MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Electrical Materials and Wiring Practice 22328: EMW
Important Instructions to examiners:
1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the
understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance (Not applicable for
subject English and Communication Skills).
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The figures
drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any equivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values may vary and
there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer based on
candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent concept.
8) As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in English/Marathi and Bilingual (English +
Marathi) medium is introduced at first year of AICTE Diploma Programme from academic year 2021-2022. Hence if
the students in first year (first and second semesters) write answers in Marathi or bilingual language (English
+Marathi), the Examiner shall consider the same and assess the answer based on matching of concepts with model
answer.
Sub
Q. Marking
Q. Answer
No. Scheme
N.
1. Attempt any FIVE of the following: 10 Marks
a) State different types of switches used in wiring installation.
Ans:
Different Types of Switches used in Wiring Installation:
1. SPST (Single pole, single throw) switch.
½ Mark for
2. SPDT (single pole, double throw) switch.
each of any
3. DPST (double pole, single throw) switch.
four switches
4. DPDT (double pole, double throw) switch.
= 2 Marks
5. Rotary switch.
6. Selector switch.
7. Rotary and selector switch.
8. Intermediate switch.
9. Toggle switch.
10. Slide switch.
11. Push button switch.
12. Tumbler switch.
13. Limit switch.
14. Flush switch.
15. Piano switch.
16. 2PMT (two pole multiple throw) switch.
17. 2P6T (two pole six throw) switch.
18. Float switch.
19. Flow switch.
20. Timer switch.
21. TPST (triple pole, single throw) switch.
22. TPDT (triple pole, double throw) switch.
23. TPN (triple pole with neutral) switch.
OR Equivalent Answer/Points
Page 1 of 21
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Electrical Materials and Wiring Practice 22328: EMW
b) Write standard specification of MCB used in residential installation.
Ans:
Standard Specifications of MCB used in Residential Installation:
The standard specification of MCB used in residential installation should consist following
parameters such as:
1. Standard rated current e.g. 0.5A, 1A, 1.6A, 2A, 5A, 6A, 10A, 16A, 20A, 25A, 30A, 32A,
40A, 50A, 60A and 63A. 1 Mark for
2. Poles e.g. SP, SP+N, DP, TP, TP+N etc. each of any
3. Rated short circuit breaking capacity e.g. 10000A (10kA) etc. two
4. Rated Voltage e.g. 240V, 415V AC / DC etc. parameters
5. Rated Frequency e.g. 50Hz, 60Hz etc. = 2 Marks
6. Rated Insulation Voltage e.g. 750V etc.
7. Contact indication e.g., Red-ON & Green-OFF etc.
8. Watt Loss: As per the IS / IEC standard.
9. MCB type:
a) Type B is the most sensitive types of MCB, designed for domestic and low voltage
commercial setting.
b) Type C MCB is used for protection of resistive and inductive loads with low inrush
current.
c) Type D MCB is used for protection of circuits that supply loads with high inrush
current at the circuit closing (transformers, breakdown lamps).
d) Type K is used for inductive loads which have a chance of high inrush currents. They
are also a good choice for motors.
e) Type Z is used with more delicate devices prone to short circuits, such as
semiconductors.
10. MCB series:
a) L-series are used for resistive loads.
b) G-series are used for inductive loads and
c) DC series for DC applications.
OR Equivalent Answer/Points
c) State classification of magnetic material.
Ans:
Classification of Magnetic Materials:
1. Diamagnetic material. ½ Mark for
2. Paramagnetic material. each of any
3. Ferromagnetic material. four types
4. Ferrimagnetic material. = 2 Marks
5. Antiferromagnetic material.
d) List any two examples of solid and gaseous insulating material.
Ans:
Solid Insulating Materials:
1. Wood ½ Mark for
2. Paper
each of any
3. Press board two examples
4. Cotton
= 1 Mark
5. Silk
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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Electrical Materials and Wiring Practice 22328: EMW
6. Asbestos
7. Cotton
8. Natural and synthetic rubber
9. Mica
10. Micanite
11. Bakelite
12. Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC)
13. Glass
14. Porcelain
15. Ceramics
16. Slate
17. Rayon etc.
Gaseous Insulating Materials: ½ Mark for
1. Air each of any
2. Nitrogen two examples
3. Hydrogen = 1 Mark
4. Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6)
OR Equivalent Answer/Points
e) State any two electrical properties of insulating material.
Ans:
Electrical Properties of Insulating Materials:
An insulating material has to possess the following electrical properties:
1. Extremely high insulation resistance. 1 Mark for
2. High dielectric strength. each of any
3. Non-inflammable when exposed to arcing. two points
4. It should have low dielectric loss. = 2 Marks
5. Should have no deteriorating effect on the material, in contact with conductors.
6. It should have low permittivity.
7. It should have low power factor so that have less power loss.
8. The electrical and chemical property of the material should not be affected by the
temperature.
9. Should be resistant to moisture absorption.
OR Equivalent Answer/Points
f) List the different types of wiring systems.
Ans:
Types of Wiring Systems:
1. Cleat wiring
2. Wooden casing-caping wiring ½ Mark for
3. PVC casing-caping wiring each of any
4. CTS or TRS or PVC sheath wiring four systems
5. Lead sheathed or metal sheathed wiring = 2 Marks
6. Conduit wiring
a) Surface or open conduit type wiring
b) Recessed or concealed or underground type conduit wiring
g) Define: Earth Resistance. State meter used to measure it.
Ans:
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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Electrical Materials and Wiring Practice 22328: EMW
Earth Resistance:
Definition: The resistance offered by the earth electrode to the flow of current into the
ground is known as the earth resistance or resistance to earth. OR 1 Mark
Resistance of earth is the resistance between infinite earth and earth electrode.
Meter used to measure Earth Resistance:
Earth tester or Ground resistance meter is used to measure earth resistance. 1 Mark
2. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 Marks
a) State any four IE rules to be followed for electrical safety.
Ans:
IE Rules to be Followed for Electrical Safety:
1. IE Rule 3: Authorization:
No person shall be deemed to be authorized under sub-rule (1) unless his name has been
entered in a list maintained at the office or premises of the person authorizing him, and
giving the purpose for which such person is authorized and the entry has been attested by
the authorized person and the person authorizing him.
2. IE Rule 29: Construction & Maintenance of Electrical Supply Line and Apparatus: 1 Mark for
All electric supply lines and apparatus shall be of sufficient ratings for power, insulation each of any
and estimated fault current and of sufficient mechanical strength, for the duty which they four rules
may be required to perform under the environmental conditions of installation, and shall = 4 Marks
be constructed, installed, protected, worked and maintained in such a manner as to ensure
safety of human beings, animals and property.
The material and apparatus used shall conform to the relevant specifications of Bureau of
Indian Standards where such specifications have already been laid down.
3. IE Rule 30: Service Line and Apparatus on Consumer’s Premises:
The supplier shall ensure that all the electric supply lines, wires, fittings and apparatus
belonging to him or under his control, which are on a consumer’s premises, are in a safe
condition & in all respects fit for supplying energy & supplier shall take due precautions
to avoid danger arising on such premises from such supply lines, wires, fittings and
apparatus.
4. IE Rule 31: Cut out on Consumer Premises:
Supplier shall provide a suitable cutout in each conductor of every service-line other than
an earthed or earthed neutral conductor or the earthed external conductor of a concentric
cable within a consumer's premises, in an accessible position.
5. IE Rule 32: Identification of Earthed and Earthed neutral conductor and Position
of Switches and Cut-outs therein:
An indication of a permanent nature shall be provided by the owner of the earthed or
earthed neutral conductor, or the conductor which is to be connected thereto, to enable
such conductor to be distinguished from any live conductor.
6. IE Rule 33: Earthed Terminal on Consumer’s Premises:
The supplier shall provide and maintain on the consumer's premises for the consumer's
use a suitable earthed terminal in an accessible position at or near the point of
commencement of supply.
7. IE Rule 34: Accessibility of Bare Conductors:
Wherever bare conductors are used, they should be inaccessible and fitted with switches
in an easily accessible position to make them dead whenever necessary.
8. IE Rule 35: Danger Boards Notices:
Page 4 of 21
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Electrical Materials and Wiring Practice 22328: EMW
The owner of every medium, high and extra-high voltage installation shall affix
permanently in a conspicuous position a danger notice in Hindi or English and the local
language of the district, with a sign of skull and bones of a design as per the relevant ISS.
9. IE Rule 36: Handling of Electrical Supply Line and Apparatus:
Before any conductor or apparatus is handled adequate precautions shall be taken, by
earthing or other suitable means.
No person shall work on any live electric supply line or apparatus and no person shall
assist such person on such work, unless he is authorized in that behalf, & takes the safety
measures approved by the Inspector.
10. IE Rule 37: Supply to Vehicles, Cranes etc.:
Every person owning a vehicle, travelling crane or like to which energy is supplied from
an external source shall ensure that it is efficiently controlled by suitable switch enabling
all voltage to be cut off in one operation and where such vehicle, travelling crane or the
like runs on metal rails, the owner shall ensure that the rails are electrically continuous
and earthed.
11. IE Rule 38: Cable for Portable or Transportable Apparatus:
Flexible cables shall not be used for portable or transportable motors, generators,
transformer rectifiers, electric drills, electric sprayers, welding sets or any other portable
or transportable apparatus unless they are heavily insulated and adequately protected
from mechanical injury.
12. IE Rule 41: Distinction of Different Circuits:
The owner of every generating station, sub-station, junction-box or pillar in which there
are any circuits or apparatus, whether intended for operation at different voltages or at the
same voltage, shall ensure by means of indication of a permanent nature that respective
circuits are readily distinguishable from one another.
13. IE Rule 42: Accidental Charges:
The owners of all circuits and apparatus shall so arrange them that there shall be no
danger of any part thereof becoming accidentally charged to any voltage beyond the
limits of voltage for which they are intended.
14. IE Rule 43: Provision Applicable to Protective Equipment’s:
Fire buckets filled with clean dry sand and ready for immediate use for extinguishing
fires, in addition to fire extinguishers suitable for dealing with electric fires, shall be
conspicuously marked and kept in all generating stations, enclosed sub-stations and
switch stations in convenient situation. The fire extinguishers shall be tested for
satisfactory operation at least once a year and record of such tests shall be maintained.
15. IE Rule 44: Instruction for Restoration of Persons Suffering from Electrical Shock:
Instructions, in English or Hindi and the local language of district and where Hindi is the
local language, in English and Hindi for the restoration of persons suffering from electric
shock, shall be affixed by the owner in a conspicuous place in every generating station,
enclosed sub-station, enclosed switch-station and in every factory as defined in clause.
16. IE Rule 45: Precautions to be adopted by consumers, owners, occupiers, Electrical
contractors, electrical workman and suppliers:
No electrical installation work, including additions, alterations, repairs and adjustments
to existing installations, shall be carried out upon the premises of or on behalf of any
consumer, supplier, owner or occupier for the purpose of supply to such consumer,
supplier, owner or occupier except by an electrical contractor licensed in this behalf.

Page 5 of 21
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Electrical Materials and Wiring Practice 22328: EMW
17. IE Rule 46: Periodical Inspection and Testing of Consumer’s Installation:
Where an installation is already connected to the supply system of the supplier, every
such installation shall be periodically inspected and tested at intervals not exceeding five
years either by the Inspector or any officer appointed to assist the Inspector.
18. IE Rule 48: Precaution Against Leakage Before Connection:
The supplier shall not connect with his works the installation or apparatus on the
premises of any applicant for supply unless he is reasonably satisfied that the connection
will not at the time of making the connection cause a leakage from that installation or
apparatus of a magnitude detrimental to safety.
19. IE Rule 49: Leakage on Consumer’s Premises:
If the inspector or any authorized officer appointed to assist the inspector believe that
there is leakage which is likely to affect injuriously the use of energy by the supplier or
by other persons, or which is likely to cause danger, he may give the consumer
reasonable notice in writing that he desires to inspect and test the consumer’s installation.
20. IE Rule 50: Supply and Use of Energy:
The energy shall not be supplied, transformed, converted or used or continued to be sup-
plied, transformed, converted or used unless provisions as set out.
21. IE Rule 54: Declared Voltage of Supply to Consumers:
Except with the written consent of the consumer or with the previous sanction of the
State Government a supplier shall not permit the voltage at the point of commencement
of supply as defined to vary from the declared voltage by more than 6%.
22. IE Rule 55: Declared Frequency of Supply to Consumer:
Except with the written consent of the consumer or with the previous sanction of the
State Government a supplier shall not permit the frequency of an alternating current
supply to vary from the declared frequency by more than 3 per cent.
23. IE Rule 61: Connection with Earth:
No person shall make connection with earth by the aid of, nor shall he keep it in contact
with, any water main not belonging to him except with the consent of the owner thereof
and of the Inspector.
OR Equivalent Answer/Points
b) Explain the suitability of tungsten as an electrical conducting material for heating
applications with respect to its electrical and mechanical properties.
Ans:
Suitability of Tungsten as an Electrical Conducting Material for Heating Applications
w. r. t. its Electrical and Mechanical Properties:
Following electrical and mechanical properties ensures tungsten as an electrical conducting
material for heating applications:
1. Tungsten is an excellent thermal conductor. This means it can transmit heat energy
throughout its whole structure.
2. Use a particular material for heating element is a function of the temperature range and 1 Mark for
conditions the material can tolerate, Temperatures up to 2,800°C can be obtained in the each of any
high-temperature furnace with tungsten, which has a melting point of 3,400°C. four
3. Tungsten is dimensionally stable, creep-resistant, and robust. properties
4. Tungsten has a durability of up to five times higher than that of other materials. = 4 Marks
5. Tungsten has the highest melting point of any metal in its purest state (3422°C).
6. The density of tungsten is among the highest of all metals.
Page 6 of 21
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Electrical Materials and Wiring Practice 22328: EMW
7. Tungsten has the lowest thermal expansion coefficient. This gives it the advantage of
increased stability at high heat.
8. Due to its high corrosion resistance, tungsten can be used both indoors and outdoors in a
variety of corrosive conditions.
9. Tungsten has electrical conductivity at 0°C is about 28% of that of silver, which itself has
the highest conductivity, and its coefficient of thermal expansion is the lowest of all
metals.
10. Tungsten features the lowest vapour pressure of all metals, very high moduli of
compression and elasticity, very high thermal creep resistance.
11. Tungsten features with high tensile strengths in its thinnest form.
12. Tungsten is the most important metal for thermo-emission applications, not only because
of its high electron emissivity but also because of its high thermal and chemical stability.
13. It can be drawn into very thin wires for making filaments.
14. Pure tungsten can, however, be made ductile by mechanical working at high
temperatures and can then be drawn into very fine wire.
OR Equivalent Answer/Points
c) Give detail classification of insulating material as per thermal strength.
Ans:
Classification of Insulating Material as per Thermal Strength:

Class Limiting Materials

temperature °C
Y 90 Cotton, silk, paper, press board, vulcanized fiber, wood,
cellulose- fiber, PVC, VIR etc. without impregnating
4 Marks
substance.
(At least two
A 105 Cotton, silk, paper, press board, vulcanized fiber, wood, examples for
with impregnated varnish or insulation oil. each class)
E 120 Superior wire enamels based on polyvinyl ferrul or
epoxy resins, moudling with cellulose fibers, cotton
fabric and paper laminates.
B 130 Glass fiber, asbestos, mica, varnished glass fiber textile,
built up mica.
F 155 adhesives, silicone, alkyd-resin, varnish of higher
thermal endurance and Glass fiber, asbestos, varnished
glass fiber textile, built up mica.
H 180 Combination of materials such as mica, glass, fiber,
asbestos, with suitable high resistive bonding
material like silicon.
C Above 180 Porcelain, ceramics, glass quartz, asbestos, treated glass
fiber or treated asbestos. etc.
OR Equivalent Answer
d) Compare PVC conduit wiring with casing capping wiring. (Any four points).
Ans:
(NOTE: As there are two types of casing capping wiring - PVC casing capping wiring
and Wooden casing capping wiring, the marks may please be awarded for any one

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Electrical Materials and Wiring Practice 22328: EMW
comparison).
1) Comparison of PVC conduit wiring with PVC casing capping wiring:

Sr. Feature / Parameter PVC Conduit PVC Casing Capping

No. Wiring Wiring
1. Life Very long Fairy long
2. Cost High Medium
3. Mechanical protection Very good Fair
4. Possibility of fire Relatively very less Relatively less
5. Installation Difficult Relatively less difficult 1 Mark for
6. Repair Difficult Slightly difficult each of any
7. Popularity Very high Fair four points
8. Type of Skill Highly Skilled Skilled = 4 Marks
9. Appearance Better Best
10.Expansion Relatively difficult Relatively easy
OR
2) Comparison of PVC conduit wiring with Wooden casing capping wiring:

Sr. Feature / Parameter PVC Conduit Wooden Casing Capping

No. Wiring Wiring
1. Life Very long Fairy long
2. Cost High Very high
3. Mechanical protection Fairly good Fairly good
4. Possibility of fire Relatively less Relatively more
5. Installation Difficult Very difficult
6. Repair Difficult Very difficult
7. Popularity Very High Not so popular at present
8. Type of Skill Skilled Highly Skilled
9. Appearance Better Good
10.Expansion Relatively difficult Very difficult
OR Equivalent Answer
3. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 Marks
a) Draw and state use of following wiring tools:
i) Combination plier
ii) Series test lamp
iii) Wire striper
iv) Crimping tools.
Ans:
1) Combination Plier:
1. Gripping.
2. Compressing. ½ Mark for
3. Bending. any one use
4. Twisting.
5. Extracting.
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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Electrical Materials and Wiring Practice 22328: EMW
6. Cutting various materials / wires.
7. Making joints of electric wires and cables.

½ Mark for
diagram

2) Series test lamp:

1. Series test lamp is used to check three phase supply.
2. Series test lamp is used to check single phase supply.
½ Mark for
3. Series test lamp is used to detect open circuit in wiring / winding etc.
any one use
4. Series test lamp is used to check the continuity of wire bundle / cable etc.
5. Series test lamp is used for verification of supply voltage.

½ Mark for
OR diagram
3) Wire Striper:
1. A wire stripper is used to remove the insulation from electric wires.
2. A wire stripper can also be used for cutting wires. ½ Mark for
any one use

½ Mark for
diagram

4) Crimping Tools:
1. A crimping tool is the tool used to deform the material and create the connection. ½ Mark for
2. Crimping is commonly used in electrical work, to attach wires together or wire to any one use
other connectors.

½ Mark for
diagram

OR Equivalent Answer /Diagram

b) State four reasons for failure of gaseous and solid dielectric materials.
Page 9 of 21
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Electrical Materials and Wiring Practice 22328: EMW
Ans:
Reasons for Failure of Gaseous Dielectric Materials:
1. Distance between electrodes:
If distance between two electrodes is decreased, where the gas is utilized as insulating
media then breakdown voltage decreases and ultimately causes the failure of gaseous
dielectric materials. ½ Mark for
2. Shape of electrode: each of any
If shape of electrode gives non uniform field, breakdown voltage reduces due to increase four points
in electric field intensity near the small electrode and causes the failure of gaseous = 2 Marks
dielectric materials.
3. Temperature:
The increase in temperature, increases thermal energy which causes easy electron
liberation and easy collision and hence breakdown voltage will reduce and causes the
failure of gaseous dielectric materials.
4. Pressure:
As per Paschen's law, increase or decrease in pressure leads to increase in breakdown
voltage of gaseous dielectric materials.
5. Applied Voltage:
The dielectric breakdown of gaseous dielectric materials depends upon the magnitude of
applied voltage, rate of rise of applied voltage, nature (ac / dc) of voltage.
6. Nature of Gas:
The dielectric breakdown of gaseous dielectric materials depends upon the nature of gas
itself i.e., its own resistivity. Low resistivity causes the failure of gaseous dielectric
materials.
7. Humidity:
High humidity forms conducting paths in gaseous dielectric materials leads for its
dielectric failure.
8. Dust and Moisture:
Dust and moisture forms conducting paths in gaseous dielectric materials leads for its
dielectric failure.
Reasons for Failure of Solid Dielectric Materials:
1. Intrinsic breakdown.
2. Elecro-mechanical breakdown. ½ Mark for
3. Thermal breakdown: each of any
4. Chemical and electrochemical deterioration of insulating material. four points
5. Breakdown due to treeing and tracking. = 2 Marks
6. Breakdown due to internal discharges.
7. High-voltage polarization.
8. Defect formation.
9. Application of high voltage continuously.
10. Large dielectric loss.
OR Equivalent Answer / points
c) Draw a neat circuit diagram for the staircase wiring and write truth table for lamp status for
different positions of switches.
Ans:
Staircase Wiring:
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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Electrical Materials and Wiring Practice 22328: EMW

2 Marks for
diagram

Truth Table for Lamp Status for Different Positions of Switches:

Switch-1 (S1) Switch-2 (S2) Lamp Position

0 = OFF 0 = OFF 1 = ON
2 Marks for
0 = OFF 1 = ON 0 = OFF truth table
1 = ON 0 = OFF 0 = OFF
1 = ON 1 = ON 1 = ON
OR Equivalent Answer
d) Explain the use of following safety accessories:
i) Rubber Hand Gloves
ii) Rubber Mats
iii) Rubber Foot Wear
iv) Safety boots
Ans:
1) Uses of Rubber Hand Gloves:
In any scenario where a worker may encounter energized electrical equipment, maintenance
technicians and electricians often uses electrical rubber gloves of correct rating for safety
when working in any of the following fields:
 Utilities and public works
 Automotive services 1 Mark for
 Electrical maintenance any one
 Elevator installation and repair
 Electrical field services
 On line testing and measurements.
 Operations of electrical equipment / machines / switch gears etc. in substations, power
stations, receiving stations etc.
2) Uses of Rubber Mats:
Rubber mats are used for insulation purposes in the following applications: 1 Mark for
 Panel boards.
any one
 AC plant rooms.
 Power transformer rooms.
 LT & HT labs.
 Generator rooms.

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Electrical Materials and Wiring Practice 22328: EMW

All kinds of electrical substations.

Lift machine rooms.

Electrical panels.

Around bus bars.
3) Uses of Rubber Foot Wear:
Rubber foot wear provide electrical protection according to their insulating property levels
1 Mark for
and are used in the following applications:
any one
 Power generation and distribution.
 Electrified transport systems such as the railways
 Utility companies who run the risk of cutting / laying electric cables.
 Power sub-stations were the current can jump distances.
 Wind farms.
 Electric and hybrid vehicle construction, maintenance and recovery.
 Rubber boots are used for working on live electrical power systems.
 Rubber boots are used while carrying out earthing testing and measurement on
substations and overhead lines.
4) Use of Safety Boots:
Using safety boots at workplace, especially for people working in heavy industries like
construction, mining, etc., provides protection and are used in the following applications:
 Protection from heavy falling objects. 1 Mark for
 Protection from sharp objects. any one
 Protection from electrical shock.
 Protection from accidental falls or slips.
 Protection from fatigue.
 Protection from the weather.
 Protection from any mechanical injury.
OR Equivalent Answer
4. Attempt any THREE of the following: 12 Marks
a) Explain use of following wiring components:
i) Fuse
ii) MCB
iii) Lamp Holder
iv) Distribution Box
Ans:
1) Use of Fuse:
 The primary use of an electric fuse is to protect electrical equipment from excessive
current and to protect from short circuits or mismatched loads. 1 Mark for
 Fuses are used as safety measures to prevent any safety hazards to humans. any one
 Fuses are used to keep the excessive current from continuing down the circuit to more
expensive equipment.
 Fuses are used to help the control systems more effective.
 Fuses are used to avoid electrical fires.
 Fuses are used to protect the installation from damage.
2) Use of MCB:
 MCB is used for safety and efficient functioning of electric machines.
Page 12 of 21
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Electrical Materials and Wiring Practice 22328: EMW
 MCBs are used for effective distribution of electricity across all your lighting systems
in the house.
 MCB is used to safeguard residential installation from electrical overload. 1 Mark for
 MCB assists in maintaining the safety and quality of light bulbs. any one
 MCB ensures equal distribution of electrical energy in all devices.
 MCBs as an effective safety mechanism in large-scale and small-scale industries
against overload and short circuit faults.
 MCB is used in most electrical appliances that are used for industrial or domestic
purposes.
 In domestic usage, appliances like lights, heaters, and fans require MCB to constantly
check and protect the connection.
 MCB is used for safety and protection of machine as well as to the operators.
 MCBs are used to protect the installation from damage.
 MCBs are used to avoid electrical fires.
3) Use of Lamp Holder:
 Lamp holders are mechanical devices that support lamps and connect them to 1 Mark for
electrical circuits. any one
 Lamp holders hold light bulbs and make electrical contact to provide a bulb with
power.
 Lamp holders are used with light sources for incandescent, fluorescent, and compact
fluorescent lamps (CFL).
 Lamp holders with bulb are used as test lamp for testing / checking the electric circuit.
4) Use of Distribution Box:
 Distribution box is used to distribute and control the electrical supply to different
sections of house.
 Distribution box arranges the electrical distribution into a subsidiary or miniature 1 Mark for
circuits. any one
 Distribution box provides isolation between appliances / equipment and allow them to
work parallel.
 Distribution box ensures failure in one part do not affect the functioning of the other.
 The distribution box serves as the load centre and distributor of electrical power.
 Distribution box provides protective fuse or circuit breaker for each circuit.
 A distribution box houses all the contact breakers, earth leakage units, doorbells, and
timers.
 A distribution box acts as a link between supply and load.
OR Equivalent Answer
b) Draw magnetisation curve for a ferromagnetic material and label its main region with its
meaning.
Ans:
Magnetisation Curve for a Ferromagnetic Material:
Magnetisation / B-H curve:
The B-H curve or magnetisation curve indicates the manner in which the magnetic flux
density (B) varies with magnetising force (H). The above figure shows the general shape of
B-H curve of a ferromagnetic material.

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Electrical Materials and Wiring Practice 22328: EMW
As µr = B / µ0H, flux density (B) and field intensity (H) are 2 Marks for
depending upon µr. But µr is not constant. Now consider the diagram
figure, when H = 0, B =0 hence the graph starts from
origin. As µr gets varied with flux density itself, the shape
of curve is slightly concave up for low flux densities
(portion OA) and exhibits a straight-line character 2 Marks for
(portion AC) for medium flux densities. Here µr is almost meaning of
constant. For higher flux densities, the curve concave regions
down, now any further increase in H does not increases B
and the curve is almost flat, the material is said to in
saturation condition.
OR
Hysteresis Loop:
Main Regions of Magnetisation Curve for a
Ferromagnetic Material with its Meaning:
Looking at the graph, if magnetic flux density (B) is
measured for various values of magnetic field strength (H)
and if the results are plotted in graphic forms, then the graph
will show a hysteresis loop, the meaning of regions are as:
 The magnetic flux density (B) is increased when the
magnetic field strength (H) is increased from 0 (zero).
 With increasing the magnetic field there is an increase in the value of magnetism and
finally reaches point A which is called saturation point where B is constant.
 With a decrease in the value of the magnetic field, there is a decrease in the value of
magnetism. But at B and H are equal to zero, substance or material retains some amount of
magnetism is called retentivity or residual magnetism.
 When there is a decrease in the magnetic field towards the negative side, magnetism also
decreases. At point C the substance is completely demagnetized.
 The force required to remove retentivity of the material is known as Coercive force (C).
 In the opposite direction, the cycle is continued where the saturation point is D, retentivity
point is E and coercive force is F.
OR Equivalent Answer
c) Select the suitable conducting material for following application with justification:
i) Electric lamp coil
ii) Rheostat
iii) Fuse
iv) Rotor bars of squirrel cage induction motor
Ans:
1) Suitable Conducting Material for Electric Lamp Coil:
Electric lamp coil uses heat generated by resistance of the filament coil. To create light in ½ Mark for
the white-yellow range the filament will need to reach temperatures of 2700K-3000K. material and
High temperatures mean increased resistance which implies increased heating and then ½ Mark for
irradiation. The photons emitted at these temperatures fall under the wavelength of its suitability
yellowish-white light. Tungsten has a melting point at around 3400K, which is higher than = 1 Mark
any metal in pure form. And owing to its low thermal expansion, tungsten is able to
maintain its form even when temperatures change drastically. This is why tungsten is used
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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Electrical Materials and Wiring Practice 22328: EMW
in the filaments of light bulbs.
2) Suitable Conducting Material for Rheostat:
Constantan (an alloy of copper-nickel) and manganin (an alloy of copper, magnesium, and ½ Mark for
copper) are used to make rheostat wire. material and
As constantan and manganin have a constant value of resistivity over a wide range of ½ Mark for
temperatures, they are chosen for rheostat wire. its suitability
3) Suitable Conducting Material for Fuse: = 1 Mark
The fuse element is made up of materials having the following properties:
 Low melting point, low ohmic loss, high conductivity, free from deterioration due to ½ Mark for
oxidation and should be of low cost. any material
 Metal, tin, copper, silver are generally used as fuse element which have the above and ½ Mark
properties. for its
 For small currents up to 10A, tin or an alloy of lead (37%) and tin (63%) is used as fuse suitability
element. = 1 Mark
 For larger currents, copper or silver is used. Zinc is good for use when is there is a
time-lag is requited. It doesn’t melt very quickly with a small overcurrent.
4) Suitable Conducting Material for Rotor bars of Squirrel Cage Induction Motor:
 The use of copper as the conductor of induction motor rotors would typically lead to
improvements in efficiency, relative to motors using aluminum. This is often done in ½ Mark for
large motors in which squirrel cages are fabricated from bars of material brazed to end any material
rings. and ½ Mark
 The use of aluminum bars as the conductor of induction motor rotors is made for small
for its
capacity motors. suitability
 The copper and aluminum are the very good conductors of electricity hence they are
= 1 Mark
used.
d) Describe with a neat sketch laying of underground cable by drawing in method.
Ans:
Laying of Underground Cable by Drawing in Method:
2 Marks for
diagram

In this method, conduit or duct of glazed stone or cast iron or concrete are laid in the ground with
manholes at suitable positions along cable route. The cables are then pulled into positions from 2 Marks for
manholes. Figure shows section through four-way underground duct line. Care must be taken that description
where the duct line changes direction, depths, dips and offsets be made with a very long radius or
it will be difficult to pull a large cable between the manholes. The distance between the manholes
should not be too long so as to simplicity for the pulling of the cables. The cables to be laid in this
way must be provided with Serving of hessian and jute in order to protect them when being
pulled into the ducts.

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Electrical Materials and Wiring Practice 22328: EMW
e) Draw a neat connection diagram to measure earth resistance of an earthing pit and write the
procedure for the same.
Ans:
Measurement Earth Resistance of an Earthing Pit:
The measurement of earth resistance is made by the potential
fall method. The resistance area of the earth electrode is the 2 Marks for
area of the soil around which a voltage gradient is measured diagram
with a commercial instrument. In the figure shown below E
is the earth electrode under rest, and A is an auxiliary earth
electrode positioned so that two resistance areas do not
overlap. B is the second auxiliary electrode which is placed
between E and A.
An alternating current of steady state value passes through
the earth path from E to A and the voltage drop between E
and B is measured.

2 Marks for
procedure /
description
The electrode B is moved from position B1 and B2 respectively so that the resistance area do
not overlap. If resistance values determined are of approximately the same in all three cases,
the mean of three readings can be taken as the earth resistance of the earth electrode.
The auxiliary earth electrode A must be driven in at a point further away from E & the above
test repeated until the group of three readings obtained are in good agreement. The alternating
current source is used to eliminate the electrolytic effect.
OR Equivalent Answer
5 Attempt any TWO of the following: 12 Marks
5 a) Draw hysteresis loop for:
i) Hard steel
ii) Wrought iron
iii) Copper
iv) Wood
Ans:
Hysteresis loop for (a) Hard Steel and (b) Wrought Iron:

1.5 Marks for

each diagram
= 6 Marks

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Electrical Materials and Wiring Practice 22328: EMW
Hysteresis Loop for Copper (non-magnetic):

Hysteresis loop for Wood (non-magnetic):

5 b) Write two examples and two applications for each of the following insulating material
classes:
i) Class Y
ii) Class B
iii) Class H
Ans:
Examples and Applications of Insulating Material:
Class Examples Applications
Class Y Cotton 1. Papers, silks and cottons are used in the
Silk manufacture of telephone cables, capacitors and
Paper slot wedges.
Press board 2. Impregnated papers are used as spacer between HV
Vulcanized fiber and LV winding in transformer, in capacitors, in 2 Marks for
Wood cables and slot wedges as insulation. two examples
Cellulose- fiber 3. Pressboard can be used for making slot wedges for and two
PVC stator and rotor core stacks, as separator in applications
VIR etc. transformer winding, for making slot lining etc. of each class
All above without = 6 Marks
impregnating
substance
Class B Glass fiber 1. Class B type insulating materials are useful in high
Asbestos voltage applications, because of their ability to
Mica withstand higher temperatures.
Varnished glass-fiber 2. They are used as insulating material in converters,
Built-up mica transformers and other power electronics devices.
Bakelite 3. Mica as insulating material is used in capacitors,
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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Electrical Materials and Wiring Practice 22328: EMW
radio tubes, spark plugs, commutator segments,
taping of armature, stator and field coils.
4. Asbestos as insulating material is used in wires,
cables, coil windings, end turn insulation in
generators and motors, switches etc.
Class H Combination of 1. Class H type insulating materials are useful in
materials such as; heating devices such as oven, iron, geyser etc.
Mica 2. Mica as insulating material is used in line
Glass-fiber insulators, bushings, appliances, fuse bodies etc.
Asbestos with suitable 3. Silicon resin is used as insulating varnish to
high resistive bonding various windings.
material like silicon.
OR Equivalent Answer
5 c) Draw & explain plate earthing. State value of earth resistance for:
i) Power station
ii) Residential installation
iii) H. T. line
iv) Distribution substation
Ans:
Plate Earthing:
The earthing system, where a copper or galvanized iron plate is used to connect all earthing
conductors to the earth is called Plate Earthing. Generally, the plate is placed vertically at a 2 Marks for
depth not less than three meters or 10 feet from the ground level. And all the earthing explanation
conductors are connected to the plate.
Plate Earthing Procedure:
1. The size or dimension of
the plate used in plate
earthing is 60cm (H) x
60cm (W) x 3.18mm (D)
for copper plate and 60cm
(H) x 60cm (W) x 6.35mm
(D) for the galvanized iron
plate.
2. Place the earthing plate 2 Marks for
vertically at a depth of diagram
below 3 meters from the
ground level.
3. Use a 12.5 mm diameter
pipe to lay the earthing
conductors through it.
4. Use a 190mm diameter pipe
to connect the funnel and
earthing plate.
5. Put the coal, sand, and salt around the earthing plate. After that fill the top with black soil.
6. At last, put the water to the earthing to increase the conductivity.

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Electrical Materials and Wiring Practice 22328: EMW
Value of Earth Resistance:
Application Value of Earth resistance ½ Mark for
Power Station Up to 0.5 ohm each
Residential installation In range 5 ohms to 8 ohms = 2 Marks
H. T. Line In range 1 ohm to 2 ohms
Distribution substation Up to 2 ohms
OR Equivalent Answer
6 Attempt any TWO of the following: 12 Marks
6 a) Explain the factors on which earth resistance depends.
Ans:
Factors on Which Earth Resistance Depends:
1) Depth of Electrode Embedded in the Earth:
More is the depth of electrode embedded in the earth better is the value of earth resistance as
its more surface is likely in contact with earth.
2) Size of Earth Electrode:
More is the size of electrode, lesser is the value of earth resistance.
3) Length of Earth Electrode in the Earth:
1 Mark for
More is the length of electrode in contact with earth, lesser is the value of earth resistance. each of any
4) Number of electrodes: six points
More is the number of electrodes in contact with earth, lesser is the value of earth resistance. = 6 Marks
5) Material of Earth Electrode:
Earth electrode of good conductivity with better mechanical strength will provide good
earthing for longer time.
6) Soil Condition:
The condition of soil plays a key role in determining the efficacy of earthing. Resistance of
the earth, the salt and the moisture level are the factors affects the resistance of earthing. For
example, earthing in rocky soil is different from earthing in wet soil.
7) Soil Resistivity:
Different conditions of soil provide different kinds of soil resistivity. The resistivity value of
soil will be extremely high if the soil is dry and if the soil has high resistivity, then the
electrode’s earth resistance will be high.
8) Dissolved Salt:
Soil resistivity depends on water resistivity which then depends on the quantity as well as
nature of salts that are dissolved in it more the content of salt, less is earth resistance.
9) Moisture in Soil:
It is very important to provide water in the earth and around it for maintaining moisture in a
dry climate for low earthing resistance.
10)Location of Earth Pit:
The location where the earthing is done is also of great value. In case the earthing is to be
done for a sloping landscape, hilly areas & rocky areas, water runs off for obtaining low earth
resistance.
11) Climate Conditions:
The climate condition also affects the earthing resistance, in rainy season one can get less
earth resistance easily but for summer season for same conditions earth resistance gets
increased.

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Electrical Materials and Wiring Practice 22328: EMW
OR Equivalent Answer / Points
6 b) Explain Godown wiring with proper wiring diagram.
Ans:
Godown Wiring:
Godown wiring circuit is needed in tunnel like structures, warehouses, long passages, big
godowns having lots of rooms and different portions.
It is the best option to save electricity and energy consumption where only one load i.e. light
bulb can be operate at a time.
In this wiring installation, three lamps are controlled by using one SPST (Single pole single 3 Marks for
throw or single way) and two SPDT (Single pole double throw or two way) switches. explanation
It is a circuit with linear sequence of switching i.e. When a person enters the first room or
portion, all lighting points are switched OFF as the first SPST switch is at OFF position.
Working / Operation While Entering:
 While entering, switch ON the SPST, then first lamp will be turned ON.
 Then switch ON the first SPDT, the second lamp will be turned ON and the previous lamp
gets switched OFF.
 Lastly switch ON the second SPDT, the third lamp will be turned ON and the previous
(second one) lamp gets switched OFF.
Working / Operation While Leaving:
 Switch OFF the last lamp i.e. second SPDT, the second lamp get switched ON and third
lamp get switched OFF and so on until he reaches to the first SPST switch and the whole
circuit can be switched OFF by turning it OFF.
One can use many switches and lamps according to requirement while following the godown
wiring schematic diagram.

3 Marks for
diagram

OR Equivalent Answer
6 c) State any two each of electrical, mechanical and thermal properties of asbestos and porcelain.
Ans:
Electrical, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Asbestos and Porcelain:
Properties Asbestos Porcelain

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
WINTER – 2022 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Subject Name: Electrical Materials and Wiring Practice 22328: EMW
Electrical a) Dielectric Constant 10- 75. a) Dielectric Constant 5-7
b) Dielectric Strength 4-14 kV/mm. b) Dielectric Strength 15 kV/mm
c) Resistivity: 1010 - 1012 c) Resistivity: 1013 ohm-cm at 3 Marks for
d) Used for low voltage applications. room temperature to about 1014 two electrical,
ohm-cm at 1200°C. two
d) Used for high voltage mechanical
applications. and two
e) Low permeability. thermal
Mechanical a) Tensile strength: 0.24- 0.64 kg/cm2 a) Tensile strength: 200-400 properties of
x 10-3 kg/cm2 Asbestos.
b) Compressive strength: 1-2.5 b) Compressive strength: 3000 kg.
kg/cm2 x 10-3 per cm2
c) Water absorption: 0.1 – 0.5 % c) Water absorption: 0.5 %
d) Capability to be woven like fabric d) Low elasticity.
that make them useful in many e) Low porosity. 3 Marks for
commercial products. f) High durability. two electrical,
e) It can be one of any number of two
colours. mechanical
f) It is water resistant. and two
g) It is highly toxic. thermal
properties of
Thermal a) Temperature withstand capacity up a) Temperature withstand capacity Porcelain
to 4000C up to 10000C
b) Highly fire-resistant b) High resistance thermal shock.

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