Inverse Trigonometric Function
Inverse Trigonometric Function
● Introduction
● Defining Inverse Trigonometric Function
● Composition of Trigonometric and its Inverse function
● Result-1: Inverse Trigonometric Function at “-x”
● Result-2: Inverse Trigonometric Function of complementary function
● Result-3: Inverse Trigonometric Function at “1/x”
● Inverse Trigonometric Function in terms of each other
● Result-4: Sum and Difference of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
● Summation of Series
● Simplification of Inverse Trigonometric Expression
Introduction
y = f(x)
4
2
1 2
f(1) = f(2) =
f -1(2) = f - 1(4) =
Defining inverse Trigonometric Functions
Defining inverse Trigonometric Functions
1. For , the function y = sin x is
bijective and hence have its inverse function.
Defining inverse Trigonometric Functions
1. For , the function y = sin x is
bijective and hence have its inverse function.
The new domain of sin x
i.e. is called principal domain of sin x.
Ex.
-1
Question!
Q Find the domain of :
(a) y = sin-1(x + 1)
(b)
Question!
Q Find the domain of :
(a) y = sin-1(x + 1)
Solution :
Given y = sin-1 (x + 1)
Here y will be defined if,
-1 ≤ x + 1 ≤ 1
-1 - 1 ≤ x ≤ 1 - 1
-2 ≤ x ≤ 0
x ∈ [-2, 0]
xx ≤
Question!
Q Find the domain of :
(b)
Solution :
Question!
Q Find range: y = sin-1 x; x ∈ [0, 1]
Solution :
For x ∈ [0, 1]
sin-1x gives values in
Question!
Q Find range: y = sin-1({x}); where { } is a fractional part function
D None
Question!
Q Find range: y = sin-1({x}); where { } is a fractional part function
D None
Solution :
Given, y = sin-1 ({x})
Here {x} is always positive and gives values between [0, 1)
Thus range of y = sin-1 ({x}) will be .
2. For cos x : [0, x] ➝ [-1, 1], the function y = cos x is
bijective and hence have its inverse function.
2. For cos x : [0, x] ➝ [-1, 1], we have its inverse function:
cos-1 x : [-1, 1] ➝ [0, x]
Principal domain of cos x is [0, 𝜋]
Recall
cos(𝜋 - θ) = -cos θ
Ex.
Question!
Q Find domain:
Solution :
Given,
As we know, gives range as [0, 1) for all values of ‘x’.
Thus, domain is R.
Question!
Q Find range: y = cos-1 (x) ; x ∈ [-1, 0]
Solution :
Given, y = cos-1(x)
For x ∈ [-1, 0]
As we know cos-1(-1) is π
And cos-1(0) is
Thus, range is
Question!
Q Find range: y = 2cos-1(x) + π; x ∈ (0, 1]
Solution :
Given, y = 2 cos-1(x) + π
For x ∈ (0, 1]
In (0, 1]
0 ≤ cos-1 x <
0 ≤ 2 cos-1x < π
π ≤ 2 cos-1 x + π < 2π
Range [π, 2π)
Question!
Q If cos-1 x1 + cos-1 x2 + cos-1 x3 = 3𝜋 then find x1 + x2 + x3.
Solution :
Given, cos-1 x1 + cos-1 x2 + cos-1 x3 = 3𝜋
As maximum value of cos-1 x is 𝜋.
So RHS is only possible when all are maximum and
for that x1 = x2 = x3 = -1
Thus x1 + x2 + x3 = -3
Question!
Q If sin-1 x + sin-1 y = 𝜋 and x = ky then 22k - 2k + 1 = ?
A 1
B 0
C 2
D None
Question!
Q If sin-1 x + sin-1 y = 𝜋 and x = ky then 22k - 2k + 1 = ?
A 1
B 0
C 2
D None
Solution : If sin-1x + sin-1y = 𝜋
As maximum value of sin-1 x and sin-1 y is .
Thus, it is only possible when
x=y=1
∵ x = Ky
⇒ 1 = K(1)
⇒K=1
Thus,
22K - 2K+1 = 22 - 21+1
= 22 - 22 = 0
Now let’s define tan-1 x
3. For we have
Now let’s define tan-1 x
3. For we have
Ex.
Question!
Q Find range: y = tan-1({x}); where { } is fractional part function
Solution :
Given, y = tan-1({x})
As 0 ≤ {x} ≤ 1
tan-1(0) ≤ tan-1{x} < tan-1(1)
Thus range
Question!
Q Find the range of
Solution :
Similarly, we have:
Similarly, we have:
4.
Ex.
cosec-1(2) =
cosec-1(-2)=
5.
Ex.
6. For cot x : (0, 𝜋) ➝ (-∞, ∞)
cot-1 x : (-∞, ∞) ➝ (0, 𝜋)
Ex.
cot-1(1) =
cot-1(-1) =
Remark
You can group sin-1 x, cosec-1 x, tan-1 x together and cos-1 x,
sec-1 x, cot-1 x together as far as outputs are concerned
corresponding to -ve inputs
Observation
We can easily draw graphs of inverse trigonometric
functions simply by reflecting graphs of trigonometric
function about y = x.
1. y = sin-1 x 2. y = tan-1x
Composition of Trigonometric and its
Inverse Function
Composition of Trigonometric and its
Inverse Function
1. sin(sin-1 x) = cos(cos-1 x) = --- = cot(cot-1 x) = x
∀ x ∈ domain. (i.e. its always true)
2. sin-1(sinx) = cos-1(cosx) =.... = cot-1(cot x) = x
only if x ∈ principal domain
Remark
Whenever trigonometric function is outside, never worry.
Question!
Q Evaluate:
Question!
Q Evaluate:
Solution :
Question!
Q Evaluate:
Solution :
Question!
Q Evaluate:
Solution :
Question!
Q Evaluate:
Solution :
Question!
Q Evaluate:
Solution :
Question!
Q Evaluate:
Solution :
Result 1: Inverse Trigonometric
Function at ‘-x’
Result 1: Inverse Trigonometric
Function at ‘-x’
sin-1(-x) = -sin-1 x cos-1(-x) = 𝜋 - cos-1 x
cosec-1(-x) = -cosec-1 x sec-1(-x) = 𝜋 - sec-1 x
tan-1(-x) = -tan-1 x cot-1(-x) = 𝜋 - cot-1 x
Question!
Q Evaluate:
(a) (b) cos-1(cos 10)
(c) cos-1(cos 9) (d) tan-1(tan(-6))
(e) cot-1(cot 4)
Question!
Q (a) Evaluate:
Solution :
Question!
Q (b) Evaluate: cos-1(cos 10)
Solution :
We know that cos-1(cos θ) = θ, if 0 ≤ θ ≤ 𝜋
Here, θ = 10 rad.
Clearly, it does not lie between 0 and 𝜋.
However, (4𝜋 - 10) lies between 0 and 𝜋 such that cos(4𝜋 - 10) = cos 10
⇒ cos-1(cos 10) = cos-1(cos(4𝜋 - 10)) = 4𝜋 - 10
Question!
Q (c) Evaluate: cos-1(cos 9)
Solution :
⇒
Question!
Q (d) Evaluate: tan-1(tan(-6))
Solution :
⇒
Question!
Q (e) Evaluate: cot -1(cot 4)
Solution :
Question!
Q If x = sin-1(sin 10) and y = cos-1(cos 10), then y - x is equal to
JEE Main 2019
A 7π
B 10
C 0
D π
Question!
Q If x = sin-1(sin 10) and y = cos-1(cos 10), then y - x is equal to
JEE Main 2019
A 7π
B 10
C 0
D π
Solution :
Graph of: y = sin-1 (sin x)
Graph of: y = cos-1 (cos x)
Y
𝜋/2
X
-2𝜋 -𝜋 -𝜋/2 0 𝜋/2 𝜋 2𝜋
Graph of: y = tan-1 (tan x)
X
-2𝜋 -3𝜋/2 -𝜋 -𝜋/2 0 𝜋/2 𝜋 3𝜋/2 2𝜋
-𝜋/2
Ex. Graph of : y = sin(sin-1 x)
