basic Ubuntu Commands
What are the basic commands of Ubuntu
This section contains some basic commands of Ubuntu, so let
us start and discuss them one by one. Firstly, you must open
the terminal in Ubuntu; press “ctrl+alt+t” from your
keyboard to open the terminal.
Command 1: pwd
This command refers to the present working directory in
which you are operating; in simpler words, in which your
terminal is open. To check PWD, execute the pwd keyword in
your terminal and hit enter; the command of PWD is written
below along with the result of that command.
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Command 2: dir
The dir command is used to print (on the terminal) all the
available directories in the present working directory:
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Command 3: ls
This command is used to list down all the directories and files
inside the present working directory (or you can give the path
of a specific directory);
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Command 4: cd
One of the most used commands of Ubuntu; you can change
the directories in the terminal using the “cd” command.
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Command 5: touch
This Ubuntu command can be used to create a new file as well
one can use it to change the timestamp of any file; the
command given below will create a new text time in pwd:
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Command 6: cat
This command is used to show the content of any file:
you can use this command to save the content of multiples
files to one file:
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Command 7: mkdir
The above-mentioned command will make a directory in your
pwd; for example, the following command will make the
directory “new” in pwd.
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Command 8: rm
This remove command is used to remove the specific file
from a directory.
you can remove the empty directory,
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Command 9: cp
The cp command will help you to copy any file or folder to
any directory.
If you want to copy the complete folder, then.
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Command 10: head
This command helps you to get the first ten lines of a text file;
for instance,
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Command 11: tail
The tail command is used to get the last ten lines of the text
file.
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Command 12: uname
You can use the command to get the release number, version
of Linux, and much more. The “-a” flag is used to get detailed
information.
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Command 13: wget
You can use the wget command to download the content from
the internet.
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Command 14: history
The history command shows the list of commands (with
numeric numbers) executed:
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Command 15: zip or unzip
To convert your files to zip archive; you can get help by using
the “gzip” command; moreover, a zipped file can be unzipped
using the “gunzip” command:
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Command 16:
clear – clear screen
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Command 17:
Time and Date commands
date – show current date and time
sleep – wait for a given number of seconds
uptime – find out how long the system has been up
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Command 18:
Unix users’ commands
These commands allow you to get basic
information about Unix users in your environment.
whoami – show your username
id – print user identity
groups – show which groups user belongs to
passwd – change user password
who – find out who is logged into the system
last – show history of logins into the system
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