NGỮ PHÁP CHUYÊN ĐỀ

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
(CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN)
A. KIẾN THỨC
I. CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN GỐC
1) Mục đích sử dụng
● Loại I: Diễn tả sự việc có khả năng xảy ra, có thể thực hiện được ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
● Loại II: Diễn tả sự việc không có thật, không có khả năng xảy ra ở hiện tại
● Loại III: Diễn tả sự việc không có thật, không có khả năng xảy ra ở quá khứ

2) Kiến thức
Mệnh đề If Mệnh đề chính

Hiện tại đơn S + will/can/may/ … + V

Loại I
(real present) Ex: If he concentrates on training, he will be an excellent footballer. (Nếu tập trung luyện tập,
cậu ấy sẽ là một cầu thủ xuất sắc.)

Quá khứ đơn

Loại II (Chú ý: Động từ to be: “were” với mọi S + would/ could/ might/… + V
(unreal ngôi.)
present) Ex: If she weren’t an alcoholic, her career could become better. (Nếu cô ấy không nghiện
rượu, sự nghiệp của cô ấy có thể trở nên tốt đẹp hơn)

Quá khứ hoàn thành (Had + P2) S + would/ could/ might/… + have + P II

Loại III
(unreal past) Ex: If I hadn’t attended your party, I would have had (have) the last chance to see my sister
off. (Nếu tôi không tham dự bữa tiệc của bạn, tôi sẽ có cơ hội cuối cùng để tiễn em gái tôi)

CLB ĐỊNH HƯỚNG CHUYÊN HÀM NGHI – 098 999 6079

Fanpage: CLB định hướng chuyên Hàm Nghi
NGỮ PHÁP CHUYÊN ĐỀ

II. UNLESS
UNLESS = IF... NOT
(Chú ý: Vế chứa Unless luôn ở thể khẳng định)
Ex: + If my girlfriend doesn’t go to the party, I won’t come.
Unless my girlfriend goes to the party, I won’t come. (nếu bạn gái tôi không đến bữa tiệc thì tôi
sẽ không đi .)
+ If you didn’t arrive late, you would meet her.
Unless you arrived late, you would meet her. (Nếu bạn không đến muộn, bạn sẽ gặp được cô ấy.)
+ If my brother hadn’t booked a table at the restaurant yesterday, we would have had dinner at home.
Unless my brother had booked a table at the restaurant yesterday, we would have had dinner at
home. (Nếu như anh trai không đặt được bàn ở nhà hàng ngày hôm qua thì chúng ta sẽ phải ăn tối ở
nhà.)

III. CÁC TỪ THAY THẾ IF

● Even if: cho dù, ngay cả khi
Ex: Even if I get a gold medal in swimming, I will still practice swimming every day. (Ngay cả khi đạt
huy chương vàng môn bơi lội, tôi vẫn sẽ tập bơi hàng ngày)
● As long as/ So long as/ Provided that/ Providing: miễn là
Ex: + You can have a dog as long as you promise to take care of it. (Bạn có thể nuôi một con chó miễn
là bạn hứa sẽ chăm sóc nó)
+ Provided that I get my parents' consent, I will propose to her. (Chỉ cần có sự đồng thuận của gia
đình, tôi sẽ cầu hôn cô ấy)
● Suppose/ Supposing: giả sử
Ex: Suppose this kind of trend continues, it could be a problem. (Nếu loại xu hướng này tiếp tục, nó có
thể là một vấn đề)
● Otherwise = or else: nếu không thì
Ex: Remember to do your homework; otherwise you’ll be punished. (Nhớ làm bài tập; nếu không thì
bạn sẽ bị phạt)

CLB ĐỊNH HƯỚNG CHUYÊN HÀM NGHI – 098 999 6079

Fanpage: CLB định hướng chuyên Hàm Nghi
NGỮ PHÁP CHUYÊN ĐỀ

IV. ĐẢO NGỮ CỦA CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN

● Câu điều kiện loại I:
Should + S + V, S + will/can/may/ … + V
Ex: If he lies, no one will believe you.
Should he lie, no one will believe you. (Nếu bạn nói dối, không ai sẽ tin bạn)
● Câu điều kiện loại II:

Were + S + Adj/ N, S + would/ could/ might/… + V

Were + S + to V, S + would/ could/ might/… + V
Ex: + If I were young, I would travel to Paris.
Were I young, I would travel to Paris. (Nếu tôi còn trẻ, tôi sẽ du lịch đến Paris.)
+ If he got to the airport earlier, he would meet his old friends.
Were he to get to the airport earlier, he would meet his old friends. (Nếu anh ấy đến sân bay
sớm hơn, anh ấy đã gặp được bạn cũ rồi.)
● Câu điều kiện loại III:

Had + S + P , S + would/ could/ might + have + P

II II

Ex: If she had reviewed her homework carefully, she wouldn't have gotten bad marks.
Had she reviewed her homework carefully, she wouldn't have gotten bad marks. (Nếu cô ấy
xem kĩ bài tập về nhà, thì cô ấy đã không bị điểm kém.)

B. BÀI TẬP
I. Bài tập luyện tập
Câu 1: If you don't finish the job by the deadline, you _______.
A. won’t be promoted B. be promoted C. are promoted D. would be
promoted
Câu 2: If he knew how to save money earlier, he _______ to buy the unique version of his favourite car.
A. would afford B. would have afforded C. will afford D. affords
Câu 3: If the Covid-19 pandemic _______ to break out, all the students will have to join E-learning
courses.
A. continues B. continue C. have continued D. had continued
Câu 4: If he hadn't missed the interview that day, he _____ an opportunity to apply for a well-paid job
now.
A. would have had B. will have C. won’t have D. would have
Câu 5: If she _____ her diet, her health will be negatively affected.
A. changed B. doesn't change C. didn’t change D. changing
Câu 6: If you practice harder and pursue your dream every day, you _____ a gold medal.
A. will won B. will win C. would have won D. would win
Câu 7: If your English _____ good, your chances of being recruited will be higher.
A. are B. was C. is D. have been

CLB ĐỊNH HƯỚNG CHUYÊN HÀM NGHI – 098 999 6079

Fanpage: CLB định hướng chuyên Hàm Nghi
NGỮ PHÁP CHUYÊN ĐỀ

Câu 8: If he _____ hostile, he would get on well with his neighbor.

A. wasn't B. weren’t C. was D. is
Câu 9: If his family _____ more time taking care of him, he wouldn't have had such bad attitudes.
A. spent B. have spent C. spend D. had spent
Câu 10: If he follows the algorithms, he _____ make mistakes.
A. will B. would C. wouldn’t D. will not
Câu 11: Were I taller, I _____ an incredible basketball player.
A. would become B. will become C. would have become D. will not
become
Câu 12: Were I _____ time, I would drop in on you.
A. have B. to have C. has D. having
Câu 13: Should you run faster, you _____ up with other runners in the competition.
A. will catch B. would feel C. felt D. are feeling
Câu 14: Had she listened to my advice, she _____ better on her test this morning.
A. would have done B. would do C. do D. did
Câu 15: Had we not run out of money, we _____ to Las Vegas now.
A. traveled B. are traveled C. would travel D. will travel
If + S + QKHT, S + would + V (now)
 Trộn 3 – 2
Câu 16: Were she _____ achievement in biotechnology, she would be the first woman to be recognized as
an influencer in her country.
A. got B. to get C. getting D. have got
Câu 17: Had you worked overtime last Sunday, you _____ an adequate bonus.
A. would receive B. will receive C. would have received D. would be
received
Câu 18: _____ you pollute the environment, some species will be extinct.
A. Were B. Had C. Should D. Have
Câu 19: _____ I known your phone number, I would have kept in touch with you.
A. Had B. Have C. Were D. Should
Câu 20: Should the bombing doesn’t happen, the economy of the country _____ strongly degraded.
A. will be B. wouldn’t be C. will not be D. would be
Câu 21. _____ you work harder, you will be sacked.
A. Whether B. If C. However D. Unless
Sack (v): sa thải

CLB ĐỊNH HƯỚNG CHUYÊN HÀM NGHI – 098 999 6079

Fanpage: CLB định hướng chuyên Hàm Nghi
NGỮ PHÁP CHUYÊN ĐỀ

Câu 22. I think you should stop smoking.

A. If I am you, I will stop smoking. B. If I were you, I will stop smoking.
C. If I were you, I would stop smoking. D. If I had been you, I would stop smoking.
Câu 23. George wouldn't have met Mary_________to his brother's graduation party.
A. if he has not gone B. had not he gone
C. had he not gone D. if he shouldn't have gone
Câu 24._________ten minutes earlier, you would have got a better seat.
A. Were you arrived B. If you arrived C. If you hadn't arrived D. Had you arrived
Câu 25. If she_________a car, she would go out in the evening.
A. have B. has C. has had D. had
Câu 26. Without your help, I _________the technical problem with my computer the other day.
A. can't solve B. couldn't have solved C. couldn't solve D. weren't solved
Câu 27. The joke would not be funny if it_________into French.
A. has been translated B. be translated C. was be translated D. were translated
Câu 28. We_________on the beach now if we hadn't missed the plane.
A. might have lain B. would lie C. could be lying D. would have
lain
Câu 29. You should take care of your brother.
A. If I am you, I will take care of my brother.
B. If I had been you, I would took care of my brother.
C. If I were you, I would take care of my brother.
D. If I were you, I will take care of your brother.
Câu 30. If he had been more careful, he ________.
A. won't fall B. wouldn't fall C. wouldn't have fallen D. would haven't
fallen
Câu 31: If the factories hadn’t discharged waste properly, the water and air environment ______ polluted
now.
A. would not be B. would be C. would have been [Link] haven’t
been
Câu 32: If the hunters hadn’t poached rhinos, they _____listed in the Red List now.
A. wouldn’t be B. would be C. would have been D. would haven’t
been
Câu 33: If she had married me, she _____ the happiest woman in the world now.
A. could be B. be C. will be D. would have
been
Câu 34: Were you _____ the driver’s license, you wouldn’t get caught by the police.
A. have B. to have C. having D. had
Câu 35: Should he _____ me, I’ll love him.
A. not love B. not loving C. not to love D. loved
Câu 36: I will be allowed to join the football club as long as I _____the final exam with flying colors.
CLB ĐỊNH HƯỚNG CHUYÊN HÀM NGHI – 098 999 6079
Fanpage: CLB định hướng chuyên Hàm Nghi
NGỮ PHÁP CHUYÊN ĐỀ

A. passed B. had passed C. will pass D. pass

Câu 37: Provided that we take care of our health, we ____ do anything we want.
A. would B. can C. will D. won’t
Câu 38: Had you _____ my team, you would have had a chance to make new friends.
A. take part in B. took part in C. taken part in D. had taken part
in
Câu 39: Ronaldo De Lima ______ the most outstanding soccer player of all times but for his injury.
A. could have been B. could been C. have been D. be
Câu 40: Were I _____, I could donate all my property to the poor.
A. a millionaire B. am a millionaire C. an millionaire D. millionaire
Câu 41: _____have enough apples, she’ll make an apple pie this afternoon.
A. Should she B. If she C. Will she D. Unless she
Câu 42: If you_____to me, you wouldn’t have got so much trouble.
A. listened B. would listen C. had listened D. would have
listened
Câu 43: If you don’t know how to spell a word, you_____ look it up in the dictionary.
A. must B. will C. should D. ought
Câu 44: If the sun _____, we _____for a walk.
A. shines/ will go B. shone/ will go
C. shone/ would go D. had shone/ would go
Câu 45: The campfire _____ if it _____ last night.
A. wouldn’t be cancelled / hadn’t rained B. wouldn’t have been cancelled / hadn’t
rained
C. would have been cancelled / hadn’t rained D. will be cancelled / rains
Câu 46: But for our parents, we _____ successful in life.
A. will never be B. would never be
C. wouldn’t have be D. would have never been
Câu 47: If I _____ my wallet at home this morning, I _____ money for lunch now.
A. leave/ will have B. didn’t leave/ would have
C. hadn’t left/ would have D. hadn’t left/ would have had
Câu 48: It is too bad, Lam isn’t here. If he _____ here, he _____ what to do.
A. were/ would know B. is/ will know
C. had been/ would have known D. was/ would know
Câu 49: If we _____ the plans carefully, we would not have had so many problems.
A. study B. had studied
C. studied D. were studying
Câu 50: I will never talk to you again _____ you apologize me _____ being rude.
A. if/ for B. unless/ for C. or/ of D. whether/ or

II. Những bẫy thường gặp

CLB ĐỊNH HƯỚNG CHUYÊN HÀM NGHI – 098 999 6079

Fanpage: CLB định hướng chuyên Hàm Nghi
NGỮ PHÁP CHUYÊN ĐỀ

● Đối với câu điều kiện trộn, học sinh sẽ dễ nhầm lẫn với câu điều kiện loại III nếu không đọc kỹ đề
bài. Cụ thể hơn, khi nhìn vế đầu tiên là thì quá khứ hoàn thành, nhiều bạn sẽ ngay lập tức nghĩ là câu
điều kiện loại III nhưng thực tế trong câu có những dấu hiệu của câu điều kiện trộn như: “now”, “
yesterday”.
● Trong câu điều kiện, có rất nhiều từ có thể thay thế cho từ “If”, tuy nhiên có nhiều bạn học sinh chưa
nắm vững phần kiến thức này, dẫn tới việc không nhận ra được đây là câu điều kiện, vậy nên chúng
ta cần học một cách đầy đủ, chi tiết về các từ thay thế cho “if”.
● Tương tự, dạng đảo của câu điều kiện cũng được giản lược từ “if”, từ đó dễ gây nhầm lẫn cho các
bạn học sinh chưa nắm vững phần lý thuyết này, từ đó khiến các bạn học sinh chọn sai đáp án.

CLB ĐỊNH HƯỚNG CHUYÊN HÀM NGHI – 098 999 6079

Fanpage: CLB định hướng chuyên Hàm Nghi