menstrual phase, when menstrual flow occurs and
it lasts for 3-5 days. The menstrual flow results due to breakdown of endometrial lining of the uterus
and its blood vessels which forms liquid that comes out through vagina. Menstruation only occurs if the
released ovum is not fertilised. Lack of menstruation may be indicative of pregnancy.
(2) Foillicular phase : The secretion of gonadotropins (LH and FSH) increases gradually during the follicular
phase, and stimulates follicular development as well as secretion of estrogens by the growing follicles.
Both LH and FSH attain a peak level in the middle of cycle (about 14th day)
(3) Secretory phase : The ovulation (ovulatory phase) is followed by the luteal phase during which the
remaining parts of the Graafian follicle transform as the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum secretes large
amounts of progesterone which is essential for maintenance of the endometrium.
(ii) Periodic abstinence is one such method in which the couples avoid or abstain from coitus from day 10
to 17 of the menstrual cycle when ovulation could be expected. As chances of fertilisation are very high
during this period, it is called the fertile period. Therefore, by abstaining from coitus during this period,
conception could be prevented.
Case-Study/Passage Based
12. A women of 35 years age with a married life of eight years and having normal reproductive cycles visits
a doctor along with her husband for consultation for infertility. They were not using any contraceptive
methods. They have no child. The doctor advises them after a detailed physical examination of both of
them to undergo following investigations:
- Seminal analysis of the husband.
- Follicular study of the wife.
- Blood test for follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) estimation for both
With your basic knowledge of human embryology and the case given above, answer following questions:
(i) Seminal analysis of the husband was done for determining
(i) Sperm morphology
(ii) Quantity and pH of semen
(iii) Rate of sperm release into the Vagina
(1) (i) only (2) (i) and (ii) (3) (ii) and (iii) (4) (ii) only
Ans. 3
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(ii) An ultrasound - guided follicular study was done for the wife for determining the size and physical
appearance of the
(1) Ovary (2) Oogonia (3) Antral follicles (4) Corpus Luteum
Ans. 3
(iii) The blood test report of the wife showed low FSH value, which is indicative of
(1) low rate of formation of ovarian follicles (2) high rate of formation of ovarian follicles
(3) low rate maturation of ovarian follicles (4) high rate of maturation of ovarian follicles
Ans. 1
(iv) In the above case if the husband is found to have sperm count of less than 20 million/mL and the wife
is diagnosed with blockage in the oviduct, the couple would be advised for:
(i) ZIFT (ii) AI (iii) IVF (iv) ICSI
(1) (i) and (iii) (2) (ii) and (iii) (3) (iii) and (iv) (4) (i) and (iv)
Ans. 1
