Sentence Structures

Simple, Compound, Complex

Clause
- Minimum a subject and a predicate,

- Smallest grammatical unit,

- Might or might not convey full meaning

Clause
- Minimum a subject and a predicate,

Predicate - verb in a sentence,

Playing = verb

He is playing , playing = predicate

- Smallest grammatical unit,

- Might or might not convey full meaning
Example
He won.

He = Subject

Won = predicate

She lost the match

Example
He won.

She lost the match

Example
He won.

He = Subject

Won = predicate

She lost the match

Example
He won.

He = Subject

Won = Predicate

She lost the match

She = Subject

Lost = Predicate

Match = Object
3 Types
1. Simple

2. Compound

3. Complex
Simple Sentence
- 1 clause

- 1 or more subject

- 1 or more predicate
Simple Sentence
- 1 clause

- 1 subject

- 1 predicate

1 clause + 1 or more subject + 1 or more predicate = Independent Clause

Simple Sentence
- 1 clause

- 1 subject

- 1 predicate
-

1 clause + 1 subject + 1 or more predicate = Independent Clause

1 INDEPENDENT CLAUSE = SIMPLE SENTENCE

Example of Simple Sentence

He is eating.

He is eating because he is hungry

Example of Simple Sentence

He is eating.

He is eating because he is hungry

Compound Sentence
- 2 independent clauses
- Joined by a conjunction.
- Can also have coma or semi colon
- 2 clauses are independent
- 1 becomes dependent after conjuction/connective is added
- Conjuctions are of FANBOYS
FAN B O Y S
F for

A and

N nor

B but

O or

Y yet

S so
Example of Compound Sentence

He is hungry. He is Eating an ice cream

Example of Compound Sentence

He is hungry. He is Eating an ice cream

He is hungry, so he is eating an ice-cream.

Note:

Do NOT confuse a compound sentence with simple sentence that has

COMPOUND PREDICATE or COMPOUND SUBJECT

Note:

Do NOT confuse a compound sentence with simple sentence that has

COMPOUND PREDICATE or COMPOUND SUBJECT or COMPOUND OBJECT.

He is eating both apple and banana.

Note:

Do NOT confuse a compound sentence with simple sentence that has

COMPOUND PREDICATE or COMPOUND SUBJECT or COMPOUND OBJECT.

He is eating both apple and banana.

OBJECT
Paragraph writing
 Body Paragraph

T - Topic Sentence
E - Explanation
E- Example
C- Conclusion
 T - Topic Sentence

MAIN IDEA OF PARAGRAPH

 T - Topic Sentence

MAIN IDEA OF PARAGRAPH

 T - Topic Sentence

MAIN IDEA OF PARAGRAPH

 T - Topic Sentence

MAIN IDEA OF PARAGRAPH

- What paragraph is about.

- Why does the paragraph matter

 T - Topic Sentence

MAIN IDEA OF PARAGRAPH

Topic
- What paragraph is about.

- Why does the paragraph matter

 T - Topic Sentence

MAIN IDEA OF PARAGRAPH

Topic
- What paragraph is about.
Controlling
Idea
- Why does the paragraph matter.
 T - Topic Sentence

MAIN IDEA OF PARAGRAPH

Topic
- What paragraph is about.
Controlling
Idea
- Why does the paragraph matter.

ONLY RELATES TO THE PARAGRAPH WHERE IT IS WRITTEN

 Sample
Essay Topic:Why sports are good for us ?

Training for sports practice involves a lot of discipline.

 Sample
Essay Topic:Why sports are good for us ?

Training for sports practice involves a lot of discipline.

Topic Controlling idea

 Activity: Identify the right Topic Sentence
Essay Topic: Keeping cats as pet is a good idea?

___________________________. They are mystical and divine caregivers because

they have an inbuilt tendency of love and bond. They create a sense of security and
cure in the environment, since they have divinity to their existence that balances the
environment and keeps toxicity at par.. Maine coon cats are massive in size and one
of the most gentle and loving breeds. They cuddle, knead, trill and even lick to show
their affection. Cats are indeed a bond strengthening breed.

1. Cats are a feline family that keep the environment clean.

2. Indoor cats are a massive source of love and spiritual detoxification of the
environment.
3. Training cats for acrobats is a good source of domestic entertainment.
 E - Explanation

- Happening of the things,

- Cause and effect.
Key Words

So, because, therefor, since, if,

then, so, that, without, effect, how
 E - Explanation

Sample:
Indoor cats are a massive source of love and spiritual detoxification of
the environment. They are mystical and divine caregivers because
they have an inbuilt tendency of love and bond. They create a sense
of security and cure in the environment, since they have divinity to
their existence that balances the environment and keeps toxicity at
par. Maine coon cats are massive in size and one of the most gentle and
loving breeds. They cuddle, knead, trill and even lick to show their
affection. Cats are indeed a bond strengthening breed.
 E - Explanation

Glaciers play a vital role in maintaining the earth’s delicate

balance. ___________________________________.
1. The earth has multiple features and and glaciers act as a natural source of
their streaming, which adds to maintaining a healthy ecosystem.
2. Their complex role is a threat to aquatic life and an increased rate of their
seasonal melting has been a leading cause of floods.
3. Their formation dates a million years back and is associated with the
condensed versions of climatic changes.
 E - Example

- Add to the detailed linkage of explanation,

- Builds clarity of the point,
- Provides context,
- Enhances retention
 E - Example

Sample:
Indoor cats are a massive source of love and spiritual detoxification of the
environment. They are mystical and divine caregivers because they have an inbuilt
tendency of love and bond. They create a sense of security and cure in the
environment, since they have divinity to their existence that balances the
environment and keeps toxicity at par. Maine coon cats are massive in size and one
of the most gentle and loving breeds. They cuddle, knead, trill and even lick to
show their affection. Cats are indeed a bond strengthening breed.
 E - Example

Schools give students an insightful routine which is essential for

healthy growth. A defined routine where a child moulds himself as a student
syncs in with a systematic flow of personality training and schools play a
vital role in this buildup. ____________________________________.

WRITE EXAMPLE FOR THIS EXPLANATION

 C - Conclusion

1. Drawing conclusion_ Conclusion based on reading,

2. Based on the information written already,

 C - Conclusion

1.
Sample:
Indoor cats are a massive source of love and spiritual detoxification of the
environment. They are mystical and divine caregivers because they have an
inbuilt tendency of love and bond. They create a sense of security and cure in the
environment, since they have divinity to their existence that balances the
environment and keeps toxicity at par. Maine coon cats are massive in size and
one of the most gentle and loving breeds. They cuddle, knead, trill and even
lick to show their affection. Cats are indeed a bond strengthening breed.
C - Conclusion
 C - Conclusion

1.
Sample:
Indoor cats are a massive source of love and spiritual detoxification of the
environment. They are mystical and divine caregivers because they have an
inbuilt tendency of love and bond. They create a sense of security and cure in the
environment, since they have divinity to their existence that balances the
environment and keeps toxicity at par. Maine coon cats are massive in size and
one of the most gentle and loving breeds. They cuddle, knead, trill and even lick
to show their affection. Cats are indeed a bond strengthening breed.
 C - Conclusion

1.
Sample:
Mothers are a source of comfort as we require to energize ourselves. They are
build up with the nature to relax and re-tune the minds into a serene
environment. A dull day can be enlightened after a small catch up with one’s
mother. This is not just restricted to humans, as we can see kittens cuddling up to
cats when they are scared or distressed.

WRITE A CONCLUSION
Essay /Email Structure

Introductory Paragraph
 ARTICLE WRITING

Introductory Paragraph

Body Paragraph Body Paragraph Body Paragraph

# 1 # 2 # 3
 ARTICLE WRITING

Introductory Paragraph

Body Paragraph Body Paragraph Body Paragraph

# 1 # 2 # 3

Conclusion
 ARTICLE WRITING

Introductory Paragraph

Body Paragraph Body Paragraph Body Paragraph

# 1 # 2 # 3

Conclusion
Introductory Paragraph

General sentence

________________________
Introductory Paragraph

General sentence

________________________

Narrowing Sentence
Introductory Paragraph

General sentence

________________________

Narrowing Sentence

_________________

Specific Sentence
Introductory Paragraph: Describe your City’s beauty

Cities have over the time evolved

with rich advancements in social and
technological factors.
The cities of developing countries
are equally advanced. My city,
islamabad is also an epitome of
gilded advancement and festooned
with greenery.
Body Paragraph : Describe your City’s beauty
 Comprehension

-Q#1 - 2 Marks 2 - 3 words or phrases

 Comprehension

-Q#1 - 2 Marks 2 - 3 words or phrases

Example: The words written to describe the familiarity,

 Comprehension

-Q#1 - 2 Marks 2 - 3 words or phrases

Example: The words written to describe the familiarity,

The word used to describe a common neighbourhood

 Comprehension

-Q#1 - 2 Marks 2 - 3 words or phrases

Example: The words written to describe the familiarity,

The word used to describe a common neighbourhood

3.5 mins
 Comprehension

-Q#1 - 2 Marks 2 - 3 words or phrases

-Q#2 - 4 Marks look at the lines … in your own words
 Comprehension

-Q#1 - 2 Marks 2 - 3 words or phrases

-Q#2 - 4 Marks look at the lines … in your own words

Example: Look at the lines written to describe the critical side of the
scene and describe it in your own words
 Comprehension

-Q#1 - 2 Marks 2 - 3 words or phrases

-Q#2 - 4 Marks words or phrases

Example: Look at the lines written to describe the critical side of the
scene and describe it in your own words

5 mins
 Comprehension

-Q#1 - 2 Marks 2 - 3 words or phrases

-Q#2 - 4 Marks look at the lines … in your own words
-Q#3 - 5 Marks from these lines, explain what you have
understood
 Comprehension

-Q#1 - 2 Marks 2 - 3 words or phrases

-Q#2 - 4 Marks look at the lines … in your own words
-Q#3 - 5 Marks from these lines, explain what you have
understood

Own words …. Describe the same in different words

 Comprehension

-Q#1 - 2 Marks 2 - 3 words or phrases

-Q#2 - 4 Marks look at the lines … in your own words
-Q#3 - 5 Marks from these lines, explain what you have
understood

Own words …. Describe the same in different words

Explain …… Use your own thinking
 Comprehension

-Q#1 - 2 Marks 2 - 3 words or phrases

-Q#2 - 4 Marks look at the lines … in your own words
-Q#3 - 5 Marks from these lines, explain what you have
understood
 Comprehension

-Q#1 - 2 Marks 2 - 3 words or phrases

-Q#2 - 4 Marks look at the lines … in your own words
-Q#3 - 5 Marks from these lines, explain what you have
understood

Example: Explain why do you think musicians played at festivals?

7 mins
 Comprehension

-Q#1 - 2 Marks 2 - 3 words or phrases 3.5 mins

-Q#2 - 4 Marks look at the lines … in your own words 5 mins
-Q#3 - 5 Marks from these lines, explain what you have
understood 7 mins