Question 1

A reaction with a delta G of zero: a. Translation

b. Replication
a. Requires energy c. Transcription
b. Is at equilibrium d. Ubiquitination
c. Is spontaneous
d. None of the above Question 9
The strongest bonds that are present in biochemical
Question 2 compounds are ______________.
A solution with a pH of 5 is:
a. Ionic bonds
a. Acidic b. Covalent bonds
b. Basic c. Hydrogen bonds
c. Neutral d. Van der Waals interactions
d. None of the above
Question 10
Question 3 A chiral compound _________________.
Alcohols contain a _________ group.
a. Is non-superimposable on its mirror image
a. Hydroxyl b. Is the same as its mirror image
b. Sulfur c. Is inorganic
c. Phenol d. Contains a sulfur atom
d. None of the above
Question 11
Question 4 A zwitterion ________________.
Biologically important noncovalent bonds include:
a. Has a positive charge
a. Van der Waals interactions b. Has a negative charge
b. Hydrogen bonds c. Overall, has no charge
c. Electrostatic interactions d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Question 12
Question 5 All amino acids contain both a(n) ______ and a(n) ________
Entropy is ______________. group.

a. The degree of disorder of a system a. Hydrogen, carbohydrate

b. The degree of energy of a system b. Amine, carboxylic acid
c. A type of noncovalent bond c. Sulfur, amine
d. A type of covalent bond d. None of the above

Question 6 Question 13
The DNA of a eukaryotic cell is stored within the Essential amino acids:
_____________.
a. Are made by organisms
a. Lysosome b. Must be obtained from dietary sources
b. Nucleus c. Are made from DNA
c. Ribosome d. Include proline
d. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Question 14
Question 7 The first reaction of amino acid degradation is?
The term "kinetics" refers to:
a. Deamination
a. The energy required for a reaction b. Decarboxylation
b. The disorder of a system c. Cyclization
c. The speed at which a reaction will occur d. None of the above
d. The pH of a solution Question 15
The only amino acid without a chiral center is _____________.

Question 8 a. Proline
______ is the process by which the information in DNA is b. Methionine
transferred to RNA. c. Alanine
 d. Glycine Protein synthesis is carried out by __________.

Question 16 a. Mitochondria
There are ______ common amino acids. b. Chromosomes
c. Ribosomes
a. 15 d. Lysosomes
b. 25
c. 20 Question 24
d. 10 The amino acid _______ places certain constraints on the
protein backbone.
Question 17
______ is the initiating amino acid of most newly a. Leucine
synthesized proteins. b. Alanine
c. Proline
a. Proline d. Glycine
b. Alanine
c. Glycine Question 25
d. Methionine The difference between a peptide and a protein is
____________.
Question 18
_____________ is an example of a hydrophilic amino acid. a. Length
b. Bond formation
a. Lysine c. Subunits
b. Leucine d. All of the above
c. Methionine
d. Tryptophan Question 26
The formation of a dimer refers to a protein's ___________.
Question 19
_____________ is an example of a hydrophobic amino acid. a. Primary structure
b. Tertiary structure
a. Glutamic acid c. Secondary structure
b. Lysine d. None of the above
c. Arginine
d. Leucine Question 27
The tertiary structure of a protein refers to its __________.
Question 20
Nonessential amino acids are: a. Overall 3D shape
b. Multisubunit composition
a. Provided in the diet c. Amino acid sequence
b. Synthesized by mammals d. None of the above
c. Both A and B
d. None of the above Question 28
The ______ carries out protein degradation.
Question 21
A(n) _________ is a short protein tag that attaches to and a. Proteosome
targets proteins for degradation. b. Lysosome
c. Ribosome
a. Peptide d. Chromosome
b. Ubiquitin
c. Alanine Question 29
d. Urea ________ aid in protein folding.

Question 22 a. Chromosomes
Protein secondary structures include: b. Chaperones
c. Proteosome
a. Loops d. None of the above
b. alpha helices
c. beta sheets Question 30
d. All of the above Amino acids are linked by a(n) _______ bond to form a
protein.
Question 23
 a. Hydrophobic d. All of the above
b. Peptide
c. Ionic Question 37
d. All of the above _______ are derived from vitamins and are necessary for the
function of some enzymes.
Question 31
Each of the following is one of the six classes of enzyme a. Helicases
catalysts, except: b. Cofactors
c. Carbohydrates
a. Ligases d. None of the above
b. Kinases
c. Transferases Question 38
d. Isomerases ________ is an example of a post translational modification of
a protein.
Question 32
Enzymes within metabolic pathways can be regulated by a. Acetylation
____________. b. Phosphorylation
c. Ubiquitination
a. Allosteric enzymes d. All of the above
b. Post translational modifications
c. Localization Question 39
d. All of the above Enzymes act as catalysts to ___________________.

Question 33 a. Decrease the activation energy of a reaction

In competitive inhibition, the competitor binds to b. Increase the rate of a reaction
________________. c. Mediate the conversion of substrate to product
d. All of the above
a. The substrate
b. The substrate binding site Question 40
c. Distant to the substrate binding site An important product of glycolysis is ____________.
d. None of the above
a. Glucose
Question 34 b. ATP
kcat refers to _________________. c. Lectins
d. Both A and B
a. The maximum rate at which an enzyme can
convert substrate to product Question 41
b. The maximum amount of product produced in a Carbohydrates are also known as ____________.
reaction
c. The free energy of a reaction a. Sugars
d. None of the above b. Starches
c. Fats
d. A and B
Question 42
Carbohydrates are commonly used as ___________.

Question 35 a. A source of energy

Kinases are enzymes that add a(n) _____ group to proteins. b. An amino acid source
c. A source of nitrogen
a. Hydrogen d. None of the above
b. Nitrogen
c. Phosphoryl Question 43
d. Alcohol Disaccharides are formed by ______________.

Question 36 a. The condensation of two monosaccharides

The rate of an enzymatic reaction can be regulated by b. Hydrolysis of a polysaccharide
__________. c. Both A and B
d. Neither A or B
a. pH
b. Temperature Question 44
c. Concentration
In animals, the process of gluconeogenesis occurs in the Both DNA and RNA are composed of three important parts,
__________. which are:

a. Fat a. Glucose, side chains, phosphate group

b. Liver b. Nitrogenouse base, phosphate group, sugar
c. Spleen c. Nitrogenous base, peptide bond, lipid
d. Gall bladder d. Phosphate group, sugar, side chain

Question 45 Question 52
Lectins are ____________. Cytosine makes _______ with guanine when base paired in
DNA.
a. DNA binding proteins
b. Lipid binding proteins a. Three hydrogen bonds
c. Carbohydrate binding proteins b. Two hydrogen bonds
d. None of the above c. Three peptide bonds
d. Three covalent bonds
Question 46
Protein glycosylation takes place in the ____________. Question 53
DNA is synthesized in a _____ direction.
a. Nucleus
b. Cell membrane a. 3' to 5'
c. Golgi apparatus b. 5' to 3'
d. Lysosome c. Top to bottom
d. Left to right
Question 47
Starch is an example of a ___________. Question 54
Double stranded DNA takes on a __________ structure.
a. Monosaccharide
b. Disaccharide a. Beta sheet
c. Polysaccharide b. Looped
d. Trisaccharide c. Double helix
d. A-form helix
Question 48
Sucrose, aka table sugar, is composed of ____________. Question 55
In the cell, _____ is used as energy currency.
a. Glucose
b. Fructose a. UTP
c. Both A and B b. Fat
d. Neither A or B c. ATP
d. AMP
Question 56
Question 49 The correct pairing of bases in DNA is __________.
Fischer projections convey useful information about
_____________. a. A-G; C-T
b. A-C; G-T
a. Electron positions c. A-T; C-G
b. 3D structural positioning d. A-U; C-G
c. Resonance
d. Bond lengths Question 57
The DNA chromosome of bacteria consists of ___________.
Question 50
ATP facilitates the occurrence of energetically unfavorable a. A circular double stranded DNA
reactions via ___________. b. A circular single stranded DNA
c. A linear double stranded DNA
a. Phosphoryl transfer d. A linear single stranded DNA
b. Energy coupling
c. ATP to ADP conversion Question 58
d. All of the above What is the base that is used by RNA but not DNA?

Question 51 a. Guanine
b. Uracil
 c. Thymine d. All of the above
d. Cytosine
Question 66
Question 59 The difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty
What type of base is adenine? acids is ______________.

a. Purine a. The number of hydrocarbon chains

b. Pyrimidine b. The length of the hydrocarbon chain
c. Both A and B c. The presence of single or double bonds in the
d. Neither A and B hydrocarbon chain
d. All of the above
Question 60
The sugar used in RNA is ____________. Question 67
The fluidity of the cell membrane is determined by
a. Deoxyribose ___________.
b. Dideoxyribose
c. Ribose a. The lipid content
d. Glucose b. The amount of cholesterol present
c. The number of saturated and unsaturated fatty
Question 61 acids present
Fatty acids contain ________________. d. All of the above

a. A carboxyl group and hydrocarbon chain Question 68

b. A phosphate group and hydrocarbon chain Triacylglycerol is composed of ___________.
c. A sugar group and hydrocarbon chain
d. Only a hydrocarbon chain a. Glycerol and fatty acids
b. Glycerol and long chain alcohols
Question 62 c. Glycerol and cholesterol
Glycerolphospholipids create a double layer lipid d. None of the above
membrane, such as the cell membrane, because of
_____________.

a. Their high energy phospho group

b. Their hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
c. Their unsaturated tails
d. Their ability to covalently bond to each other Question 69
Which of the following are composed of lipids?

Question 63 a. Waxes
Lipids are the starting material of important biological b. Cholesterol
molecules, including ___________. c. Triacylglecerols
d. All of the above
a. Steroids
b. DNA Question 70
c. Carbohydrates Glycolysis gives a net yield of __________.
d. All of the above
a. 8 moles ATP per glucose
Question 64 b. 1 mole ATP per glucose
Lipids play a role in which of the following? c. 2 moles ATP per glucose
d. 3 moles ATP per glucose
a. Energy storage
b. Membrane structure Question 71
c. Cell signaling Glycolysis takes place in the _________.
d. All of the above
a. Cytosol
Question 65 b. Mitochondria
Phospholipids can be composed of _______________. c. Nucleus
d. Golgi
a. Fatty acids
b. Glycerol Question 72
c. Sphingomyelin
In the citrate cycle, energy from the oxidation of acetyl-
CoA is converted to _____________. a. True
b. False
a. 4 moles ATP, 6 moles FADH2
b. 3 moles, NADH, 1 mole FADH2, 1 mole GTP, 2 CO2 Question 80
c. 2 moles NADH, 2 moles FADH2, 2 ATP Under aerobic conditions, the pyruvate produced during
d. 1 mole NADH, 1 mole GTP, 4 CO2 glycolysis can go on to ________.

Question 73 a. The pentose pathway

Oxidative phosphorylation occurs in the _______. b. Oxidative phosphorylation
c. The urea cycle
a. Nucleus d. All of the above
b. Cytosol
c. Mitochondria Question 81
d. Cell membrane Rank the following, from highest to lowest, in terms of
energy: AMP, ATP, ADP?
Question 74
The complete oxidation of glucose to CO2 and H2O results a. ATP, ADP, AMP
in a yield of __________. b. AMP, ADP, ATP
c. ADP, ATP, AMP
a. 38 ATP/glucose d. ATP, AMP, ADP
b. 42 ATP/glucose
c. 60 ATP/glucose Question 82
d. 32 ATP/glucose A Holliday Junction structure occurs during which process?

Question 75 a. Recombination
The electron transport system links oxidation of NADH and b. Replication
FADH2 to _____________. c. Transcription
d. Translation
a. Glucose synthesis
b. Ethanol fermentation Question 83
c. ATP synthesis DNA is synthesized in a _______ direction.
d. GTP synthesis
Question 76 a. Left to right
The input and output of glycolysis is ____________. b. Top to bottom
c. 5' to 3'
a. Two molecules glucose, 6 molecules CO2 d. 3' to 5'
b. One molecule glucose, 2 molecules pyruvate
c. One molecule glucose, 4 molecules pyruvate Question 84
d. One molecule glycogen, 2 molecules pyruvate DNA replication is carried out by a ________ enzyme.

Question 77 a. Helicase
The sugar on ATP is _______________. b. Polymerase
c. Kinase
a. Deoxyribose d. Topoisomerase
b. Glucose
c. Cholesterol Question 85
d. Ribose DNA replication is semi-conservative. What does this mean?

Question 78 a. Half the total DNA is copied

The __________ is a hub of cellular metabolism because it b. Each DNA strand serves as a template during
links the oxidation of carbohydrates, fatty acids, and replication
proteins to ATP synthesis. c. Only some base pairs are altered during
replication
a. TCA/citrate cycle d. None of the above
b. Urea cycle
c. Glycolysis cycle Question 86
d. Pentose pathway DNA serves as a template for which type of RNA?

Question 79 a. mRNA
True or False: Glycolysis requires oxygen. b. rRNA
 c. tRNA d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Question 93
Question 87 Steroids act as signaling molecules by __________________.
There are three types of RNA polymerases in eukaryotic
cells. RNA polymerase I transcribes ______, RNA polymerase a. Binding to extracellular domains of receptor
II transcribes _______, and RNA polymerase III mainly molecules
transcribes _________. b. Binding to the plasma membrane
c. Binding to receptors internal to the cell
a. Introns, mRNA, rRNA d. None of the above
b. rRNA, mRNA, tRNA
c. tRNA, introns, rRNA Question 94
d. mRNA, tRNA, rRNA True or false: Ligand binding to receptors can result in
wide-spread gene expression changes via signal
Question 88 amplification.
Which of the following are post-transcriptional
modifications of RNA? a. True
b. False
a. Cap addition
b. Poly A tail addition Question 95
c. Intron removal Stimulation of a G protein coupled receptor results in
d. All of the above __________.

a. The flow of ions through the receptor

b. Phosphorylation of the receptor
c. The exchange of GDP for GTP
d. None of the above
Question 96
Question 89 ELISAs use __________, enabling the measurement of specific
_________ enzymes maintain the torsional stress of DNA. proteins in a solution.

a. Helicase a. PCR
b. Topoisomerase b. Purification
c. Kinase c. Antibodies
d. Restriction d. None of the above

Question 90 Question 97
Activation of receptor tyrosine kinases results in In a Southern blot, probes are used to _________________.
____________.
a. Hybridize to a specific sequence of DNA
a. The opening of ion channels b. Hybridize to a specific sequence of RNA
b. The phosphorylation of the receptor c. Amplify a specific piece of DNA
c. Membrane potential alterations d. Degrade a specific piece of RNA
d. The exchange of GTP for GDP
Question 98
Question 91 PCR is a valuable tool for analyzing DNA because
Intracellular pathways are altered through extracellular ___________________.
molecules binding to __________.
a. It allows for the exponential amplification of a
a. Polymerases small amount of starting material
b. Ligases b. It takes a short amount of time
c. Receptors c. The DNA sequence amplified need not be known
d. All of the above d. All of the above

Question 92 Question 99
Molecules that play an important role in cell adhesion and During SDS-PAGE, proteins are primarily separated
structure include _________. according to their _______________.

a. Integrins a. Mass
b. Cadherins b. Shape
c. Selectins c. Charge
d. All of the above
ANSWER KEY 60. C
61. A
1. B 62. B
2. A 63. A
3. A 64. D
4. D 65. D
5. A 66. C
6. B 67. D
7. C 68. A
8. C 69. D
9. B 70. C
10. A 71. A
11. D 72. B
12. B 73. C
13. B 74. D
14. A 75. C
15. D 76. B
16. C 77. D
17. D 78. A
18. A 79. B
19. D 80. B
20. C 81. A
21. B 82. A
22. D 83. C
23. C 84. B
24. C 85. B
25. A 86. D
26. D 87. B
27. A 88. D
28. A 89. B
29. B 90. B
30. B 91. C
31. B 92. D
32. D 93. C
33. B 94. A
34. A 95. C
35. C 96. C
36. D 97. A
37. B 98. D
38. D 99. A
39. D
40. B
41. D
42. A
43. C
44. B
45. C
46. C
47. C
48. C
49. B
50. D
51. B
52. A
53. B
54. C
55. C
56. C
57. A
58. B
59. A