Course Title: Introduction to Emerging Technologies

Credit Hour: 3 hrs.

Bedasa Wayessa
bedonaf@[Link]

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 Classroom Rules
• Late comer will only tolerated for the first 5 minutes of every class
• Talk to me and Not to each other
• Do not sleep
• Do not use phones
• Fail to obey the Classroom rule  face 2  3 class ban

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 Assignment Submission
 Guidelines for submission will be provided with every assignment
 Re-grade requests will ONLY be entertained within one week after
the assignments have been handed back to students or assignment due
date
 IMPORTANT: Late submissions are allowed ONLY until 1 day following
the deadline, with 10% marks deduction.
 IMPORTANT: Late + Copy = ZERO Marking

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 QUIZZES
• Quizzes will NOT be announced
• Re-grade requests will only be entertained within one week after the
marked quizzes have been handed back to students [with tangible and
acceptable reason only]

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 Course Description
 This course will enable students to explore current breakthrough
technologies in the areas of
– Artificial Intelligence,
– Internet of Things and
– Augmented Reality that have emerged over the past few years.
 Besides helping learners become literate in emerging technologies, the
course will prepare them to use technology in their respective
professional preparations.

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 Course Objectives
 Up on the completion of this course students will be able to:
– Identify different emerging technologies
– Differentiate different emerging technologies
– Select appropriate technology and tools for a given task
– Identify necessary inputs for application of emerging technologies

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 Chapters
• Chapter 1: Introduction to Emerging Technologies
– Evolution of Technologies
• Introduction to Industrial revolution (IR)
• Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0)
• Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
– Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
– Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices)
– Human to Machine Interaction
– Future Trends in Emerging Technologies

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 Chapters
• Chapter 2: Introduction to Data Science
– Overview for Data Science
• Definition of data and information
• Data types and representation
– Data Value Chain
• Data Acquisition
• Data Analysis
• Data Curating
• Data Storage
• Data Usage
– Basic concepts of Big data

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 Chapters
• Chapter 3: Artificial Intelligence (AI)
– Introduction to AI
• What is AI
• History of AI
• Levels of AI
• Types of AI
– Applications of AI
• Agriculture
• Health
• Business (Emerging market)
• Education
– AI tools and platforms (e.g.: scratch/object tracking)
– Sample application with hands on activity (simulation based)

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 Chapters
• Chapter 4: Internet of Things (IoT)
– Overview of IoT
• What is IoT?
• History of IoT
• Advantage of IoT
– How IoT Works
• Architecture of IoT
• Device and Network
– IOT tools and platforms
• (e.g.: KAA IoT /Device Hive/Zetta/Things Board…)
– Sample application with hands on activity
• (e.g. IOT based smart farming)
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 Chapters
• Chapter 5: Augmented Reality(AR)
– Introduction to AR
– Virtual reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) vs mixed reality (MR)
– Architecture of AR systems.
– Application of AR systems (education, medical, assistance,
entertainment) workshop-oriented hands demo

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 Chapters
• Chapter 6: Ethics and professionalism of emerging technologies
– Technology and ethics
– Digital privacy
– Accountability and trust
– Treats and challenges

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 Chapters
• Chapter 7: Other Emerging Technologies
– Nanotechnology
– Biotechnology
– Blockchain technology
– Cloud and quantum computing
– Autonomic computing
– Computer vision
– Embed systems
– Cyber security
– Additive manufacturing (3D Printing)

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 Chapter One

Introduction to Emerging Technology

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Outlines
• Introduction to Emerging Technologies
– Evolution of Technologies
• Introduction to Industrial revolution (IR)
• Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0)
• Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
– Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
– Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices)
– Human to Machine Interaction
– Future Trends in Emerging Technologies

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 Activity
 Define emerging technologies?
 Define Technology and Evolution in the context of your prior knowledge
and compare it with the discussion given below?

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 Emerging Technologies
• Emerging technology refers to new or ongoing developments in
various fields, such as media, business, science, or education.
• It is expected to create significant social or economic effects and is
part of the theory of technological evolution.
• The term refers to technologies that are currently being developed
or expected to be available within the next five to ten years.
• Technological evolution is a theory of radical transformation of
society through technological development.

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 Emerging Technologies
• What is the root word of technology and evolution?
• Technology:
– The word technology originated from the Greek word tekhnologia,
• which means “systematic treatment of an art, craft, or technique”
– The term was first used in the 1610s to refer to a “discourse or
treatise on an art or the arts”.
– It was later used to describe the “science of the mechanical and
industrial arts” in 1859.
• Evolution:
– evolution means the process of developing by gradual changes.
• It comes from Latin evolutio, "an unrolling or opening”.

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 Emerging Technologies
 Currently available emerged technologies
– Artificial Intelligence(AI): Computer systems that can do smart things.
– Blockchain: decentralized and distributed ledger technology …
– Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality:
• enhance or alter the real-world env’t
– Cloud Computing: Using someone else's computer over the internet.
– Angular and React: Tools for making websites more interactive.
– DevOps: combine software development (Dev) and IT operations (Ops)…
– Internet of Things (IoT): Everyday things connected to the internet.
– Intelligent Apps (I-Apps): Apps that learn and adapt to you.
– Big Data: Lots of information, analyzed for insights.
– Robotic Processor Automation (RPA):Robots doing repetitive tasks.
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 Evolution of Technologies
 We can see revolution is a radical and profound change in economic
relationships and technological conditions.
 Hence, Revolution of Technology which has brought about radical and
profound change in human way of life may be divided into four:
1. Agricultural revolution (1st revolution),
2. Industrial revolution (2nd revolution),
3. Information revolution (3rd revolution), and
4. Knowledge revolution (4th revolution) that will come in the future.
• Is also called smart revolution because it will be brought about
by smart society using new knowledge in the fields of ICT, AI,
etc.

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 Evolution of Technologies
 Agriculture Revolution
– Agriculture revolution was started from 1600.
– Prior to this period humans were going from place to place in
search of food.
– They lived by hunting and collecting fruits and vegetables.
– This life style continued till first agriculture revolution.
– Where by they settled at one place and started cultivating land and
planting crops.

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 Evolution of Technologies
 Agriculture Revolution
• Timeline of the Agricultural Revolution
– The first agricultural revolution transitioned from hunting-
and-gathering to stationary farming, utilizing simple metal tools.
– The second revolution, a part of the Industrial Revolution,
introduced mass crop technology, seed drills, fertilizers, and
artificial feed.
– The third revolution, the green revolution, focused on efficient
farming due to the growing awareness of the Earth's inability to
regenerate.
– The fourth revolution, AI and ICT, is transforming agriculture
by analyzing and adjusting humidity and temperature without
weather conditions.
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 Evolution of Technologies
 Industrial Revolution (IR)
– A period of major industrialization and innovation that took place
during the late 1700s and early 1800s.
– Occurs when a society shifts from using tools to make products to
use new sources of energy, such as coal, to power machines in
factories.
– The IR was a time when the manufacturing of goods moved from
small shops and homes to large factories.
– This shift brought about changes in culture as people moved from
rural areas to big cities in order to work.
– The revolution started in England, with a series of innovations to
make labor more efficient and productive.

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 Evolution of Technologies
 Industrial Revolution (IR)
– The American IR , commonly referred to as the 2nd IR , started sometime
between 1820 and 1870.
– The impact of changing the way items were manufactured had a wide reach.
– Industries such as textile manufacturing, mining, glass making, and agriculture
all underwent changes.
– For example, prior to the IR , textiles were primarily made of wool and
were handspun.
– From the first IR (mechanization through water and steam power) to the
mass production and assembly lines using electricity in the second, the fourth
IR will take what was started in the third with the adoption of computers
and automation and enhance it with smart and autonomous systems fueled
by data and machine learning.

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 Evolution of Technologies
• Industrial Revolution (IR)
• Generally, the following industrial revolutions fundamentally changed
and transfer the world around us into modern society.
 The steam engine,
 The age of science and mass production, and
 The rise of digital technology
 Smart and autonomous systems fueled by data and machine learning.

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 Evolution of Technologies
• Activity 1.3: What are the most important inventions of
industrial revolutions?
• ANS:
 The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution are:
 Transportation:
• The Steam Engine, The Railroad, The Diesel Engine, The Airplane.
 Communication:
• The Telegraph. The Transatlantic Cable. The Phonograph. The
Telephone.
 Industry:
• The Cotton Gin. The Sewing Machine. Electric Lights.

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 Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0)
• The IR began in Great Britain in the late 1770s before spreading to
the rest of Europe.
• The first European countries to be industrialized after England were
Belgium, France, and the German states.
• The final cause of the Industrial Revolution was the effects created
by the Agricultural Revolution.
• The IR began in Britain in the 18th century increases food production,
which was the key outcome of the Agricultural Revolution.

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 Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0)
 The four types of industries are:
 The primary industry involves getting raw materials
e.g. mining, farming, and fishing.
 The secondary industry involves manufacturing
e.g. making cars and steel.
 Tertiary industries provide a service
 e.g. teaching and nursing.
 The quaternary industry involves research and development
industries
e.g. IT.

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 Industrial Revolution (IR 1.0)
• The IR is described as a transition to new manufacturing processes.
• IR was first coined in the 1760s, during the time where this revolution
began.
• The transitions in the first IR included:
– Going from hand production methods to machines.
– The increasing use of steam power,
– The development of machine tools and
– The rise of the factory system.

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Industrial Revolution (IR 1.0)

steam engine

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 Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0)
• The IR 2, also known as Technological Revolution.
• Began somewhere in the 1870s.
• The advancements in IR 2.0 included:
– The development of methods for manufacturing interchangeable
parts and
– Widespread adoption of pre-existing technological systems such as
telegraph and railroad networks.
– This adoption allowed the vast movement of people and ideas,
enhancing communication.
– Moreover, new technological systems were introduced, such as
electrical power and telephones.

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Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0)

Electricity transmission line

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 Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0)
• The Third Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0) marked the transition
from mechanical and analog to digital electronics, a shift known
as the "Digital Revolution."
• This revolution, which began in the late 1950s, was characterized by
mass production and widespread use of digital logic circuits,
including computers, handphones, and the Internet.
• These technological innovations transformed traditional production
and business techniques, enabling communication without physical
presence.
• Some practices from IR 3.0 continue to be practiced today.

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Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0)

High Tech Electronics

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 Information Revolution
• The information revolution, which began in 1922, revolutionized the
way information was stored and manipulated on computer networks,
enabling instant retrieval and high-speed storage.
• This revolution was driven by three factors:
– the growth of information-based occupations,
– the widespread use of cheap personal computers with user-friendly
operating systems, and
– the advent of the internet in the early 1990s.
• The information revolution impacted both business and personal life,
allowing quick connections between personal and business networks.
• However, concerns over privacy and security persist.
• The information revolution is still in its early stages, but it is expected to
have a greater impact in various spheres of life, particularly in the 4th
industrial revolution with AI and biotechnology.

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 Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)
• Advancements in various technologies such as:
 robotics, (IoT),
 additive manufacturing and cyber-physical systems
 autonomous vehicles
• A cyber-physical system is a mechanism that is controlled or
monitored by computer-based algorithms, tightly integrated with the
Internet and its users.
• Another major breakthrough that is associated with IR 4.0 is the
adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI), where we can see it being
implemented into our smartphones.
• AI is also one of the main elements that give life to Autonomous Vehicles
and Automated Robots.

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Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)

Anybody Connected device (ABCD)

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 Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
• We are living in the age of big data.
• Data is considered the new oil and strategic asset, driving the future of
science, technology, and the economy.
• It presents challenges but also offers innovation and economic
opportunities.
• Data science and analytics have the potential to enable data-driven
theory, economy, and professional development.
• This includes core disciplines like computing, informatics, and statistics, as
well as broad-based fields like business, social science, and health/medical
science.
• The potential of data is reshaping and paradigm-shifting, driving
innovation and economic opportunities.

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 Programmable Devices
 In the world of digital electronic systems, there are four basic kinds of
devices: memory, microprocessors, logic, and networks.
 Memory:- store random information
 Microprocessors:- execute software instructions to perform a wide
variety of tasks.
 Logic:- provide specific functions, including device-to-device interfacing,
data communication, signal processing, data display, timing and control
operations, and almost every other function a system must perform.
 Networks:- a collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network
devices, peripherals, or other devices connected to one another to allow
the sharing of data.
• An excellent example of a network is the Internet, which connects
millions of people all over the world
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 Programmable Devices
• Programmable devices usually refer to chips that incorporate field
programmable logic devices (FPGAs), complex programmable logic
devices (CPLD) and programmable logic devices (PLD).

programmable device
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 Programmable Devices
• Why is a computer referred to as a programmable device?
ANS
 Because what makes a computer a computer is that it follows a set of
instructions.
 Many electronic devices are computers that perform only one
operation, but they are still following instructions that reside
permanently in the unit.

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 Programmable Devices
 List of some programmable devices
 Achronix Speedster SPD60
 Actel’s
 Altera Stratix IV GT and Arria II GX
 Atmel’s AT91CAP7L
 Cypress Semiconductor’s programmable system-on-chip (PSoC) family
 Lattice Semiconductor’s ECP3
 Lime Microsystems’ LMS6002
 Silicon Blue Technologies
 Xilinx Virtex 6 and Spartan 6
 Xmos Semiconductor L series

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 Computer Networks
• Computer networks are a set of computers that share resources
located on or provided by network nodes.
• The nodes of a computer network can include PC, servers, networking
hardware, or other specialized or general-purpose hosts.
• Computer networks play a crucial role in globalization, as the world
evolves towards everything connecting through Information Technology.
• The rise of Information Technology is significantly influenced by
network and data communication, as advancements extend beyond
gadgets to the entire system.
• Networking started long ago by ARPANET.
• When Russia launched their SPUTNIK Satellite in Space in 1957.

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 Computer networks
• The American started an agency named Advance Research Project
Agency (ARPA) and launched their 1st satellite within 18 month after
establishment.
• Then sharing of the information in another computer they use ARPANET.
• Then in 1969, ARPANET comes in INDIA and INDIAN switched this
name to NETWORK.
• Security is crucial in the networking world as it prevents hacking and
alteration of information.
• Organizations use firewalls to prevent hacking.
• Today, various security measures are available.
• The networking industry has evolved significantly since the late 1980s,
with hardware and software upgrades and changes.
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 Computer Networks
• A full range of network-related equipment referred to as Service
Enabling Devices (SEDs), which can include:
– Traditional channel service unit (CSU) and data service unit (DSU)
– Modems
– Routers
– Switches
– Conferencing equipment
– Network appliances (NIDs and SIDs)
– Hosting equipment and servers

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 Human to Machine Interaction
• Refers to the communication and interaction between a human
and a machine via a user interface.
• Nowadays, natural user interfaces such as gestures have gained
increasing attention as they allow humans to control machines
through natural and intuitive behaviors.
• HCI (human-computer interaction) is the study of how people
interact with computers and to what extent computers are or are
not developed for successful interaction with human beings.
• HCI consists of three parts:
– the user, the computer itself, and
– the ways they work together.
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 Human to Machine Interaction
• How do users interact with computers?
 The user interacts directly with hardware for the human input and
output such as displays, e.g. through a graphical user interface.
 The user interacts with the computer over the software interface
using the given input and output (I/O) hardware.
• How important is human-computer interaction?
 The goal of HCI is to improve the interaction between users and
computers by making computers more user-friendly and receptive to
the user's needs.

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 Human to Machine Interaction
 Disciplines Contributing to Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)
 Cognitive psychology: Limitations, information processing,
performance prediction, cooperative working, and capabilities.
 Computer science: Including graphics, technology, prototyping
tools, user interface management systems.
 Linguistics.
 Engineering and design.
 Artificial intelligence.
 Human factors.

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 Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
 Emerging technology trends in 2019
 5G Networks
 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
 Autonomous Devices
 Blockchain
 Augmented Analytics
 Digital Twins
 Enhanced Edge Computing and
 Immersive Experiences in Smart Spaces

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Chapter One Review Questions

Reading Assignment

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 End of Chapter 1

Next: Introduction to Data Science

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