6 TECHNOLOGY

AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION

(AGRICULTURE AND FISHERY ARTS)

Module 4: Propagating Trees and Fruit -bearing

Trees
Technology and Livelihood Education – Grade 6
Quarter 0 – Module 4: Propagating Trees and Fruit – Bearing
Trees

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Regional Director: GILBERT T. SADSAD
Assistant Regional Director: JESSIE L. AMIN
Development Team of the Module

Writers: NOVA L. MENDOZA

Editor/Reviewer: FILIP P. CANAS
Illustrator: NOVA L. MENDOZA
Layout Artist: NOVA L. MENDOZA
Consultant: FILIP P. CANAS

SDO – CAMARINES SUR

TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION 6

Module 4: Propagating Trees and Fruit – Bearing Trees

What is this module all about?

In this lesson you will be equipped with the needed information on
how to deal with the different phases of tree planting and how to
propagate trees. Trees are a valuable natural resource that has many
different functions. Most species can help to restrain the rapid erosion of
soil by water and wind. Trees can also maintain soil fertility, and some are
particularly effective in restoring degraded farmland. In addition, trees
provide a great range of important products, such as fuel, forage, food,
medicines, housebuilding materials and agricultural implements as well as
sawn timber, plywood and paper. Their presence is thus essential for
many rural communities, besides contributing substantially to both urban
and export markets.

This module covers three common competencies that a Grade 6

Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) student like you ought to
possess, namely:
1.) Identifies the appropriate tools and equipment in plant
propagation and their uses
2.) Demonstrates scientific ways of propagating fruit – bearing trees
3.) Observes healthy and safety measures in propagating fruit –
bearing trees
TLE6AG -0d-5,
These three common competencies are covered separately in two
Lessons. As shown below, each Lesson is directed to the attainment of
one or two learning outcomes:

Lesson 1 –Tools and Equipment used in Plant

Propagation LO1. Select and used tools in planting trees
LO 2. Proper care and maintenance of tools and
equipment LO 3. Practice simple health and safety
practices.

Lesson 2 – Proper ways of Propagating Trees and Fruit – bearing

Trees LO 1. Common methods or treatments of germinating seeds
LO 2. Scientific ways of propagating fruit – bearing trees

How to use this module

To get the most from this Module, you need to do the following:

1. Begin by reading and understanding the Learning Outcome/s and

Performance Standards. These tell you what you should know and be
able to do at the end of this Module.

2. Find out what you already know by taking the Pretest then check
your answer against the Answer Key. If you get 99 to 100% of the
items correctly, you mayproceed to the next Lesson. This means
that you need not go through the Lesson because you already know
what it is about. If you failed to get 99 to 100% correctly, go through
the Lesson again and review especially those items which you failed
to get.

3. Do the required Learning Activities. They begin with one or more

Information Sheets. An Information Sheet contains important notes
or basic information that you need to know. After reading the
Information Sheet, test yourself on how much you learned by means
of the Self check. Refer to the Answer Key for correction. Do not
hesitate to go back to the Information Sheet when you do not get all
test items correctly.
This will ensure your mastery of basic information.

4. Demonstrate what you learned by doing what the Activity /

Operation /Job Sheet directs you to do.

5. You must be able to apply what you have learned in another

activity or in real life situation.

6. Accomplish the Scoring Rubrics for you to know how well you
performed.

Each Lesson also provides you with references and definition of key
terms for your guide. They can be of great help. Use them fully.
 If you have questions, ask your teacher for assistance.
LESSON 1

Tools and Equipment used in Plant Propagation

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this Lesson you are expected to do the following

LO 1. Select and used tools in planting trees

LO 2. Proper care and maintenance of tools and
equipment LO 3. Practice simple health and safety
practices.
Performance Standards

Applies knowledge and skills in planting trees and fruit trees.

Materials
Bolo Crowbar
Hand Fork hoe
 Rake Shovel
Spading Fork Sprinkler
Thread Hand trowel
wood or bamboo Hand fork
Pruning shears wheel barrow

Vocabulary

Equipment - a device or implement, especially one held in the hand, used

to carry out a particular functions."gardening tools"
Hand tools - objects that are usually light and are used without the help
of animals and machines
Proper care and maintenance - an activity or operation done to
prevent tools from damaged and equipment and prolong the useful life
of tools and equipment
Repair - to restore to good condition something broken or

damaged What do you already know?

know?
Technically to propagate trees all you need is seeds, soils, sun, and
water. But a lot of gardening is hard work that it made easier with the right
tools. If you’re new to gardening and figuring out the basics, there are
many gardening tools available that you should consider adding to your
collection. For this lesson, you will be equipped with some of the most
common tools and equipment in planting trees and their uses. What you’ll
need will be determined by what you grow, where you grow it, and how
you grow it, but these tools are great for most planters.

Pre - Test

Find out how much you already know about the use of tools and
equipment in propagating trees. Take the test.

Read the questions carefully and select the best answer by writing only
the letter of your choice on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is an example of a digging tool?
A. Bolo
B. Crowbar
C. Grub hoe
D. Pruning shear
2. Which tool is used for cutting wood trees, and grasses?
 A. Shovel
B. Bolo
C. Crowbar
D. Mattock
3. What tool does NOT belong to the group?
A. Crowbar
B. Hoe
C. Shovel
D. Pruning shear
4. Tools and equipment are very important in propagating trees and fruit
– bearing trees because they __________
A. make work easier
B. make work faster
C. save time and effort
D. all of the above
5. Which tool resembles the appearance of a spoon and is used
for transferring soil?
A. Spade
B. Shovel
C. Spading fork
D. hoe

Read and
Learn
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT USED IN PLANT PROPAGATION

Tools, and equipment play very important role in plant propagation.

Their availability makes the work much easier and faster. However, even if
one may have these tools and equipment at hand, but does not know how
to use them, they are useless. In order to propagate trees successfully,
one must have a good working knowledge of the tools and equipment
before using them.

Hand Tools

Hand tools are usually light and are used without the help of animals or
machines. They are being used in performing activities which involve small
areas like school garden and home garden.
Bolo is used for cutting
wood, trees and grasses
Crowbar is used for digging
soil to plant

Hand fork is used for

crumbing the soil
surrounding the plant

Hoe is used for digging or

breaking big blocks of soil into
smaller pieces. It is also needed
for
loosening the soil and for
weeding.

Rake is used for even

spreading of soil or leveling the
soil and for gathering leaves on
the ground and separating big
blocks of soil from smaller
pieces,
Shovel is used for removing soil
or weeds and transferring the
soil or fertilizer from one place
to another.

Spading fork is used for

removing soil or trash.

Sprinkler is a water container

with small holes on the spout
and used for watering plants.

Thread is used for

straightening the garden plot
by tying it on one post and
passing it through to the next
post.
 Trowel is a short – handed tool
with a curved blade used for
cultivating or loosening the
soil, shallow digging,
transferring, or planting small
plants. It is also used for
weeding or transplanting
seedlings.

Wood or Bamboo is usually

used as fences to prevent
animals from entering the plot
and destroying the plants.

Wheelbarrow is used for

hauling fertilizer and soil and
for carrying other tools and
materials.

After using the tools in the garden clen each one of them and
store them properly. For proper care and maintenance of tools and
equipment observe the following:
1. Always keep the tools dry in a tool rack when they are not being
used. 2. Wash or clean tools before keeping them in the tool rack. 3.
The iron parts of tools will be oiled, greased or painted if to be stored
for a long time.
4. Broken or damaged tools should be repaired
immediately. 5. Cutting tools like bolo must be sharpened
frequently.
In using of the tools and equipment for planting, remember to
practice these simple health and safety practices.
1. Have the right tool in planting trees and fruit trees.
2. Use the right tool for the right purpose. This ensures efficiency of
work and and safety for the user.
3. Wear the proper attire when planting.
∙ Wear loose, comfortable, and absorbent clothing for
easy movement and a feeling of comfort and freshness.
∙ Wear a hot to protect you from the extreme heat of the
 sun. ∙ Wear a mask when spraying insecticides.
4. Having a palce for everything: tools, equipment, pesticides,
fertilizers, and compost should be placed where they should be.
They should also be kept away from the reach of children.

How much have you learned

you
Self-Check 1.1

Matching Type: Match column A to Column B

______1. Sprinkler A. used for crumbing the soil Surrounding the plants
______2. Bolo B. used for hauling fertilizer,soil and for carrying other
tools and
materials
______3. Hand Fork C. used for digging soil to plant ______4. crowbar D.
used for digging or breaking big blocks of soil
______5. Rake E. used for cultivating or loosening the soil.
______6. Shovel F. used for removing soil or trash ______7. Hoe G. used
for even spreading of soil ______8. Trowel H. used for cutting wood,
trees and grasses
______9. Spading fork I. used for removing soil or weeds And
transferring the soil ______10. Wheelbarrow J. used for watering plants

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

How do you apply what you know

knowlearned

Show that you learned something by doing this activity

Introduction:

Hoe is used for digging or breaking big blocks of soil into smaller pieces. It
is also needed for loosening the soil and for weeding. A hoe is a great tool
for controlling weeds. You can hoe weeds in your flowerbeds, gardens, or
fields. Make sure you hoe weeds when the soil is dry. To keep weeds
under control, use a hoe frequently and upon first sight of a weed. Proper
use of this tool can help user to make the work easier.
PPE and Tools needed:
Footwear
Long pants
Gloves
Rag
Hoe

Procedure:
Make sure that before you perform this activity, you are wearing
appropriate personal protective equipment. Follow these instructions.
1. Stay upright. Pick up the hoe by its
handle Keep your hands on the edge
of the hoe wide apart. Stand it on the
ground beside you for a proper
position.

2. Use a sweeping motion to slice off weed

tops Make broad, fluid sweeping motions to
slice the tops off the weeds.

3. Cut the weed stem just below the soil.

4. Change hands frequently while hoeing.
Try to evenly distribute the labor on
both sides of your body. You can do
this by switching hands and arms
frequently while hoeing
wear gloves to protect your hands.
5. Perform house keeping
 How Well Did You Perform?

Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely.

While performing the activity it is important that you to assess
your performance following the criteria below:
Criteria 20 15 10 5

Proper distance of the feet

from each other

The weight is on front foot

The load is close to your body

Direction of the feet when the

hoe hit the ground.

Practice good housekeeping

LESSON 2

For you to know

Today we will learn how to propagate plants. We will know the
process which grows new plants from a variety of sources: seeds, cuttings
and by asexual propagation.

Plant propagation is the process of creating new plants. There are

two types of propagation: sexual and asexual propagation.

Objectives
Lesson 2 – Proper ways of Propagating Trees and Fruit – bearing
Trees LO 1. Common methods or treatments of
germinating seeds LO 2. Scientific ways of propagating
fruit – bearing trees
EPP6AG -0d-5,
 Vocabulary
Sexual propagagation - is the method of reproducing and
multiplying plants using seeds.
Asexual Propagation - is the method of plant propagation that is
done without the help of the reproductive organs of the plant.

Marcotting - the branch or stem is induced to the root that is attached

to the mother plant.

Budding - a single bud is forced to grow on the stock. It uses one bud as
the scion, instead of the stem bearing several buds. It is then transferred
to the stock of the same family

Grafting - a scion or top portion of a stem of a plant is joined with or

inserted into the rootstock of another plant, to make them grow
together into one plant.

What do you already know?

know?
Technically to propagate trees all you need is seeds, soils, sun, and
water. But a lot of gardening is hard work that it made easier with the right
tools. If you’re new to gardening and figuring out the basics, there are
many gardening tools available that you should consider adding to your
collection. For this lesson, you will be equipped with some of the most
common tools and equipment in planting trees and their uses. What you’ll
need will be
determined by what you grow, where you grow it, and how you grow it, but
these tools are great for most planters.

Pre - Test

Let us determine how much you already know about

plant propagation. Take this test.

Direction: Match the method of plant propagation in column A with

its picture in column B. Write the letter of your answer on the line.
AB
___________ 1. Asexual Propagation a.

____________ 2. Marcotting b.

_____________ 3. Grafting c. ______________4.

Budding d.

_______________5. Sexual Propagation e.

Read and Learn

There are two ways of plant propagation: sexual and

asexual propagation.

Sexual Propagation
Sexual propagation is the method of reproducing and multiplying
plants using seeds. This is the most common and easiest method of
propagating plants. Many fruit tree varieties are propagated from seeds.
Seed propagation is common in fruit trees produced from seeds like
avocado, caimito, jackfruit, and santol. It is necessary to propagate these
fruit trees through germination before transplanting them in the orchard.
However, It is advisable to use seed as the propagation methods of fruit
trees because of the varying characteristics of plaant seeds.
Some of the common methods or treatments of germinating seeds are as
follows:
GERMINATING SEEDS METHOD
Methods Procedure

1. Use of seedbeds
▪ Allot a portion in the nursery
for seedbed.
▪ Cultivate a mound of soil and
form a seedbed to
germinate seeds.
▪ Make furrows with proper
distances using a stick or
hand trowel.
▪ Sow seeds and sprinkle
water before covering with
soil.

2. Use of seed boxes

▪ Fill up seedbox with good
garden soil.
▪ Make small furrows for the
seeds.
▪ Sow seeds and sprinkle
water before covering with
soil.
▪ Keepnseedboxes in a shady
place until the seeds have
sprouted.

3. Use of plastic seedbags or

tin cans ▪ Fill seedbag with good
garden soil. Puncture holes
at the bottom of the
drainage.
▪ Sow one seed per seedbag
and arrange it properly in
the cool area of the
nursery.
▪ Moisten the soil by sprinkling
water daily.
▪ Once seedlings appear, it is
 ready for planting.

4. Use of freezer
▪ It hatens the germination of
seeds with hard covering or
coating.
▪ It is more applicable to fruits
with many seeds like atis,
chico, santol, caimito, and
mabolo.

5. Use of top water

▪ Soak seeds in tap water for
12- 18 hours before planting.

6. Use of boiling water

▪ Place seeds in cloth bags or
used sacks.
▪ Dip and stir the seeds in
boiling water of 5 – 10
parts: 1 part of seed for 3-
15 seconds.
▪ Boiling water may also be
poured into a container with
seeds.

7. Use of hot water

▪ Pour hot water into a
container with seeds.
▪ Let it stand for 3-10 minutes
or until water cools.
▪ Soaked seeds overnight.

Asexual propagation is the method of plant propagation that is done

without the help of the reproductive organs of the plant. In this method,
plants multiply in ways other than developing seeds, either by natural or
vegetative or artificial propagation. Natural propagation is the process
of multiplying plants by growing the plants. In artificial propagation,
plants
are multiplied by growing the parts and buds of selected mother plants.
The following artificial processes are commonly applied in propagating
trees.
1. Budding
 In this method, a single bud is forced to grow on the stock. It uses
one bud as the scion, instead of the stem bearing several buds. It is
then transferred to the stock of the same family. It is only when the
available budding stock is in good growing condition, and ony when
the bark peels off readily that budding can be done. The shield or T
budding is the most common form of budding used in fruit
propagation. The procedures in shield or T- budding are as follows:

a. Select a smooth area of the tree and cut T-haped slit through
the bark.
b. Insert a well-developed bud from the bud stalk.
c. Slip the bud on the T- shaped bud stalk and securely tie with a soft
cord and plastic.
d. Cut the plastic on the side away from the bud to prevent
girdling once you see a new bud formed.
e. Carefully cut the stock when it reaches the height of
30 centimeters and paint the surface to prevent decay.

2. Grafting
In this method, a scion or top portion of a stem of a plant is joined

with or inserted into the rootstock of

another plant, to make them grow together into one plant. However, the
scion and the rootstock shold be compatible to enable them to unite
permanently.
Grafting usually performed at the beginning of the day and during the
rainy season. Cleft grafting is the most commonly used type of grafting by
tree farmers. It is used when grafting a new top of a tree.
The procedure to graft a plant are the following:
a. Saw a clean, smooth limb between 2 to 3 centimeters
in diameter.
b. Split the stub through the middle to make a clean
slit.
c. Cut two scions, about 10 to 15 centimeters long, and
sharpen the lower end to form a long, evenly tapering
wedge
d. Open the cleft in the stub and insert the wedge-shaped
end of a scion so that the innermost bark lies against
the innermost bark of the split stub.
 e. Cover immediately all cut surfaces with soil and let it

grow for 1-2 years.

3. Marcotting

In this method, the branch or stem is induced to the root that is

attached to the mother plant. The steps in marcotting are the
following:

a. Remove a ring of the bark of the branch of a healthy tree

below node 3-5 centimeters long.
b. Wrap the cut surface with a moist soil and wrap with coconut
husk.
c. Cover both ends with plastic and tie around with a twine to
prevent drying of the rooting medium.
d. Cut off the marcot, when enough roots grow, just below the ball
of the soil that holds the roots, then place it in a pot big enough
to provide sufficient room for the roots to develop a branch.
e. Remove some branches or leaves for fast growing of its roots
before transplanting to the field.

How much have you learned

Direction: Identify the methods of plant propagation being described
in each statement. Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is the method of propagation using a single bud.

a. Marcotting b. Grafting c. Budding
2. A process of insertimg a scion into rootstock to unite and grow as
one plant.
a. Budding b. Grafting c. Budding
3. A process of removing a ring of bark on a large
branch. a. Marcotting b. Grafting c. Budding
 4. A method of plant propagation without the help of the
repoductive organs of the plant.
a. Sexual propagation b. asexual propagation
5. A method of reproducing and multiplying plants using
seed. a. Sexual propagation b. asexual propagation

How do you apply what you know

Direction: Perform atleast one method of Asexual

Propagation. Be sure to observe safety standards and do it
with the supervision of your parent.

YOUR FINAL TASKS

!
Task No 1.
Direction: In your answer sheet copy the cluster map then give the
answer for it.

Tools and
Equipment
used in
propagating
trees
pamamaraan
sa paggawa
ng Basket
Composting

Task No. 2
Direction: Write inside the circle. The two ways of propagating trees and
fruit – bearing trees.

Sexual Propagation Asexual Propagation

 Key to Correction:

Lesson 1 Pre test: Lesson 2 Pre Test

1. c 1. d
2. b 2. c
3. b
3. d 4. e
4. d 5. a
5. a

Lesson 1 How much have you learned Lesson 2 How much have you learned
1. J 2. H 3. A 4. C 1. c 2. b 3. a
4. b
5. G 6. I 7. D 8. E 9. F 10.B 5. a
Ikaapat na Araw

Task No. 1 Task No. 2

Sexual propagation Asexual Propagation
1. Bolo
2. Crowbar
3. Hand Fork [Link]
4. Hoe Seeds 5. Rake
6. Shovel
7. Spading Fork References:
8. Sprinkler
9. Thread Home Economics and Livelihood
[Link] Education
[Link] or bamboo Marcotting Budding Grafting

Authors: Josephine C. Bernardino, Maria Gracia A. Fulgencio, Estifania

Gloria L. Lee, Alma L. Paragas, Edita T. Rafael