Bridge Types and Examples

No Style Name Main Span Country Completion

Length Time
(meters)

1 Suspension 1915 2,023 Turkey 2022

bridge Çanakkale
Bridge

Akashi 1,991 Japan 1998

Kaikyō
Bridge

2 Cable- Russky 1,104 Russia 2012

stayed Bridge
bridge
Husutong
Yangtze 1092 China 2020
River Bridge

3 Cantilever Quebec 549 Canada 1919

steel truss Bridge
bridge 521 China 1890
Forth Bridge

4 Steel arch Longtan 600 China 2024

bridge Tianhu
Bridge

Pingnan 575 China 2014

Third Bridge

5 Concrete Chaotianmen 525 China 2009

arch bridge Bridge
550 China 2003
Lupu Bridge
6 Continuous Ikitsuki 400 Japan 1991
steel truss Bridge
bridge
Astoria-
Megler 376 USA 1966
Bridge

7 Concrete- Pingnan 575 China 2020

filled steel Third Bridge
tubes arch
bridge Chaotianmen
Bridge 552 China 2009

8 Pre- Shibanpo 303 China 2006

stressed Yangtze
concrete Bridge
continuous 301 Norway 1998
rigid frame Stolma
bridge Bridge from
Årland

Name: Yeasdani Md Rashiqul (假宁)

Major: CIVIL Engineering

ID: lx2213170211

Sub:Introduction to Bridge Engineering

 Suspension bridge

1915 Çanakkale Bridge (Turkey)

 Construction and Opening: The bridge was constructed between March 2017 and
March 2022 and officially opened on March 18, 2022.
 Dimensions:
o Main Span: 2,023 meters, making it the longest central span of any
suspension bridge in the world.
o Total Length: 4,608 meters.
o Tower Height: 318 meters, symbolizing the 1915 Gallipoli Campaign.
 Design Features:
o Features a twin-tower suspension system with steel cables supporting a six-
lane deck (three lanes in each direction).
 Significance: Enhances transportation links between Europe and Asia, significantly
reducing travel time across the Dardanelles Strait and symbolizing Turkey’s
technological advancement.

Akashi Kaikyō Bridge (Japan)

 Construction and Opening: Construction began in 1988, and the bridge opened to
traffic on April 5, 1998.
 Dimensions:
o Main Span: 1,991 meters, previously the longest until surpassed by the
1915 Çanakkale Bridge.
o Total Length: 3,911 meters.
o Tower Height: 298 meters.
 Design Features:
o A three-span suspension design with two main towers, built to endure
severe weather and seismic activity.
o The deck accommodates six lanes of traffic.
 Significance: Connects Honshu and Awaji Island, facilitating economic and cultural
exchange. It is renowned for its earthquake resistance and is a symbol of modern
engineering in Japan.

Cable-stayed bridge

Russky Bridge (Russia)

 Location: Vladivostok, Russia

 Completion: 2012
 Main Span: 1,104 meters (3,622 feet)
 Total Length: 3,100 meters (10,171 feet)
 Height of Pylon: 324 meters (1,063 feet), making it one of the tallest cable-stayed
bridges in the world.
  Design:
o The bridge features a central tower that supports the cables in a fan-like
arrangement.
o It connects Russky Island with the mainland and was built for the APEC
summit in 2012.
 Significance:
o Recognized for its stunning architectural design and as a symbol of
Vladivostok.

Husutong Yangtze River Bridge (China)

 Location: Wuhan, Hubei Province, China

 Completion: 2020
 Main Span: 1,700 meters (5,577 feet)
 Total Length: Approximately 3,200 meters (10,499 feet)
 Height of Pylon: 265 meters (869 feet).
 Design:
o Features two main towers with a series of cables extending to support the
deck.
o The bridge facilitates traffic flow over the Yangtze River, enhancing
connectivity in the region.
 Significance:
o Part of a larger infrastructure initiative to improve transportation and
economic development along the Yangtze River.

Cantilever steel truss bridge

Quebec Bridge

 Location: Quebec City, Canada

 Type: Cantilever bridge
 Length: 987 meters (3,238 feet)
 Construction Period: 1900-1917
 Opened: 1919
 Design: The bridge is made of steel and features a cantilevered design, which allows
it to span a wide gap without needing support in the middle. It is characterized by
its massive steel structure and distinctive blue color.
 Architects/Engineers: Designed by the engineering firm of P.L. Morin, the bridge
was built by the Quebec Bridge Company.
 Significance: The Quebec Bridge was the first bridge in the world to use a cantilever
design to its full extent. It is recognized as an important piece of engineering history,
although it has a tragic past due to two major collapses during construction.
 Current Use: The bridge serves road and rail traffic and is a vital transportation link
across the St. Lawrence River.
Forth Bridge

 Location: Near Edinburgh, Scotland

 Type: Cantilever railway bridge
 Length: 2,467 meters (8,094 feet)
 Construction Period: 1883-1890
 Opened: 1890
 Design: This iconic red-painted steel bridge features a cantilever design, with three
main spans supported by two large cantilevers on either side. The bridge is known
for its unique triangular shape and is considered a marvel of Victorian engineering.
 Architects/Engineers: Designed by the engineer Sir Benjamin Baker and his
partner Sir John A. Fowler.
 Significance: The Forth Bridge is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is recognized
as a symbol of Scotland. It was one of the first major structures to use steel as a
primary construction material.
 Current Use: It remains in active use, serving as a railway bridge connecting
Edinburgh and Fife.

Steel arch bridge

Longtan Tianhu Bridge

1. Location: Located in Longtan District, Taichung, Taiwan.

2. Design:
o Type: Steel arch bridge.
o Structure: The bridge features a distinctive arch shape that provides both
strength and beauty.
o Length: Approximately 1,200 meters (3,937 feet).
3. Construction:
o Completed in 2018.
o Designed to withstand high seismic activity due to its location in an
earthquake-prone area.
4. Purpose:
o Primarily serves vehicular and pedestrian traffic.
o A key part of the transportation network, improving connectivity in the
region.
5. Aesthetics:
o The bridge is often illuminated at night, enhancing its visual impact and
becoming a landmark in the area.

Pingnan Third Bridge

1. Location: Located in Pingnan County, Fujian Province, China.

2. Design:
o Type: Steel arch bridge.
o Structure: It features a large central arch, allowing for long spans without
intermediate supports.
 o Length: Approximately 1,167 meters (3,832 feet).
3. Construction:
o Completed in 2019.
o Utilizes advanced engineering techniques for durability and load
distribution.
4. Purpose:
o Facilitates road traffic in the region, supporting local economic development.
o Enhances accessibility to remote areas and promotes tourism.
5. Aesthetics:
o The bridge is noted for its elegant design and has become a popular
photography spot.

Concrete arch bridge

Chaotianmen Bridge

 Location: Chongqing, China

 Type: Concrete arch bridge
 Opened: 2012
 Length: Approximately 1,741 meters (5,745 feet)
 Main Span: 1,088 meters (3,566 feet)
 Features:
o The bridge features a unique design with a main arch that rises to a height of
118 meters (387 feet) above the Yangtze River, making it one of the tallest
arch bridges in the world.
o It is designed to accommodate both vehicle and pedestrian traffic, enhancing
connectivity in the Chongqing area.
o The bridge is a landmark in Chongqing and is known for its striking
silhouette against the skyline.

Lupu Bridge

 Location: Shanghai, China

 Type: Concrete arch bridge
 Opened: 2003
 Length: Approximately 8,000 meters (26,247 feet) in total, including approaches.
 Main Span: 550 meters (1,804 feet)
 Features:
o The Lupu Bridge is notable for its sleek design and distinctive arch that
allows for a high clearance over the Huangpu River.
o It is primarily a vehicle bridge, featuring six lanes for traffic.
o The bridge has become an iconic part of Shanghai's skyline, especially when
illuminated at night.
 Continuous steel truss bridge

Ikitsuki Bridge

 Location: Connects Ikitsuki Island to the mainland in Nagasaki, Japan.

 Type: Continuous steel truss bridge with a main span of approximately 1,150
meters.
 Features:
o Designed to withstand typhoons and seismic activity due to its robust
structure.
o Aesthetically integrated into the landscape, providing scenic views of the
surrounding area.

Astoria-Megler Bridge

 Location: Spans the Columbia River between Astoria, Oregon, and Megler,
Washington, USA.
 Type: Continuous steel truss bridge with a total length of about 4.1 miles (6.6 km)
and a main span of 1,232 feet (375 meters).
 Features:
o It features a cantilevered design, with the central span being a continuous
steel truss.
o Accommodates vehicle traffic, bicycle lanes, and pedestrian walkways.
o Recognized for its significant engineering achievements and historical
importance.

Technical Aspects

1. Load Factors: Designed to support a variety of loads, including vehicular traffic,

pedestrian loads, and environmental forces such as wind and seismic activity.
2. Materials: High-strength steel is often used in the construction of trusses, while the
bridge deck may be made of reinforced concrete or steel plates.
3. Construction Techniques: Involves precise engineering and planning, often
employing modular construction methods for ease of assembly.

Maintenance and Durability

 Inspection: Regular inspections are necessary to assess the structural integrity and
identify any corrosion or fatigue in the steel components.
 Protection: Steel elements are typically coated with protective paint or
galvanization to prevent rust and prolong the lifespan of the bridge.

Conclusion

Continuous steel truss bridges like the Ikitsuki and Astoria-Megler bridges
showcase advanced engineering and design principles, allowing for long spans and
significant load-bearing capabilities while maintaining aesthetic appeal. These
structures play a crucial role in transportation infrastructure, facilitating movement
across challenging geographical features.

Concrete-filled steel tubes arch bridge

1. Pingnan Third Bridge (China)

 Location: Located in Pingnan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.

 Design: Features a prominent arch design with concrete-filled steel tubes,
enhancing its structural integrity and aesthetic appeal.
 Span: The bridge has a main span of over 400 meters, allowing it to traverse
significant obstacles such as rivers or valleys.
 Purpose: Serves as a critical transportation link, facilitating road traffic and
improving connectivity in the region.

2. Chaotianmen Bridge (Chongqing, China)

 Location: Situated in Chongqing, this bridge spans the Jialing River.

 Design: The bridge employs a CFST arch design, combining functionality with
modern aesthetics, featuring a dramatic arch that enhances the skyline of
Chongqing.
 Span: One of the longest arch bridges in the world, with a main span of 1,740 meters
(5,709 feet).
 Purpose: A vital infrastructure component, it supports a major roadway and plays a
crucial role in alleviating traffic congestion in the area.

Conclusion

Concrete-filled steel tube arch bridges like the Pingnan Third Bridge and the
Chaotianmen Bridge exemplify modern engineering techniques that optimize
material use, enhance aesthetic value, and ensure safety. Their design not only
addresses structural demands but also responds to the visual and functional needs
of urban landscapes.

Pre-stressed concrete continuous rigid frame bridge

1. Shibanpo Yangtze Bridge (China):

o Location: Chongqing, China
o Type: Pre-stressed concrete continuous rigid frame bridge
o Length: Approximately 1,620 meters
o Main Span: 600 meters
o Design Features:
 Utilizes a continuous rigid frame system to manage the large spans.
  Designed to withstand high traffic loads and seismic activity.
 Aesthetically pleasing design with a smooth, streamlined
appearance.
2. Stolma Bridge (Årland, Sweden):
o Location: Årland, Sweden
o Type: Continuous rigid frame bridge
o Length: Approximately 1,400 meters
o Main Span: 500 meters
o Design Features:
 Incorporates advanced pre-stressing techniques to improve
structural performance.
 Designed to accommodate both vehicular and pedestrian traffic.
 The bridge features a modern design with attention to
environmental impact.

Advantages of Pre-stressed Concrete Continuous Rigid Frame Bridges:

 Reduced Material Usage: The pre-stressing process allows for thinner sections,
leading to less material use and reduced weight.
 Improved Load Distribution: The continuous nature of the design helps distribute
loads more evenly across the structure.
 Durability and Maintenance: Pre-stressed concrete has a longer lifespan and
requires less maintenance compared to traditional concrete structures.
 Seismic Resistance: The rigid frame design provides enhanced resistance to lateral
forces, making it suitable for areas prone to earthquakes.

Applications:

 Ideal for highway and railway crossings, urban environments, and locations with
challenging geological conditions.
 Often used in scenarios where aesthetics and minimal environmental impact are
important.

Conclusion:

Pre-stressed concrete continuous rigid frame bridges like the Shibanpo Yangtze
Bridge and Stolma Bridge represent advanced engineering solutions that effectively
combine strength, durability, and aesthetic appeal, making them suitable for
modern infrastructure needs.

Name: Yeasdani Md Rashiqul (假宁)

Major: CIVIL Engineering

ID: lx2213170211

Sub:Introduction to Bridge Engineering