Chapter III.

Intersection
▪ 3.1 Projecting Plane vs Solids of Revolutions

▪ 3.2 Projecting Cylinder vs Solids of Revolutions

3.1 Projecting Plane Intersects with
Solids of Revolutions
3.1 Projection Plane Intersect vs. Solids of Revolutions

Vertical projecting plane Horizontal Projecting Plane

() ⊥ 1 () ⊥  2
Π1 mα Π1
n ⊥ x C1
B1 C mβ h1 B
α β
A1
A
x φ B x
φ C
A nβ
nα A2
B2
Π2
Π2 C2

x
α1

β2
x

Vertical projection is a line Horizontal projection is a line

3
3
 3.1 Projection Plane Intersect vs. Solids of Revolutions

❖ Intersection form between the projecting plane and the cone

▪ If the cutting plane cut all of generators but does nor perpendicular to the axis of the cone, the intersection is an ellipse
▪ If the cutting plane is perpendicular to the axis of the cone, the intersection is a circle
4
 3.1 Projection Plane Intersect vs. Solids of Revolutions
❖ Intersection between the projecting plane and the cone

▪ If the cutting plane is parallel to 2 generators of the cone, the intersection is a hyperbola
5
 3.1 Projection Plane Intersect vs. Solids of Revolutions
❖ Intersection between the projecting plane and the cone

▪ If the cutting plane is parallel to 1 generators of the cone, the intersection is a parabola
6
 3.1 Projection Plane Intersect vs. Solids of Revolutions
❖ Intersection between the projecting plane and the cone

▪ The cutting plane passes through the apex of the cone, the intersection are 2 generators
7
 3.1 Projection Plane Intersect vs. Solids of Revolutions
❖ Steps to find the intersection of the projecting plane with solids

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

Draw the projection Step 4
Determine a number of Find the remaining
points on the projection projections of the of intersection by Check hidden
of the defined points belonging connecting the line and
intersection line intersection projection of each boundaries
point

Step 1: Determine a number of necessary point on the defined intersection projection

• Points located at the boundary
• Tangent point
• Extreme points (highest, lowest, nearest, farthest)
Step 2:Find the remaining projections of the points belonging intersection

Step 3: Draw the projection of the intersection by connecting the corresponding point
• Correct intersection form
• Correct sequence (on degenerate view)
• At contact points, the intersection line must tangent to the boundary
Step 4: Check hidden line and Boundaries
• On a projection, an intersection line is visible if it lies on the visible part of the curved surface and
vice versa 8
 3.1 Projection Plane Intersect vs. Solids of Revolutions
❖ Determine a number of points on the known projection of the intersection
-If the cutting plane cut all generators of the cone - If the cutting plane is parallel to 2 generators
but do not perpendicular to the axis of it, the
of the cone, the intersection is parabola
intersection is an ellipse

4 3 is the apex of the

hypecbol
3
Symettrical axis of
2 the hypecbol
2
3
1

2-2’is the minor 4

axis of the ellipse 1
and 1-4 is the major
axis of the ellipse 2
3

1 4 Point 3 is the midle

point of chord 1-4
3’ 4
2’ 3
2
1
9
9
3.1 Projection Plane Intersect vs. Solids of Revolutions

Homework: 1-08

1 1
2 2’
3
2 3 3’
4 4

6 7 6 7 5 7’ 6’
5
8 8 8’

6 8

3 7
2

5 4 1

3’ 2’ 7’
6’
8’
10
 3.1 Projection Plane Intersect vs. Solids of Revolutions

Homework:1-09
3 3
2 2
4
4

5
5
6 6

7 1 7
1

1 2
3
4
5 6 7

11
 3.1 Projection Plane Intersect vs. Solids of Revolutions

❖ Intersection form between the projection plane and sphere

3
3 3

▪If the cutting plane is not parallel to ▪The cutting plane is parallel to ▪The cutting plane is parallel to plane
the plane of projection, the projection plane Π1, the top view of the Π3, the front view and the top view
of the intersection is an ellipse intersection is a horizontal chord of the intersection is a vertical chord
of the outline circle, the front view of the outline circle, the left view is a
is a true circle and the left view is true circle
a vertical chord of the outline
circle.

12
 3.1 Projection Plane Intersect vs. Solids of Revolutions
❖ Determine a number of points on the known projection of the intersection
1

Points to determine
Point 3 is the midle 2
1. Starting and ending points of the intersection point of chord 1-5 3
(Point 1.5) 4

2. Points on the axis of symmetry (Points 2, 4) 3 is the apex of the

5
hypecbol
3. Special point (Point 3)

4
2 3
3-3’ is the minor
axis of the ellipse
and 1-5 is the major 1 5
axis of the ellipse

3’
2’ 4’

13
3.1 Projection Plane Intersect vs. Solids of Revolutions

Bài Tập: 1-10 5 5

4 4’
3 4
3 3’
2 2 2

1
1

6 7 8 8 6 8’
7 7’

9 9

2 4
3
7
8

1 6
9 5

8’
7’
2’ 3’
4’
14
 3.1 Projection Plane Intersect vs. Solids of Revolutions

❖ Intersection form between the projecting plane and cylinder

1 1 Circle
24
2 4
1 1 3 45o
2 3
2= 3
3 4 4
2

3 1

▪ If the cutting plane is normal to the axis of the ▪ If the angle formed by the cutting plane and the
cylinder, the intersection is a circle. plane of projection equals to 45 degree, the projection
▪ If the cutting plane is parallel to a generator or axis of of this ellipse onto this projection plane is a circle.
the cylinder, the intersection are 2 generators. Because the projection of two main axes is equal to
▪ If the cutting plane cut all of generators and is not each other.
normal to the axis of the cylinder, the intersection is a
ellipse 15
15
3.2 Projecting Cylinder Intersecting
with Solids of Revolutions

16
3.2 Projecting Cylinder Intersect vs. Solids of Revolutions

Vertical projecting cylinder Horizontal projecting cylinder

Π1 Π1

x x
O2

Π2 Π2

The front projection Top projection is

is degenerated to degenerated to circle
circle

17
17
 3.2 Projecting Cylinder Intersect vs. Solids of Revolutions
❖ Steps to find the intersection of Projecting Cylinder vs Curved Surace

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

Draw the projection Step 4
Determine a number of Find the remaining
points on the projection projections of the of intersection by Check hidden
of the defined points belonging connecting the line and
intersection line intersection projection of each boundaries
point

Step 1: Determine a number of necessary point on the defined intersection projection

• Points located at the boundary
• Tangent point
• Extreme points (highest, lowest, nearest, farthest)
Step 2:Find the remaining projections of the points belonging intersection

Step 3: Draw the projection of the intersection by connecting the corresponding point
• Correct intersection form
• Correct sequence (on degenerate view)
• At contact points, the intersection line must tangent to the boundary
Step 4: Check hidden line and Boundaries
• On a projection, an intersection line is visible if it lies on the visible part of the curved surface and
vice versa 18
 3.2 Projecting Cylinder Intersect vs. Solids of Revolutions

22’ 2’ 2

1. Vertical projecting cylinder (1)

2. Horizontal projecting cylinder (2)
11’ 33’ 1’3’ 13

4’ 4
44’
𝛟𝟏 < 𝛟 𝟐

2’4’

1’ 3’

1 3

24

19
 3.2 Projecting Cylinder Intersect vs. Solids of Revolutions

24 2 4

1 3
1. Vertical projecting cylinder (1)
13
2. Horizontal projecting cylinder (2)

𝛟𝟏 < 𝛟𝟐 1’3’

1’ 3’ 2’ 4’

2’4’

22’

11’ 33’

44’

20
 3.2 Projecting Cylinder Intersect vs. Solids of Revolutions

2’ 2
22’

▪ Vertical projecting cylinder (1)

▪ Horizontal projecting cylinder (2)
1 3

13

𝛟𝟏 = 𝛟𝟐
44’
4’ 4

2’4’

1 3

24

21
3.2 Projecting Cylinder Intersect vs. Solids of Revolutions

51

71 81

61 21

3
1

32

52 22
62

72 82
6’2
5’2 2’2

3’2

Two curved surfaces contact each other at two points → The intersection of two curved
surfaces is a curve of degree 2.
22
3.2 Projecting Cylinder Intersect vs. Solids of Revolutions
S1 S1

11 13 1’3

61 21
23 63

51 31 53 5’3
33

41 43 4’3

42

12 32
52
S2
62 22
5’2
1’2 3’2

4’2

23
3.2 Projecting Cylinder Intersect vs. Solids of Revolutions
S1
7 7
6
6 6’
5 5

4 4 4’

1 1
2 3 3 3’
2 2’

2 3

4
6
1 7 5

6’
4’

2’ 3’

24
3.2 Projecting Cylinder Intersect vs. Solids of Revolutions

1
1

2 2 2’
8 8
7 3 7 7 3
3
5 4 4’
6 5 5’
4
6 6’

4
3
6 5
2
7

8 1

7’

6’ 4
2
5’ 3
25
3.2 Projecting Cylinder Intersect vs. Solids of Revolutions

26
26
3.2 Projecting Cylinder Intersect vs. Solids of Revolutions

2 2’
3 3’
3 2
1 1

4 10 10’ 4’
4 10
9 5
5 9 9’ 5’
6 6 6’
7 8 7 7
8 8’

56
4 7 8
3 9
2
10

12
10’
3’ 2’ 9’
4’
6’ 8’
7’
5’ 27
 S1

51
51
71 81
71 81

61 21
61 21

31
31

32
32

52 22
62
52 22
62
S2
72 82
6’2 72 82
5’2 2’2
6’2
5’2 2’2

3’2
3’2

28
Subtracting unit body Union unit body
 S1

11
11 X1
X1

21
21 41 Y1
41 Y1
31
31

32 Y2
32 Y2 22
22
X2
X2
42 12 S2
42 12

X’2
X’2 2’2
2’2 3’2
3’2 Y’2
Y’2

29
Subtracting unit body Union Unit Body