Transients in mechanical systems and
motor-load connections
Silvia Logozzo
Department of Engineering - University of Perugia, Italy
RiE 2021 degli Studi
Università Thedi 12rd
Perugia
RiE International
SSDConference
ING-IND/13 April 28-30, 2021
Silvia Logozzo ONLINE 1/17 1
Motor-load connections and transients in mechanical systems
Transients in mechanical systems
Why we study transients: Precede the
steady state
A. to analyze the dynamic behavior of machines for example to
evaluate time intervals and mode of transition between two
successive steady states
B. to evaluate stresses and strains that took place in the Lead the
machine to
machines also even in presence of inertia actions the stop
Are a
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS periodic
Energy equation succession
How to study
Use of momentum and angular momentum.
transients
Integration of the motion equation,(indispensable if the study
needs the evolution of the transient with respect to time)
RiE 2021 degli Studi
Università Thedi 12rd
Perugia
RiE International
SSDConference
ING-IND/13 April 28-30, 2021
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Motor-load connections and transients in mechanical systems
Motor-load connections
Motor and load can be connected directly or through transmission organs. Transmission organs are in
charge of regulating the rotary speed which is transmitted to the load, while maintaining the supply
power constant and thus varying the available torque.
[W] Power at the motor shaft
If a speed reducer is connected to the motor, even said torque
multiplicator, a reduction of angular velocity is obtained, and an increase
of the torque supplied to the load while keeping a constant power.
RiE 2021 degli Studi
Università Thedi 12rd
Perugia
RiE International
SSDConference
ING-IND/13 April 28-30, 2021
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Motor-load connections and transients in mechanical systems
Motor-load connections
Efficiency of a motor η<1
RiE 2021 degli Studi
Università Thedi 12rd
Perugia
RiE International
SSDConference
ING-IND/13 April 28-30, 2021
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Motor-load connections and transients in mechanical systems
Motor-load connections
Cm = Cm (ω) (MOTOR TORQUE) and Cr = Cr (ω) (RESISTANCE
TORQUE) are the characteristic curves of motor and load
respectively. The two curves are superimposed to find the
working point.
The intersection between the motor torque and the
resistance torque identifies the functioning
point (steady state point) that can be stable or
unstable.
A and B are the working points considering always the
same transmission ratio but different road slopes (the
load characteristic curve varies).
If the car gear is shifted down the motor
characteristic translates upwards.
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Università Thedi 12rd
Perugia
RiE International
SSDConference
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Motor-load connections and transients in mechanical systems
Motor-load connections
The REGIME CONDITION is
possible when ω has a
value that corresponds to
an equilibrium between Cm
and Cr.
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Università Thedi 12rd
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Motor-load connections and transients in mechanical systems
Motor-load connections
The STEADY STATE can be:
- STABLE if a variation of ω implies that Cm and Cr vary to bring the system again on the original working
point.
- UNSTABLE on the contrary
STABLE
Because an increase
or decrease of ω is
immediately
compensated by Cr
or by Cm bringing
the system back to
the initial velocity.
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Università Thedi 12rd
Perugia
RiE International
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Motor-load connections and transients in mechanical systems
Motor-load connections
• Cm typical of a triphase electric motor
• Cr’ constant and typical of cranes
• Cr’’ quadratic law, typical of pumps
For Cr’ the motor is not able to start up because
Cm(0)<C’r.
• P1’ is stable because an increase of ω brings to a
decrease of Cm with Cr constant, so ω would tend to
decrease up to the regime value, viceversa if ω
decreases.
For Cr’’ the working point is stable because an
increase of ω brings to a decrease of Cm and • P2’ is unstable pbecause an increase of ω brings to
an increase of Cr, so ω would tend to decrease an increase of Cm with Cr constant, so ωwould keep
up to the regime value, viceversa if ω increasing, viceversa if ω decreases
decreases.
RiE 2021 degli Studi
Università Thedi 12rd
Perugia
RiE International
SSDConference
ING-IND/13 April 28-30, 2021
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