MCA MONTESSORI SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1

THE FACTORS AFFECTING TIME MANAGEMENT SKILLS OF GRADE 11

HOME ECONOMICS STUDENTS

A Research Paper Presented to the

Faculty of Senior High School of
MCA Montessori School

In partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject

Practical Research 1

by

11-MUSTARD

May 2024

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

CHAPTER 1 (THE PROBLEMAND ITS BACKGROUND)

- Introduction

- Theoretical Framework

- Conceptual Framework

- Statement of the Problem

- Scope and Delimitation

- Significance of the Study

- Definition of Terms

CHAPTER 2 (REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE)

- Synthesis

CHAPTER 3 (RESEARCH METHODOLOGY)

- Research Design

- Description of Respondents

- Data Gathering Procedure

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CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

Home Economics strand is one of the specialized subjects under the

Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) track. It offers various specializations in

agriculture, electronics, and food business and helps to guide and prepare you

for job-ready and practical skills that you need. Thus this strand requires an

effective time management skills to achieve a balance in maintaining your

academics, enhancing your practicality skills, and still have time for your

personal and social life.

The term “time management” became familiar in the 1950’s and 1960’s

as referring to a tool to help managers make better use of available time (S N

A M Razali1 , M S Rusiman1 , W S Gan1 ,N Abrin).Using your time wisely is

an important and critical skill one must learn. It is an ability that takes practice

and discipline making sure that you do not waste your time and do things

productively. The concept of time management comes from Frederick Winslow

Taylor for early analysis of motion and time studies of workers with purpose to

reduce unproductive work tasks and time-wasting (S N A M Razali1, M S

Rusiman1, W S Gan1, N Abrin).Unproductive work task and time wasting has

been common among high school and college students because instead of

doing their homework or assignments they engage in activities such as

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scrolling through social media, playing mobile games, watching movies and

series that causes them to lose track of time. Studies and articles have said

that these lead to poor time management skills and procrastination. However,

procrastination may not be the only cause of this phenomena to further

investigate this we conducted this paper to distinguish what are the factors

that affect students time management specifically among Grade 11 students in

the Home Economic strand.

The Home Economic strand requires an effective time management

skills as they not only need to focus on their academics but they also need to

improve their practicality skills. It does not only revolve around studying as

students also have to learn about food business, practicality and other

curricular activities that is related to home economics. The skills that they

learn is as important as their academics as they can use the skills they learned

and apply it in work. For these particular reasons finding out the factors that is

affecting the student’s ability to manage its time is crucial or important.

Making good use of time puts our lives in balance or helps us identify the

source of the imbalance (DEMIRDAĞ1, 2021). Maintaining, balance, having

control, and effectively use of time can help the students work easier and

reduce pending tasks.

This study aims to know and clarify what really are the factors that

affect the students time management specifically grade 11 home economics

strand and what is the reason why this factor affected them to waste their time.

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To further investigate this, we will conduct a survey and interview with our

respondents specifically chosen and only limited to grade 11 students in the

home economics strand and analyze each of their answers objectively. The

findings we expect are the factors that affect the students time management

skills and the reason why it affects them and these results can inform and

clarify the students as to what really is the cause of their poor and ineffective

time management skills.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A visual metaphor for deciding what is and is not useful is the pickle jar theory.

It aids in helping you prioritize your daily activities and schedule your time so

that you have extra time rather than not enough hours in the day, reduce the

unimportant so as not to waste time on important tasks (Jeremy Wright). Self-

Determination Theory states that both internal and external factors can

motivate people. This article directly focused on the effects of time

management on work-life and study-life balance Students who have an innate

desire to excel academically may be better at managing their time so they can

prioritize their work and study more productively. On the other hand, people

who lack motivation could have trouble delaying and managing their time

poorly (Edward L. Deci, Richard M. Ryan, 2015). According to the Technology

Acceptance Model, people's perceptions of the utility and usability of

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technology have an impact on their adoption and use of it. Technology can

help students manage their time more effectively or cause problems. While

excessive use of social media and entertainment can undermine time

management skills, effective use of productivity tools and educational

resources can improve them (Neil Charness, Walter R. Boot). This research

mainly aims to verify the key factors that can affect learning management

systems. According to George Acquah Out (2018) the main reason that the

some of student is sometimes difficult to manage their time is because they

are involved in dating and engaging in parties. students’ struggles with time

management can also be attributed to other factors like mental issue such as

Anxiety disorder because of that they struggle with their schoolwork so they

struggle to balance their time (MAA Strydom, PJ Pretorius, G Joubert, 2012),

psychometric is one of the main reasons (Rafael, Francisco, and Eugenia).

Difficulties are those that give problems to students so they get stuck at work,

students also experience problems outside of school and others are too busy

and they maximize the time they have to work while studying or called

“Working students” (Nico Accion, 2019) Being a working student is difficult

because you need to give 100% to your work and at the same time to your

studies, mental and physical fatigue becomes an obstacle, so the situation is

difficult for Grade 11 students (Coral 2020). We spend our time on important,

less important, and unimportant things everyday.

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

In this study we will focus on determining the factors that affect the

students time management skills in Grade 11 Home Economics Strand. By

doing so we will be able to identify the factors that affect these phenomena.

The researchers will then conduct a survey and interview on the selected

respondents specifically chosen from the Grade 11 Home Economics strand.

The responses of the subjects/respondents will then be carefully analyzed and

sorted to complete the data/information/statement.

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Figure 1. Research Paradigm

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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to explain the Factors Affecting Time Management

Skills of Grade 11 Home Economics students to assess awareness and use

time management strategies to plan and manage daily life tasks. Specifically,

the study aims to identify the same factors that influence students' ability to

effectively manage their time, such as personal habits, academic workload,

extracurricular activities, family responsibilities, and technological distractions.

1. What are the factors that affect student’s time management?

2. As a home economic student, how crucial is time management?

3.Why is it important to have an effective use of time for students to achieve

their goals?

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The aim of the current research is to determine the factors that affect

time management skills of the Grade 11 Home Economics students at MCA

Montessori School. The study will focus on how Grade 11 students can

manage their time as a Home Economic student. The fear of not being able to

finish assigned tasks within the stipulated timeframes is a common concern

among learners. Our study aims to find out what these factors are whether it

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may be positive nor negative. Time management is a vital component for MCA

students and serves as a fundamental for achieving superior academic

success.

This study focuses on the factors that influence time management

skills among Grade 11 Students at MCA Montessori School during the

academic year 2023-2024. The researchers aimed to give recommendations

lessen the factors affecting time management of students such as allocating

dedicated study time setting achievable goals and minimizing time wasted on

productive activities. The study will only focus on the factors that may possibly

affect the students time management in a good or bad way. Managing time has

been shown to have a major influence on academic performances. Students

can improve their time management skills by knowing what is the cause of it

which is the one that is discussed in this paper.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will benefit the following people:

Students: This study will benefit the students by helping them develop time

management skills, along with other vital abilities such as leadership, manners,

respect for diversity, integrity, and soft skills.

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Teachers: Teachers can use the findings of the study to understand and the

challenges faced by students in managing their time and develop strategies to

help them improve their time management skill

Parents: Through this study the parents will know if their son/daughter is be

able to manage their time effectively. Parents can help by teaching their

children time management techniques, such as creating to-do lists, setting

priorities, and using time-saving strategies.

Administrators: School Administrator can use this study findings to develop

time management strategies such as delegation of authorities, setting clear

priorities, and managing distractors.

Future Researchers: Through this study, future researchers will help them

determine that effective time management is crucial for academic success and

personal well-being, particularly among Grade 11 Home Economics students

who juggle various academic and non-academic responsibilities.

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DEFINITION OF TERMS

Critical Skill – an ability to manage time critically and an important behavior to

develop to master time management.

Factors – an experience or situation that may affect the student’s productivity.

Home economics - study that provides a variety of specialization that teach for

livelihood.

Job-Ready Skills – ability that is developed through experiences.

Phenomena - an event or happening.

Practical Skills – an ability that is learned through your family and peers

influence.

Procrastination – according to Merriam Webster dictionary” to put off

intentionally the doing of something that should be done.

Specialized Subject – subject focused on a certain major (ex. Home

Economics – Cookery).

Stipulated Timeframe - refer to a predetermined time that was planned to do a

task.

Time Management - a method of arranging time for set learning and task.

in that certain period.

Time Wasting- not using time efficiently or doing unnecessary works instead of

the important ones.

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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY

This chapter presents related literatures both local and foreign. This will also

present the synthesis and evaluation of the studies. This chapter will help in

familiarizing information that are relevant and similar to the present study.

SYNTHESIS

Time management has a ton of definitions according to literatures and

articles. Time is a priceless resource and continues to pass by without coming

back (Razali et al., 2018). In this chapter we will be discussing related studies

through articles and journals that is related to our research.

Time cannot be purchased, change, or stored. Individuals can easily succeed

in life if they manage their time effectively and recognize the importance of

efficient planning (Yoseph, 2022). This thesis also showed significant

similarities in our study as it also discussed about the factors affecting time

management of undergraduate students. The result showed that 2 of the main

problems that is the cause of poor time management are transportation due to

traffic and students will be late causing this to stress them out and lose track of

their time. Another factor is the social media addiction students spend most of

their time scrolling through websites and chatting with their friends which

caused them to procrastinate.Procrastination has been proven to be common

among all levels of education from adults to students and even at work. The

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idea of procrastination is that believing that they can finish a certain task in a

short amount of time or hours before the deadline. With students having control

of their time, although is guided by a checklist, they tend to somehow fail in

following their constructed “to-do-list” due to factors including weakening of

focus and distraction from external environment (Paguio, 2018).The factors that

strongly affect the study habits of Grade 11 students are home environment,

peer pressure and social media addiction, work and financial instability and

family stress (Salcedo, 2019).These are the external factors that influenced

and affect students time management. These results showed that the external

factors greatly contributed to the poor time management skills of the students.

They tend to think a lot about what other people think and how other people will

see them as a person thus causing this for student to be greatly affected by the

external factors.Students need to make use of the time well to follow the study

programs, get ready for exams in a systematic way, participate various

extracurricular courses, and for other social activities (Gayef, Tapan, Sur,

2017).In conclusion to their study they stated that students should manage

their time wisely and increase their awareness of time by planning and thinking

thoroughly prioritizing the task that needs to be done. By planning and using

time wisely students academics will also be affected in either good or bad way.

Time management is very important for student's performances and

achievements. It is a skill that enables students to use their time productively

and efficiently (Briones et al., 2019) The study found out that students who

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have poor time management always have difficulty of finishing their task by

continually postponing it greatly affecting their academic performance. On the

other hand it also showed that individual factors such as students attending

academic-related activities, always present and active in classes often get

good marks.The students’ performance is purely based on their efforts and on

their own self-management. However, it cannot be agreed that the wastage of

time on various things will not hinder their studies. Thus, it becomes the

responsibility of the students to manage their time, for which they should make

their own plans (Alani et al., 2020).This result showed that poor time

management could affect the students academic. A study from Bato National

High School in Cebu City in the paper they stated that working students while

doing their academic activities specifically math they can moderately practice

time management while solving problems as given the nature of subjects like

math they need to solve the problem by the given time of the teacher. A similar

foreign article also stated about the impact of time management to students

academic achievement. According to the results and conclusion time

management behaviors were significantly related to academic achievements of

the student (S N A M Razali et al., 2018). These study can be also related to

the study of (Alyami et al., 2021) titled Impact of Time-Management on the

Student’s Academic Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study they concluded

that students who plan and manage their time get high grades and a

satisfactory academic performance while those who do not manage and waste

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their time getting distracted by external factors tend to have average or failing

grade.Furthermore a local study from Bestlink College of the Philippines also

conducted a research about the connection of time management to academic

achievement and what factors and solution do we need for students to manage

their time .The result stated that subsequent discussions forwarded by the two

groups of respondents are as follows: attendance classes, do the most

important task first, and do the task as early as possible (Cabales et al.,

2020).These are the individual factors which students must follow in order to

establish a good time management and avoid time wasting.This paper has

reviewed literatures related to factors affecting time management, identifying

what those factors are, and time management and its relation to the students

academic performance. What emerged from the evaluation of the literatures

are the factors that affect the students time management either these are

internal or external factors studies also showed the connection between time

management and academic performance of students. While the studies

showed various similarities among the results which showed the positive

connection of academic performance to academic achievement of student and

the external factors that affect the students further research could be

conducted to investigate possible external factors among high school students

in specific strand and further explanation to help students understand and let

them be aware of what factors affect their time management and what can be

the best possible solution to those problems.

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CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

The approach we used is qualitative research specifically a phenomenology

study. We used qualitative approach in our study to determine the factors that

affects the students time management. This method can help us delve deeper

and understand these factors as we further do the research. It can also help us

explain our findings in a precise and detailed manner. The use of

phenomenology research will help us to determine the common factors that

affect the students time management.

DESCRIPTION OF RESPONDENTS

The respondents for our study are Grade 11 Home Economics students from

MCA Montessori School. We used a non-probability sampling method called

convenience sampling wherein we select students that are available and

accessible for us. This method helps us save time and also for the respondents

as we only select students that are free and available for our respondents, it is

also the most appropriate method as HE students have conflicting schedule

with classes.

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DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

The researchers will conduct an interview and a written questionnaire survey.

By using interview we can ask a follow up questions and details that might

helps create a precise description and evaluation of our study. Along with

interview we are also using a written survey filed with open-ended questions to

gather more data. With these two data gathering procedure we can evaluate a

detailed and precise findings that might answer our question.

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CHAPTER 4

PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION, AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

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CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATION

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