* CocONO

* Functton Acoint analysie

An alngoás estirotion

k usé cose Points

|Part -B
Assignmert -O2 [s/4/23]
Crcete the mainn valle thet tha Scale
fa.cter Can bave, give that thesco pive
|exporet doives and tte macimum retir
fort an ind'idual dven is fcve

The maci mum Value that the Seale factor

Can have is 55

This is becase Lhe Scale factor i s t e

Prodct of tte reatirgs of tha fere exporent
drve
TFe macimum TiaLeng fort indi veal
dive is 5, So ha maimum Produet
of the riabtngs is 55.

T the ratcgs the peve Qxporeret

druves 5, 5, 5, 5 and 5, then Ehe

woud be
Seale Pactor
S3I25
rrote that the cale
Tt inportant
Clso be Luas than 55
factor Can
 tha tatengs or feve xporunt deves
then

woLd
Wacton be

Tha Seale faceor iS

puch the oruginal que
rtedu cad.

oruginal Pugera
of retings fo fva exPO rent dives

The Scale aetor

is erlarged, and iE is as
Orceginal fegue
is reduud.
than

Forumlare the COtimates done and OxDlain

) Orer and undu Stinet
Ehe PrrobLens
exaple end explain
+es. Develop Yowt Own

vaio Ls CorteES, Such

ESttates
Proj act managementr finan cial pLarrring,D
Predietcor or QPProx
OEh er
ea arce
ary Or oUeCom
matcors
een be dor s g deperent
which an Lead to o¯eeesttmate
methos

>Over asEtnres:
Ove tcmates
Vae higen thantea Qctel

when the Or

Prejec area
reedad Th1S can Lead to Seveca Prote
 ResoutcC eSallbcation.
Overresttm ateng peeso unce 7ceal rerers
Can In allbcateng

Lban re

"Thie can be Le
7e30Ce
Could bo betten wtezed elsewberce
CoSt Overns:

"OvecOstmatig PrcojeCt CoS Can Load to

|budge oret uns, Potertally was teng enancal
that Cold bare beon ed
eepeccenty
Nissed Opportturweies :
Aee JtOQLlred Por
Prej act ay missed OPPOr turitie,
Or COmPe e r e

Escample :
Thmogire Soptware doveloprrernt projece
whece egtmaed to CompleLe
feace is Overes
bmaLed Tho Proj ect
|manag er locases Sic morbh to Cmplete
|Ee task but in
thee
rzeaity i ory bae es
morths. ThiS
ONeotemation Leacs to
ineffccenres missaol
7eleay e and
CosEy.
 nderesecmates

QctLal
-ed Vallue8 lowfhan
value he
Insufeiac ert
Projeck 7his Can aso have Sererol
rgatve Corseainces

hedle delays :
" ndtres tim atig tre time teeded
|Project con Lead to Schadule dolay 81
Casinq f'us tarcon amorg Sbaueholddws and
Potartally miSSerg IMPOrLant deadlCno
ResoUce Shortagy:
unttmattrg tusonce gcearerts
mauy ce3t Shorttag e
Leading to ineffeciency and
Subpar Project OltECOmeS.

Quality Isus
" Rushing Preje ct duue to lnescenatier
Can Lead to
CompromiSed aualet Qnd a
highet t'eeihood of ervors or defeces.
Eeample i
Corslen CorsETuctiOn Preoje ce whece
|the esttmated budget is sigrepcarty
|Lowe thn the actual Cost AS a reslt,
EFe Projact facas olelays, QuLality iss ey
pens cs, causng diss atsf
-actton among Btavaholdens
 Assignmenk Ne 08

Censile Sofeuue Preoject with B tosKS

to Ts Dwateon f
79 and Ti Can Sar
8.2, 3. 5.2 7eespecee vely
i's Cemple© When
When
Can garet tohan both
75
Qrca ComLOte Drtau tha
and Tu
LepcedertatOn

the the
CreltCcal path ?

Aceivi ty Task Precodenca

T9

Tg 3 T9

T5 2

nodde.

=Ace vity Lab elling :

Ealwest
Easutcst
Start Dureabion Fincsb

AcLV0 ty Label /descreepten

Latest
Stat FloaL
finsh
|Step l:(Preecedenca nstUoK)
Pree cedence

idarePy mutpla depencles

ENpes bew cen Bteps in a Projett
t Tt is

Prreject Sehecule
that
bores /odes to recPes ernt cttvities

Start T

Btep-2 :(Fortwaed pass)

* Forrard Pass is e techniQLe to
Porwand th ough diagam to ealeulate
destoation

* Eary Stat (ES) and Eany ferish lEF)

lorewadpos techni e

32S 63e

313 S2
Sta-t end

3518
 Step- 9:(BacKward pass)
Pass tcchniaus bo nove
* Bacbard
bacuurcd thrcugh a diagam
Hhe activity
(LF)
* Late Stat (Ls) and Late finSh
Hhe bacu wad Pass echniu

T2

Start

Tu

valua)
Step 4 (calceuake
dpfercnta betuwen
tFloat is the
and Latet S e r e
Eauiest StaE
dpfercnco &etuwen Eariest

and Lates insSh

Fleet = ES -LS

Er-LF

Fler

Stant

Cutical- path:
(or)
8tarrtT TE en
Fle ak time of tase Ty = ON.

Drau the accvity and find the

te'me Latet Lme
actvi ky whth o path i3 a crcttcal
Path ?
Acvity Dwation Preceolere

B
D L4 A,c
6

3
D,E

ACuviby
Actviy Label
Event

Eartu avest
Start Stat
SLocu
value

Step -|? Lrtialize Pe cedence retOrK

Preacedence dagream is G Sceeun

bool Lsed to identiby mLtcpe epen deny
betwen 8tep ën a project
method f corskzcLetirg
oiagram.

D4

dummy
activt
SLOUIt
B=|
SEep 2:(Forvard pass)
* Forw@rd Pass 1S a tcchrieuo to move
aiaqran bo Caleulapc
forcw asd theough
acttvity desee2aton

and

Stant

Step 3:Bacu wac pasS

D=U

ldo
Start

Pass s techle

baeDrd thrcetgh a
7Loach actvty soucce
Stcp 4:Slack Vale
BLac VaLe caleulated LSeg,
8La = Lacot Ssaxt arlLey t Start
F=3

d
Stant
 Critical Path:
Stat A DFend
Cor)

Daw a diagram 7epyentung tha

|Pollo wing Logic As the prcoject 3eatS)
acttit'es A and B can be Per Pome
Conco enty- wheo A i3 fenished, act
VIittes
Cand D aan Sart. whon B i3firiud, activitieg
E and F Can Strt Co hen D end E ao frishacl
RCtiviy G Can Storct The p7oect S Copluc
When actv tey

Activiy Dration Prcec ddence

A

E B

G D,E

*Activ'ey
rodo
graphial 7ePTent

ation Eechnaw Used tn Pach

method (cpH) for Project manogerona.
*ach rode eprsent
the Proj ect, and
activity io wbich tha
tndicata ths Seuence
 be Petpormedl
Aevity Lobeuugi
EanliesE
Dutaton
Jeash
Activity Label es triptic
Jatcst LaLcst
Stet

AS Per the
gven logic,
The Pecederce reOrK:

Start

EK E
lectuLal cep res ertation :

and 8 can be per Porened

2Acivttes A
Concuverty

B ectivites
3-when A is piished

4.when B is
Start
5. When D ndE G firi's had, activiby G Ca
tart
"D’G

6. The Pro) ect s coplLe

CF Gt firushc:

Activity
ActviEy Lab ellig
event
mbe
Lateyt
Eaute Stant

AS per
the girer logic,
Prceeden ae ebwork.
The

SEatt

EK

* In +his diegcom.
th acteviby and
dependena'es between Ehem
thh
 T5eeae type

sh ’gtat>Firsh
clependenues
beEween
ctii
four
- to- -
to type
-Fiu'shsEat
of
dopeterce;
 Assignent No'o4
OrBelow ae he oetails of a poj llt Al ames au
in clay5
A(tiiy Dupend o optmst fm sost ulay t 6si'm stn
A ESt
20
B A
C B
(2

Dic
Using he attviy a e above:
(a\uta o e 2p et 0d duratn and stanclat
*
oeviarin cach attiirg
loentify tho (iti (ol path arging entica
art \iy oiagram
projet
pah Chain pincs gor th¥ buffe niln needl
>locate Ahe plOs AathtYe

>ASS ess he sì Ze of h btfU

TD (aluiat the epectad oluratiin and staodo

and R cath aetviy, you (an e Ahe
|evioton
3-oint eskimaron achniqe

TE = lopfimitit t4 * most kely + Plssimisti)

02> standatd ceviaton:

TEB &t4*ID +I2

 SDe (12-gy o .b

SDc- ( 20-t0)

TEE 8+48 +1o

6

Soc (to-8) -033

= 1D

S Dg a (t00)

Ahe

*lale nerd coclentifythe (rtital part

The (n fit at path

doys

|Ativiay cogram

*The (nfh Ou ah atuvite e

 Place a bulga begore A(t'vigB
Ploe o buçleu before Attivilg c
Eucgot gite
zsta ndard cleiatn
Brßen sie Ro B |:96* 0-64
=|3)

Plae uc gos atith Chcse srze before A(tivity s

and c n she oiag ram.

Fnish --fl9.61)<-- DUo) - - (CtG)

Thi se tup erswes chott you bae buffey
aceommodate ond oelays sn Ah (ifilal pa
actrvities
(8+C) athrle allol i 9 non- (ntitat
02-Sepp se proje bucheced 6 the Cost

ARe 2 mon Ths Ah Prject 15. torrpu

ormpeb
planred Ahar

shoud haca beer Corruod.

Compue per formaru indea.

Intpaer hl)e \(aluey as Ses
 To (alulae he cosr potfornanco Indta CPID Gnd
Inclesr c sP) the py at you
(on ieth gollo Wling kmulas
|CPI= vceaned ratue )/AC (ACual twst )

Eovnd ralue qTeSen Che ratue f th

k Ahor bas been olore.

Ev=4 22,00
XACua Vatu.
Che Gttuol tof inud gir h
Reprcen t
AbNd clone.
opa 2 m0 nthy $ 25j00o
Thh cüol cos
Pannd atue
Represet the Valw o the won k ha has
pIanned o be lornp eted at ths pornrwn
Le.

Pr D20* |Go,000

(alutas the Cp! and sPI

AC
 membe ear betwn
lommni(aton Impaoving *
in ancd
Re-negoiattng
proeL he ofSye kheRedung
posibu Ssm
0cludey actrinJ(orelta
acuir o7)e0tive tako
ak pyett Ahget NOns
Pnjer the hot
hecl wlmonnger
it
poj
Cu Th
Thi positn. 6eicutt o ain
AsSeSnnent
sehelLle. bhd and
means Thi
projfit
i Ahe Ahor
\e? obfh
the cose, hi In
aheod smmyl Thh >r: Spi
schedulo of
behind Cet prj Th <I: SPI
schedule
budget (nder s eLr po The >: CPI
budge er i eet poj CPl<:
The
Pretor Xnlor
6630,
SPI22,0
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