SCHEME OF WORK BIOLOGY FORM FOUR TERM ONE

L/ MATERIALS
W TOPIC/ LESSON / SPECIFIC TEACHING / LEARNING
N / REF. REMARKS
NO SUBTOPIC OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES
O RESOURCES
1 1 GENETICS By the end of the lesson, the Exposition of new concepts.
learner should be able to: Probing questions on some KLB BK IV.
The concept of Define Genetics. variations in human beings. Ink pad, hand PP 1-2.
variation. Define variation. Observe some variations in lenses, white
human beings such as tongue paper.
rolling, finger prints,
students’ heights, etc.
Discussion on the concept of
variation.

2- Discontinuous Define discontinuous Observe some discontinuous

3 variation. variation. variations in human beings
such as tongue rolling, sex,
blood groups, etc. KLB BK IV.
Discussion on the concept of P 3.
discontinuous variation.

4, Continuous Define continuous variation. Class activity ; students Metre rules/

5 variation. Give examples of measure and record their tape measure, KLB BK IV.
characteristics that show heights; Graph papers PP 3-4
continuous variation. Plotting of frequency-height
graph;
Analyzing the graph;
Discussion with probing
questions.

2 1- Causes of variation. Discuss causes of variation. Exposition of new concepts. KLB BK IV.
2 Discussion with probing P4
questions.

1
2 3- The chromosome. Describe the structure of Exposition of new concepts.
4 chromosomes. Probing questions. KLB BK IV.
Discussion. PP 4-5.

5 Chromosomal Describe chromosomal Exposition; Scissors, KLB BK IV.

behaviour during behaviour during mitosis. Teacher demonstrations; Manilla papers, PP 5-6
mitosis. Drawing diagrams; thread,
Detailed discussion. cellotape.

3 1- Chromosomal Describe chromosomal Exposition; Scissors, KLB BK IV.

2 behaviour during behaviour during meiosis. Teacher demonstrations; Manilla papers, PP 6-7
meiosis. Drawing diagrams; threads,
Detailed discussion. cellotape.

3- Genes and DNA. Describe the structure of Expository approach. Chart- the KLB BK IV.
4 genes and DNA. double helix PP 7-8
Identify the role of DNA. DNA.

5 DNA replication. Describe DNA replication. Exposition; KLB BK IV.

Explain the role of DNA in Drawing mRNA strands. PP 9-10
protein synthesis.

4 1 First law of heredity. Describe Mendel’s Exposition with explanations. KLB BK IV.
experiments. PP 11-12
State Mendel’s first law.

2- Monohybrid Define monohybrid Q/A to review Mendel’s first KLB BK IV.

3 inheritance. inheritance. law. PP 12-14
Differentiate between Drawing diagrams to show
genotype and phenotype. genetic crosses.
Draw diagrams to show Discussion with probing
genetic crosses. questions.

4- Genetic crosses Show fusion of gametes Completing a punnet square; KLB BK IV.
5 using a punnet using a punnet square. Brief discussion. PP 14-15
square.

2
5 1- Ratios of Explain the concept of Q/A to review phenotypes Beans of two KLB BK IV.
2 phenotypes and probability in inheritance of and genotypes. different PP 15-17
genotypes. characteristics. Simple experiments on colours,
probability. beakers.
Discussion.

3- Incomplete Cite examples of incomplete Exposition; KLB BK IV.

4 dominance. dominance. Discussion; PP 19-20.
Illustrate incomplete Drawing diagrams.
dominance with diagrams.
5 Inheritance of ABO Identify the four blood Exposition; KLB BK IV.
blood groups. groups and their genotypes. Discussion; PP 20-21
Illustrate inheritance of blood Drawing diagrams;
groups with diagrams. Supervised practice on
inheritance of blood groups.

6 1 Inheritance of ABO Illustrate inheritance of blood Exposition; KLB BK IV.

blood groups. groups with diagrams. Discussion; PP 20-21
Drawing diagrams;
Supervised practice on
inheritance of blood groups.

2 Inheritance of Describe inheritance of Exposition; KLB BK IV.

Rhesus factor. Rhesus factor. Discussion. PP 21-22

3- Determining Determine unknown Exposition; KLB BK IV.

4 unknown genotypes using test crosses Probing questions; PP 22-23
genotypes. and selfing crosses. Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.

5 Sex determination Describe sex determination Exposition; KLB BK IV.

in man. in man. Drawing illustrative diagrams; PP 23-24
Discussion.

3
7 1- Sex-linked genes Identify sex-linked traits in Probing questions; KLB BK IV.
2 and traits. man. Drawing illustrative diagrams; PP 24-27
Illustrate inheritance of sex- Discussion.
linked traits with diagrams.

3- Non-disjunction. Explain effects of non- Exposition of new concepts; KLB BK IV.

4 disjunction as a Discussion. PP 30-33
chromosomal abnormality.
5-
1 TEST & MID – TERM BREAK
8
2- Gene mutation. Differentiate between Q/A to review types of Models to show KLB BK IV.
3 chromosomal and gene chromosomal mutation; Chromosomal PP 33-35
mutation. Using sequence models to mutations.
Identify types of gene show chromosomal
mutation. mutations.
Discussion.

4- Disorders due to Explain some disorders due Discussion on albinism, KLB BK IV.
5 gene mutations. to gene mutations. sickle-cell anaemia, PP 35-38
Illustrate genetic disorders haemophilia, colour
with diagrams. blindness.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.

9 1- Disorders due to Illustrate genetic disorders Discussion on albinism, KLB BK IV.

2 gene mutations. with diagrams. sickle-cell anaemia, PP 35-38
haemophilia, colour
blindness.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.

3- Applications of Identify areas of practical Probing questions; KLB BK IV.

4 genetics. application of genetics. Open discussion; PP 39-45
Topic review.

4
 5 EVOLUTION KLB BK IV.
PP 49-51
Meaning of Define evolution. Brain storming;
evolution. Explain the theories of life. Probing questions;
Theories of origin of Q/A on creation theory;
life. Exposition of chemical
theory.

10 1- Evidence for organic Cite evidence for organic Brain storming; KLB BK IV.
2 evolution. evolution. Probing questions; PP 51-59
Exposition;
Discussion.

3- Comparative Define divergent evolution. Examine forelimbs of Forelimbs of KLB BK IV.

4 anatomy and Give examples of vertebrates; vertebrates. PP 59-63
homologous homologous structures. Discuss adaptations and use
structures. of the limbs.
5 Comparative Define divergent evolution. Examine forelimbs of Forelimbs of KLB BK IV.
anatomy and Give examples of vertebrates; vertebrates. PP 59-63
homologous homologous structures. Discuss adaptations and use
structures. (contd) of the limbs.
11 1 Convergent Define convergent evolution. Examine wings of insects; Wings of KLB BK IV.
evolution and Give examples of analogous wings of birds / bat. insects, wings PP 63-64
analogous structures. Discuss observations. of birds / bat.
structures. Give examples of vestigial
structures.

2- Convergent Define convergent evolution. Examine wings of insects; Wings of KLB BK IV.
3 evolution and Give examples of analogous wings of birds / bat. insects, wings PP 63-64
analogous structures. Discuss observations. of birds / bat.
structures.(contd) Give examples of vestigial
structures.

4 Larmack’s theory of Explain Larmack’s theory of Expositions and explanations. KLB BK IV.
evolution. evolution. P 67
5 Darwin’s theory of Explain Darwin’s theory of Expositions and explanations; KLB BK IV.
natural selection. natural selection. Probing questions; PP 67-72
Cite examples of natural Topic review.
selection in action.

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13 END OF TERM ONE EXAMS

SCHEME OF WORK BIOLOGY FORM FOUR TERM TWO

L/ MATERIALS
W TOPIC/ LESSON / SPECIFIC TEACHING / LEARNING
N / REF. REMARKS
NO SUBTOPIC OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES
O RESOURCES
1 1- RECEPTION,
2 RESPONSE &
CO-ORDINATION
KLB BK IV.
Meaning of Define of stimulus, response Brain storming; Brad crumbs,
PP 73-74
stimulus, response and irritability. Exposition; termites, dry
and irritability. Explain the need for Group experiments- sand, moth
sensitivity and response. chemotaxis in termites; balls.
Tactic responses. Identify types of tactics Discussion.
responses.

3- Tropism and types Identify types of tropism. Examine previous plant set – Seedlings, KLB BK IV.
4 of tropism. State differences between ups on response to light, klinostat, PP 74-78
tropisms and taxes. gravity; corked
Probing questions and beaker.
discussion.
5 Nastic responses. Identify types of nastic Q/A and discussion. KLB BK IV.
responses PP 78-80

2 1- Role of auxins in Explain the role of auxins in Examine previous plant set –
3 tropisms. tropisms. ups on response to light,
gravity; contact; KLB BK IV.
Probing questions and PP 80-83
discussion.

6
 4- Response and
5 Co-ordination in
animals.
KLB BK IV.
The nervous State components of the Descriptive and expository Illustrative PP 84-85
system. nervous system. approaches. diagrams.
Describe the structure of
nerve cells.
3 1 Types of neurons. Identify types of neurons. Descriptive and expository Illustrative
approaches. diagrams.
The brain. Describe structure of the KLB BK IV.
human brain. PP 85-88

2 Reflex actions. Differentiate between simple Illustrate a simple reflex arc. Illustrative
and conditioned reflex Probing questions on diagrams.
actions. differences between simple KLB BK IV.
and conditioned reflex PP 88-90
actions.

3, Transmission of a Describe the transmission of Descriptive and expository Illustrative

4 nerve impulse. a nerve impulse. approaches. diagrams. KLB BK IV.
PP 90-93

5 The endocrine Identify components of Discussion; tabulate the Illustrative

system. endocrine system. differences. diagrams.
Compare endocrine system. KLB BK IV.
With nervous system. PP 93-6

4 1- The mammalian Identify major parts of the Brain storming; Chart- the
2 eye. human eye. Discussion with probing human eye. KLB BK IV.
Explain image formation and questions. PP 93-
interpretation in the eye. 100

7
 3- Accommodation of Explain the role of ciliary Discussion with probing Chart- focusing
4 the eye. muscles in accommodation questions, far and near
of the eye. Drawing illustrative diagrams. points. KLB BK IV.
PP 100-1

5 Defects of vision Identify defects of vision. Detailed discussion with Illustrative

and their correction. Explain correction of vision probing questions; diagrams.
defects. Drawing illustrative diagrams. KLB BK IV.
PP 101-4

5 1 Defects of vision Identify defects of vision. Detailed discussion with Illustrative

and their correction. Explain correction of vision probing questions; diagrams.
defects. Drawing illustrative diagrams. KLB BK IV.
PP 101-4

2 The human ear. Identify major parts of the Descriptive and expository Illustrative
human ear. approaches. diagrams.
Drawn diagrams. KLB BK IV.
PP 104-5

3 Hearing. Explain how the ear Descriptive and expository

KLB BK IV.
perceives sound. approaches.
P 106
4 Body balance and Explain how the ear Descriptive and expository
posture. maintains body balance and approaches.
posture. KLB BK IV.
PP 107-8

5 Defects of the ear. Identify some defects of the Descriptive and expository
ear. approaches. KLB BK IV.
P 108

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6 1 SUPPORT &
MOVEMENT IN
PLANTS AND
ANIMALS
KLB BK IV.
PP 111-2
Importance of Explain the importance of Brain storming;
support and support and movement in Probing questions;
movement in plants. plants. Discussion.

2 Arrangement of Draw and label a transverse Examine transverse section Monocotyledo-

tissues in a section of a of a monocotyledonous stem. nous stem, eg.
monocotyledonous monocotyledonous stem. tradescantia,
microscope, KLB BK IV.
stem.
Razors. PP111-2.

6 3, Arrangement of Draw and label a transverse Examine transverse section Herbaceous

4 tissues in a section of a dicotyledonous of a dicotyledonous stem, stem,
dicotyledonous stem. herbaceous and woody microscope,
stem. Draw and label a transverse stems. slides, KLB BK IV.
Razors.
section of herbaceous and PP 111-5
woody stems.

5 Stem tissues. Identify some stem tissues. Drawing and labeling Illustrative
Explain the role of stem diagrams; diagrams.
KLB BK IV.
tissues. Discussion.
PP 113-5

7 1 Wilting in plants. Compare the rate of wilting Uproot herbaceous and KLB BK IV.
of herbaceous and woody woody plants; P 116
stems. Observe tem for about 30
Account for difference in rate min;
of water loss. Brief discussion.

9
 2- The exoskeleton. Describe the structure of the Examine movement of a live A live
3 exoskeleton. arthropod; arthropod,
Observe muscles of the hind E.g.
limb of a grasshopper; grasshopper, KLB BK IV.
millipede.
Relate the observations to PP 116-7
the function of the
exoskeleton.

4- The endoskeleton. Describe the structure of the Observe skeleton of a The human KLB BK IV.
5 endoskeleton. vertebrate; skeleton. PP 117-8
Compare it with an
exoskeleton.
Discuss the contrasting
features.

5 TEST

8 1 Locomotory Identify the locomotory Observe external features of A freshly killed

features of a features of a finned fish. a tilapia. tilapi
finned fish. Drawing and labeling;
Discussion.

2- Locomotion in a Explain how locomotion Review external features of a A freshly killed KLB BK IV.
3 finned fish. occurs in a finned fish. tilapia. tilapia. PP 117-8
Explain how a fish is adapted Detailed discussion.
to locomotion in its habitat.

4 Tail power of a fish. Calculate the tail power of a Measure length of tail, length A freshly killed KLB BK IV.
fish. of a tilapia fish. tilapia. PP 118-9
Calculations.
Discussion on significance of
tail power in locomotion.

10
 5 Support and
movement in
mammals.
KLB BK IV.
The skull and rib Describe the structure of the Observe the human skull and Human skull,
PP 119-
cage. skull and rib cage. rib cage of a rat / rabbit. rib cage of
120
Detailed discussion. rat / rabbit.

9 1- The vertebral Describe the features of the Examine cervical and thoracic Cervical and KLB BK IV.
2 column. vertebral column. vertebrae. thoracic PP 121-2
Identify types of vertebrae. vertebrae.
Cervical and Explain adaptations of
thoracic vertebrae. cervical and thoracic
vertebrae to their functions.
3- Thoracic and lumbar Explain adaptations of Examine thoracic and lumbar Thoracic and KLB BK IV.
4 vertebrae. Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. lumbar PP 122-3
vertebrae to their functions. Draw labeled diagrams; vertebrae.
Brief discussion.
9 5 The sacral and Describe the features of the Examine sacral and caudal Sacral and KLB BK IV.
caudal vertebrae. sacral and caudal vertebrae. vertebrae. caudal P 124
Explain adaptations of sacral Draw labeled diagrams; vertebrae.
and caudal vertebrae to their Brief discussion.
functions.

10 1- The appendicular Describe the features of the Examine the appendicular Appendicular KLB BK IV.
2 skeleton. appendicular skeleton. skeleton of a rabbit /sheep. skeleton of a PP 124-5
Brief discussion.. rabbit /sheep.

3, Fore limb. Identify bones of the fore Examine bones if the fore Bones of the KLB BK IV.
4 limb. limb; fore limb. PP 126-7
Drawing labeled diagrams;
Discussion.

11
 5 Hind limb. Identify bones of the hind Examine bones if the hind Bones of the KLB BK IV.
limb. limb; hind limb. P 127
Drawing labeled diagrams;
Discussion.

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13
END OF TERM EXAMS - TRIAL EXAM

SCHEME OF WORK BIOLOGY FORM FOUR TERM THREE

L/ MATERIALS
W TOPIC/ LESSON / SPECIFIC TEACHING / LEARNING
N / REF. REMARKS
NO SUBTOPIC OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES
O RESOURCES
1 1 Movable joints. Identify features of movable Examine the synovial joint. Synovial joint KLB BK IV.
joints. Brief discussion. model. P 127

2 Ball and socket Identify features of ball and Examine the synovial joint. Synovial joint KLB BK IV.
joint. socket joint. Discuss observations. model. P 128

3, The hinge joint. Identify features of hinge Examine a hinge joint. Illustrative KLB BK IV.
joint. diagrams. PP 128-9
4 Movement of a joint. Observe movement of the
Describe movement of a fore arm;
joint.
Discussion.

12
 PRACTICAL TEST
5
2 1 Skeletal muscles. Describe features of Examine diagrams of skeletal Illustrative KLB BK IV.
skeletal muscles. muscles; diagrams. PP 129-30
Brief discussion.
2- Smooth or visceral Describe features of Examine diagrams of smooth Illustrative KLB BK IV.
3 muscles. smooth muscles. muscles; diagrams. PP 129-30
Brief discussion.

4- Cardiac muscles. Describe features of Examine diagrams of smooth Illustrative KLB BK IV.
5 smooth muscles. muscles; diagrams. PP 130-1
Brief discussion;
Topic review.

REVISION FOR K.C.S.E. EXAMINATION

K.C.S.E EXAMINATION

13