Biol Wiss: eee [ Prppttcattorn ej _RAchoff *la kincho}'s Lous be lemployect fo the fousurtng rated of aol ing natworte 1) Baanch = Gunent method, 2 Moxusel's loop Coy marh) cument methaf, 3 Atedal Voitage mated |] . Nedal vo! Matted, Proddans for Nodal vowtogs, Matted le Presume He Voltages tre ditpeant fhdependant nader {one af Hu nodler os selecteh aa nec len Bene potential rede) RB Waike the equations $e each neds or per Kérchog}'s Curent owe sort 3 Sowe fre above eqns b get nodal Voltage BP 4, Cokeutatr tre Branch current from tre Values of nedal Voltage» A petnt © which two or moar elements ans Joired together ts mown on uects Step Teantify the paincpl node 4 Aqferna node Shp: Arstgn Ui. Voltage © each princtpi neden Stp3: Wx he KoL @ each prindple node.@ Find tre nodal va and Bronth Goarnk Q iC )[Fie al: v [-41 eve) Binet sstan,. Lcled ea ie fli a -% a Ve 5 - O25 to. Salles |: =F A= 0-45 -0:25 ~025 O-4Ibt ‘2 (6-95) Conren —(orsXor2s? = 025 Bi: [: ee = Bylomer) +(5)C028) Pinn sO WICHS y= 33335: | = (6:45) (5) + (or2srlerS)Nodot Rte Anelps sy Drpection met mative Pag “TA lon wre AGJIy}=EI ots Ge 3s Of cll He Conclirctanee Connected et Guy > Ve of Sum aj ail Hae comoluctanes — — BE, mao di Noke dwn peg fowords noolt means ge. Curent flouting away from tha node vruians ve.pace llel [es] nei fl BD > G4TOMBE | _ (6 66) (0-309) — (0716601860) c lee 0-304 = O-14B, ore -0- “J > (1D (0-309) —(4)(0: 6b) 0-304 = + O- 352. Bow | Oe -0-1bb =2UAS -\3,29u Col eutoike the nodal Vo bogs[6] [»] =f] oie V4" 6 t =H vy = leary ee lee e V4 Vo + ~) My % k%aysyl iva MAb ~o-te6 os TP y, ~O1bb ong ~ on Ve 0125 0.2 OAs A f Ib -o-166 0.25 =o 490.4 “Olbb Ont Oe nee, =025 -02 oas -Olbe 0-25 Al > “30 gg ore -o-2 O95 ale naa -DIbE = 80 9.2 025 O45,ao ap) = Genre lees 2 44.3. U2 es ft eal na “ BAO 5 Ciasmed |. Va = Be =: —3e-29Vy C3u-ts) V,> AR = 18-35v. & @© Compute tre whe @ codes #4 BR Tn ee Prowo in ure: Toute C ar hre— a Loy ug = [23 otMe « 2-51 val: | 45-5] ve %+¥%e||[ VeVp. Va ] = 300-4) — (0-2)(0-2) = Ot TOT = Rolo-z) — (0-201) = 13-8 = (0-39-19 —(20)€0-2) Fro3t 4 = 3-4 = Brie v SSE Se vaT, = Na=Vi = Ve = | S 2 Vee iin _ Ve % 5 > Vp bs] ~val- +2] 0-2V_ — OF VR =I =) Ox02 => o.9u Tg — 0:04 Va = 4, Kos =>s a — 0-2)\Va = 7 | eee oe digo olee Sub Vp Vous th © eqn Vee | ®=> O3V_-0-2v_ = ko | 03 Va ~ 0-2 (21-46)= Rp 0-3Up -.4-352 225 O3vyy = QO +4 852 Ay= 26-5 Asstt Ag=39 Vis tray Ve = te 14by Vg = 204) Volu @ Codoutate Hae Voltage @ neds 4G tn the gen Chest.A = ost Ay= ty Aas 5-2 V, = 84 Voll Va = Be Vel et We “he [Fl we ° % yene) [Mal JiseeSas1 ie Déovsipakia = TR > 561% (WD) 2 5b (MH) =e Vz 2 2 03V+ Sole Har node volt ef shown in yg =i aie eo MN wea an (U2Cumunds Searing nede-21. 5 eg ener veda -2; Nit fy Kel: Vor 4 Yea 2 =0 7 = Va + 0° 5V242 26 SY, ata =Vi +150, =-2.—@® OY = I, a => 220, F8N, oy Bye -2 a aa Vi-0-5u 2M Va 20. Viet ANON) 20 Bite Aor sotving Hu nods Volbage Hp ang a Vottcage o> J te be ave, Haun ab Mode hes Potential Reyer Tran an nodeBEE by Nectet Anakys cs - Asal power ep the Aouarce me" ee ie bey tr the aw [o-ss9 foot 00689 jones foie =|." [e-92 —Je-or2] ols. © + hor - Jorot2 , tole : 0-408 1210-2"Vy ei gy-5UO22 Veh Ve ttage mee Hie Curent Source Vy 2245 oe Rec poe e/p Of Ws Source = wWTeerts a Hpbi dren = Qyex to x coro 2) no wath J Tr re Ohw Shown In Lqux s finck Hu a Ve V2 Find alae Bae coment anda au | node Vote Auppuad fa ore SE ve I The above chadt o& ac-draun ar below converting Hae lane Aowte ine 16a vi | |vesstee =a fel pdges Hv 3 = ae + e vi ‘| jo '|: I" ri pee ict / 6-5) jos joe | Joe ° yBAJOre = (@s1-j° 2)3)(0-45-4jor0s)— (Jo-29Gje = (o-syg|- 22h) @-4s3 Le-38) + Jo-ow = b-2348 154-99 Hfooy 2 ©-235—jor033 4gooy = east peeas = 0-245 ~jo-033na PEELE for. © OWS tjo-05} Ay > 0-843 LS&t Ro = | OStnje's ae tse8 perm 6 tare. Aj=-0- 342 LS2e O-Bu3\S2). onan 1625 Wt (2 Lee q ota ES O:244 b84 Moe Veuwsunt Aupplied boy Yon Aout, = VSM :- pi — ; w Sa Sipe = (Beerjs) -(-34 2-95) 5-34 -2he = See eas S-341ekh Saa ae 43 Ue |Bas y Analy > foe tee crerrent hoon fque nodal ten in tre cA cutk $= 6-513 1-2 4 (0-445 Jo- 19s) me G-0b LES 5 (8-45 4JE 25) 2 ee 20:3 (18-5 apne) Ve Ve 2 20 3 BEIT Cis aentyied TL 3 gc9g ee Lagnt * Coeaasjre Vo > 3y:bh LeCoupe node * Cikcuit Ss Toleal Voi Source. bebween hwo wens Alf enon ce ne © ove the. problem 4 Ford out He nodal Votkagen 5° The Vote ANOIS HON Aer Ortog 4 tae power supp ra Me SP source: j ; fepply kel), Taxing + Ty, + Tre +H Va = yee vay a 20 40 5 = O-04v, + Or05vg + 0-025v, —W)Sur © in © eqn he +04 Vi + 0705 (60 +1) + 0-025 CY -1009=5 1 = 3113 Vorb: Be Vz, = b0-+ 3913 Your Vaz 49-13 Vos BPaigic V\ — 'p0,.= 39-18 -100 =-B0- 864 Vg =-60-4 Vole “aa oe ton agnbdtor B& 60-9 Volb en supped ra te SA Source Bef Ps Vxe = 3913 X5oe. @ Fone Ha problem 4 fend out ta Nodal Vole Mis Ve 4,Va V3-V_ = 22v —@® ker @ nede 1. =n Seta = Ouigetng —-873° MR +X]A Kev rodle 2.43, the superncalas eg peeing : ed —3-astT,+T+Tet+T, = 0 V; -ag+ Yor 4 Ve 4 Va 4 3 \ 5 Bea28 +2 4+ Ve Vs 4 ve ow 5 Ss se yO (=28 -.[%+%] tral wrs]eve[r% Jeo —v[%*% J+ va[l+¥) +3. 4% J =28 > Te a Yr + Vy =23 —@G) _ + ly, = Koi + YeVee Sov, = 28 Va = 32-5 VothNags 329 Volts \ @ => Va-Ng = 22 32-5 -Va, = 2% Va = RQ-32-5. Na, = —10°5 Ve =to-5 Vous a = NS wy 2 0b Yovi = 4+ “a + aa wD i { WHE LOHG votti ® Debtremine te Coment th He Sa aarti for the Cheutt Shown We spigtion oeMan 4—Vy Va. 3 z aM - MA RR emp) ves “10°? feaev, —0°' Vg 10 =O 243, Me Auperncdle eqn & T+ a+ Ts*t2 5h = Va 4 V2-\) +¥3 413 = Q \ & 5 a Byae Vi -M 4 Nay Ven ee a Ree fy + ve[iry 4 Vs [6reJ = 2 HOB, + 1-5¥a + 0°43 —2 =0 —Z feo: = to —@Solving @-® @x0.33 =] -O-HISY, tHe ZA5 Vy + O-581V5 = Ox bs > 0-WISV, ~ 0-25 Ve . 0.995 V, +0. 58 Vy QxC995 0.995 Vy ~ 0-995 ~ a & 1-5-b Vg = — 15-24 V3 = — 840 Volts @> Ve -(- 8-40) = 20 Vp = 20-8 ho + [Vaz 126 Votes 83 V, 0.5 (11-6) = 10 0:83, = 1045-8 oe © 2 Wyo Se, 0-83 v= 19-03 Voltsexh th Maxwell's loop Arelyscs (or) Mesh current Matt * Fippicabte vi to planar chet Piptanar chewit & one thar com be drawn tn a plane wit no ‘bAcnche Cronsiny ome another: otherurine Tk th non -ptanor, « Mesh b a Loop vohich cloes net contatn a other Loop within th piel Gan' stp O: Aastan mesh cumrents by, fe. fn to 1D mixhes. (50 nak ableast ome mesh Ur linn» e element] AS oO matter conyentence , oll mesh Coprint) ont aysu Cbirrction Ceactin Step2: The no i no gf ee in te Cucutt Steps? For each Mesh, waite down re Kacho 4 Voltage bow eqn - foc gets am qf depo BB nine Te a chat POM Gy ep! Ze pve) gee oc Mourn cwoent, =mone than one meno current flows Hac ment. the abi Le um ey Wa cuentt | he red an Aum ef mor evosntr may be Aum OA nee oy the crrints Hoe the element peeling mM the @ amen cnaant (fer toop avep) R, -(r-ta)Ry +s = BR) Lies t Leeg rvs? +£)R) + Li R3 —L2Rs Vy) = S.C Ri+R2)-L2Rs —OU2 L Ra — Sa Ra Ve =0 —GR, +Sie, -12R, - V2 =0 £).R, — £2 (RRs) = Va > tyes + LelRi+)=-Veg —© Puling om matin form st ge RF Rg Re. aby vi [ Ry matte 7 [esl [eles = Wwe Ri > ee all Aus Stance connected in \ Ry > ove oor OW Ay EStana commen tal] between ¢ Note : Tp te chatt hash neds. b) branche 4+ A trdependant Loops ie Beneta > Determine Hue cient Hrs’ Various retiteas Of tre cacdt shown in the ty Betng the cept of mash ns N oe se ac T3yp+ a epee om e a BhopAD, — FM-Ta) = © Qy -4T, -2Ty + ATA =O 9 20 12 = 3D) ae, 60) —biDigy. = 12 2° AT, AT, 64,12 = © Wo BF = 1% —4te =6) —@®UP, s -6 Ty =-%%, T, =-0-54s & 3 | Sty s: = i 37 0- 545) 1 = BES GSS Wwe4ss i mex ® Fend we baancr owen aa onal fe ex yn © © iy- sai whet. 29 be gt) -* —15 Ly tote =tou “10 Ce. £19 aol ate! -. 549 ee eeien eee wrolie Om so~ aoLz. ' —©& Determine He Curent tr hu Bar brann fn Ha Chote ae dsetour a2 [= Wy, - ay (Tao Ps) — ATY =O 2 yt the] 5 aby ar y*s'- 27,—30TAZ +ANTs = —1% ahyt | = Tat ars -O ro au (Ty -Ta)oht, le — MEEFS. a Haut, + 24Ty —Ts “10 —bTa to GT, =0 GD) + QuD, — 34T2=10 omy Fan piatg-i9Ty= 5] —O [igloos eeQy — 2CTi-Ty) — 6CT1-T3)— 27) =0 Ay- ATS + ADs -6Ti+ OT, - 85) =. —lbT, +2T,+6T2 =-24 hy» 81, -T, -3ar, =-12 Ty -isPe tigre =-6 — © BT) +1at_-IFTg> 5. — © OL, —T, -3%, =4184 =Is By ib s 4 De 22 Bre Az -36 — 3b +2040 — [152 Si eSvr bby The cuoment flown Had The Br reristar 6 2-05 ® Vv aco the 3 aa GB) Using mark caranh om ave sean -- Orv pv @)3,2 T-D3 = g-224 -3°28 7.5 1-4 bert At VeTna3 = vayr3What He peer loss th fe ion sulin | Mey RaburoaK using ans ton <2, + 37558 -1s —@O WD -s2,egas is Oty aCe —T) - §(sa-T.) = AD, - 31g + 3T1-5Tz + 5% =09 3D, — OT, +57, = © > 4m, x t0T, — 87s = 10T, —S(Ta-T,)-B(T2-T)=0 ~ wT, BT g+ST, — Oba tSN <0 oh 4+5f,-237T, =° Aqs.- & +0, -* —@®= 3095 = 1635 Powwes Loss inion as = oR BE u Seek LS 1-68»] © Wate ¢ sole be eqn for He mew Cumant in me nebioanThe Aource Corpank So ry Ty = Ta +2 (2,-7,)= 2] — ©yur te Hu tanh BBD we get -5a,-1(Mi-Ta2) +13 =O SO Tectnt Lah A 158 Ser, aD, S73 bT, —Dy 43 \-© Dppty we to eee mah CEES Er(e, sn ets, ¢ 9 “PRTRTS) +O" eae —O 6n— v, -Dy-8h 2° x4® by 3 @x3 > 3437s b 28a & D> Ld w Ge € pp Kvt to He meh ABHH, We get -62,—2(2,-Ty) +10 =O -6T,-QT,+Atg =-!0 apes, =- ) 3 Pppty kvi te tue mevh BDEG, We ger —2(T,-1)) —4CZ3) -15 =0 TAT + 20, —- 47, = 19 QT, —2T, hTz-2 15 z= @) @= AT -BT, =-10 Taz 1053 2(i0+T3) —8T, =-10 do + 2T,-8T)=-10B® xs BA - Ba — 187 @> pete —6T2-16T3 bys HY eee 8h, = 25 Oss Spek am a3e sat, = 35BC ehsutty by dep caren Herod Popa Mark Currant metiod and Hebamtna. tad fre Aaabotors ot the olur outs eee een en PO na, ane aoe 5 A- | 32 = (3ja@) -1 = 12-js-) = \-j2 Cis-b E36)stole Ay. 4ole s : = 2-4 136" Rrops Bon Boe ors ! Dog! 2 [At | stele = 0-735 [BE Amps 2 13-6 3b ghe current Hd an = T= Ran Sg a= 2.20586 & =o Fas (Sax Fens nt db 19. € Os <2, | Bn = Tz 7 sii a SB nn Arsen tm figune fn Ya ae the Cwrent In tre Cierra bronk & O ; 54 Gripen enfey Dropection Pasting in S4py . Th “lt B+y5 ° & “fu ° vat = (aajuy(-ava)— 30l8 Esa} Ba 5153 (avg) + Ibo =O Aiwlsd x Va = 441 bo 8 3. Find Va by Mesh CU An os ES a 5g0v O- Vz = fb ta8 toe Ae Ta = 0-354 Wes 8" Vo = 10 de = 4-353 U8" By.