SULTAN KUDARAT STATE UNIVERSITY

Lutayan Campus
Lutayan, Sultan, Kudarat

NAME: Peterjohn Ablanido

COURSE/YEAR/SECTION: BAT-3A RATING: ___________

AGTECH 313 (Course Conc. Option 1 - IPM)

LAB EXERCISE NO. 5

COLLECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF INSECT PESTS

INTRODUCTION.

An insect is an invertebrate animal which, unlike vertebrates, wears its skeleton on the outside.
We call this an exoskeleton.Insects have three distinct body parts, a head, a thorax, and an
abdomen. They also have six legs.
Insect collecting refers to the collection of insects and other arthropods for scientific study or as a
hobby. Most insects are small and the majority cannot be identified without the examination of
minute morphological characters, so entomologists often make and maintain insect collections.
Very large collections are conserved in natural history museums or universities where they are
maintained and studied by specialists. Many college courses require students to form small
collections. There are also amateur entomologists and collectors who keep collections.
There are an estimated 10,000,000,000,000,000,000 (ten quintillion) individual insects in the
world, which means for every human on the planet there are around 1.4 billion insects per
person.
Insects are the most biodiverse organisms in the world. Globally, there are
approximately 1 million species described by scientists so far. In Scotland
there are around 14,000 different species of insect.

OBJECTIVES:

 to further your knowledge of insect classification and the characteristics that classify
them.
 to collect, identify, organise and preserve examples of the worlds insect biodiversity.

MATERIALS METHODS AND PROCEDURES

Insects are passively caught using funnels, pitfall traps, bottle traps, malaise traps, flight
interception traps and other passive types of insect traps, some of which are baited with small
bits of sweet foods (such as honey). Different designs of ultraviolet light traps such as the
Robinson trap are also used by entomologists for collecting nocturnal insects (especially moths)
during faunistic survey studies. Aspirators or "pooters" suck up insects too small or delicate to
handle with fingers.

Several different types of nets are commonly used actively to collect insects. Aerial insect nets
are used to collect flying insects. The bag of a butterfly net is generally constructed from a
lightweight mesh to minimize damage to delicate butterfly wings. A sweep net is used to collect
insects from grass and brush. It is similar to a butterfly net, except that the bag is generally
constructed from more rugged material. The sweep net is swept back and forth through
vegetation quickly turning the opening from side to side and following a shallow figure eight
pattern. The collector walks forward while sweeping, and the net is moved through plants and
grasses with force. This requires a heavy net fabric such as sailcloth to prevent tearing, although
light nets can be used if swept less vigorously. Sweeping continues for some distance and then
the net is flipped over, with the bag hanging over the rim, trapping the insects until they can be
removed with a pooter. Other types of nets used for collecting insects include beating nets and
aquatic nets. Leaf litter sieves are used by coleopterists and to collect larvae.

Once collected, a killing jar is used to kill required insects before they
damage themselves trying to escape. However, killing jars are generally only
used on hard-bodied insects. Soft-bodied insects, such as those in the larval
stage, are generally fixed in a vial containing an ethanol and water solution.
Another (now mostly historical) approach is caterpillar inflation, where the
innards were removed and the skin dried.

There are several different preservation methods that are used; some of which include: dried
preservation (pinning), liquid preservation, slide mounts, other various preservation methods.
Dried preservation is by far the most common form of insect preservation. The large majority of
the time insects are pinned vertically through their mesothorax and slightly off-center to the right
of the mid-line. It is better to pin an insect that has died recently enough that they have not dried
yet because it allows the thoracic muscles to adhere to the pin (previously dried specimens must
have glue applied to the pin location to avoid spinning). The pin should sit with 1/4 of the pin
above the insect as to allow enough room for labels to be readable underneath. When pinning
insects with wings for display it is important to display them properly: Lepidoptera wings should
always be spread. Orthopteroids often have left wings spread. In scientific collections it is often
found that the insect's wings, legs, and antenna are tucked underneath it to conserve space. When
pin-mounting small insects the insect is glued to a piece of non acidic, triangle paper. This is
called pointing. When drying an insect the relaxed insect is spread out accordingly using pins on
a foam block where it can dry and retain its positioning. When drying insects with wings such as
butterflies setting paper is used to position the wings. When labeling insects the labels are
presented in this order top down: Locality, additional locality/voucher label/accession numbers,
insect identification.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.

Collecting of insects requires effort because the different species of non beneficiary insects in
our place is not easy, some species are rare in this kind of environment. But thankfully we
collected them successfully.

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.

All in all we recommend that collecting insects is a good for agriculture students because it gives
us more knowledge about the different species of insects that is present in our area. It helps us
identify the benefits and the risks of each insects present.

REFERENCES:

Martin, J.E.H. 1977. Collecting, preparing and preserving insects, mites, and spiders. The
Insects and Arachnids of Canada, Part 1. Publ. 1643, Res. Br., Canada Dep. Agric.,
Ottawa, ON. Archived PDF
[2]
Charles Valentine Riley, 1892 Directions for collecting and preserving insects Bulletin
(United States National Museum) no. 39, pt. F. Washington,Govt. Printing Off. Full text
online here
[3]
Hongfu, Zhu, 1949 How to know the immature insects; an illustrated key for identifying
the orders and families of many of the immature insects with suggestions for collecting,
rearing and studying them, by H. F. Chu. Pictured key nature series Dubuque, Iowa,W. C.
Brown Co.Full text online here
[4]
Gibb, Timothy J; Oseto, Christian (2006). Arthropod Collection and Identification:
Laboratory and Field Techniques. Academic Press. p. 67. ISBN 0123695457.
[5]
Department of Entomology. "How to Make an Awesome Insect Collection: Purdue:
entomology: insect: collect: supplies: specimen: mounting: identifying: displaying:
preserve: labels". Purdue. Retrieved December 27, 2019.
[6]
V.M. Uys & R.P. Urban (Eds.): "How to Collect and Preserve Insects and Arachnids".
Pretoria 2006. 112 p. ISBN 1-86849-311-3
h[7]
"A rich and diverse fauna : the history of the Australian National Insect Collection; 1926–
1991". Melbourne : CSIRO, 1997. 386 p. ISBN 0-643-06322-6
[8]
Pokémon inspired from creator’s bug collection hobby, inshorts

DOCUMENTATION.