Solved Questions on Analytic Functions
and Thomson Method
Introduction
The Thomson method is a powerful tool in complex analysis for determining whether a
function is analytic based on its real and imaginary components. By applying the Cauchy-
Riemann equations, we can determine the analytic nature of a function and, if analytic,
derive its corresponding function. Below are some solved questions that typically appear in
exam scenarios related to this topic.
Question 1:
Verify whether the function \( u(x, y) = x^2 - y^2 \) and \( v(x, y) = 2xy \) is analytic using
the Cauchy-Riemann equations.
Solution:
- Given \( u(x, y) = x^2 - y^2 \) and \( v(x, y) = 2xy \), the real and imaginary parts of the
function are defined.
Step 1: Find the partial derivatives of \( u(x, y) \) and \( v(x, y) \).
- \( \frac{\partial u}{\partial x} = 2x \), \( \frac{\partial u}{\partial y} = -2y \)
- \( \frac{\partial v}{\partial x} = 2y \), \( \frac{\partial v}{\partial y} = 2x \)
Step 2: Apply the Cauchy-Riemann equations:
1. \( \frac{\partial u}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial v}{\partial y} \)
- \( 2x = 2x \), which holds true.
2. \( \frac{\partial u}{\partial y} = -\frac{\partial v}{\partial x} \)
- \( -2y = -2y \), which also holds true.
Conclusion: Since both Cauchy-Riemann equations are satisfied, the function is analytic. The
corresponding analytic function is \( f(z) = z^2 \), where \( z = x + iy \).
Question 2:
Use the Thomson method to verify whether the function \( f(z) = e^x \cos(y) + i e^x \
sin(y) \) is analytic.
Solution:
- Given \( u(x, y) = e^x \cos(y) \) and \( v(x, y) = e^x \sin(y) \), the real and imaginary parts
are clearly defined.
Step 1: Find the partial derivatives of \( u(x, y) \) and \( v(x, y) \).
- \( \frac{\partial u}{\partial x} = e^x \cos(y) \)
- \( \frac{\partial u}{\partial y} = -e^x \sin(y) \)
- \( \frac{\partial v}{\partial x} = e^x \sin(y) \)
- \( \frac{\partial v}{\partial y} = e^x \cos(y) \)
Step 2: Apply the Cauchy-Riemann equations:
1. \( \frac{\partial u}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial v}{\partial y} \)
- \( e^x \cos(y) = e^x \cos(y) \), which holds true.
2. \( \frac{\partial u}{\partial y} = -\frac{\partial v}{\partial x} \)
- \( -e^x \sin(y) = -e^x \sin(y) \), which also holds true.
Conclusion: Since both Cauchy-Riemann equations are satisfied, the function is analytic. The
corresponding analytic function is \( f(z) = e^z \), where \( z = x + iy \).
Question 3:
Check whether the function \( u(x, y) + v(x, y) = \ln(x^2 + y^2) + 0 \cdot i \) is analytic.
Solution:
- Here, \( u(x, y) = \ln(x^2 + y^2) \) and \( v(x, y) = 0 \).
Step 1: Find the partial derivatives of \( u(x, y) \) and \( v(x, y) \).
- \( \frac{\partial u}{\partial x} = \frac{2x}{x^2 + y^2} \)
- \( \frac{\partial u}{\partial y} = \frac{2y}{x^2 + y^2} \)
- \( \frac{\partial v}{\partial x} = 0 \)
- \( \frac{\partial v}{\partial y} = 0 \)
Step 2: Apply the Cauchy-Riemann equations:
1. \( \frac{\partial u}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial v}{\partial y} \)
- \( \frac{2x}{x^2 + y^2} \neq 0 \), which does not hold.
2. \( \frac{\partial u}{\partial y} = -\frac{\partial v}{\partial x} \)
- \( \frac{2y}{x^2 + y^2} \neq 0 \), which also does not hold.
Conclusion: The Cauchy-Riemann equations are not satisfied, so the function is not analytic.
Question 4:
Given \( u(x, y) = \sin(x)\cosh(y) \) and \( v(x, y) = \cos(x)\sinh(y) \), verify if the function
is analytic.
Solution:
Step 1: Find the partial derivatives of \( u(x, y) \) and \( v(x, y) \).
- \( \frac{\partial u}{\partial x} = \cos(x)\cosh(y) \)
- \( \frac{\partial u}{\partial y} = \sin(x)\sinh(y) \)
- \( \frac{\partial v}{\partial x} = -\sin(x)\sinh(y) \)
- \( \frac{\partial v}{\partial y} = \cos(x)\cosh(y) \)
Step 2: Apply the Cauchy-Riemann equations:
1. \( \frac{\partial u}{\partial x} = \frac{\partial v}{\partial y} \)
- \( \cos(x)\cosh(y) = \cos(x)\cosh(y) \), which holds true.
2. \( \frac{\partial u}{\partial y} = -\frac{\partial v}{\partial x} \)
- \( \sin(x)\sinh(y) = \sin(x)\sinh(y) \), which also holds true.
Conclusion: Since both Cauchy-Riemann equations are satisfied, the function is analytic. The
corresponding function is \( f(z) = \sin(z) \).
