Dr.

Sharmila A
Elements Of Environmental Protection (21CV561)

Module 2
EMAS, ISO 14000 - EMS as per ISO 14001– benefits and barriers of EMS – Concept of continual
improvement and pollution prevention – environmental policy – initial environmental review – environmental
aspect and impact analysis – legal and other requirements- objectives and targets – environmental
management programs – structure and responsibility – training awareness and compétence-
communication – documentation and document control – operational control – monitoring and
measurement – management review - 8 Hours

EMAS (ECO-MANAGEMENT AND AUDIT SCHEME)

⚫ It is one of the Voluntary instruments of environmental protection, i.e., it positively

motivates organizations to responsible approach and to improving its environmental
performance beyond the legal requirements

⚫ Established by the European Union in order to detect and monitor the impacts of the
activities of organizations on the environment and to publish information in the form of
individual environmental statements

⚫ EMAS is a proactive approach of the company to monitoring, control and gradual reduction
of the impact of the activities of the organization on the environment.

⚫ It is designed for organizations functioning in the private sector (joint stock companies,
limited liability companies, etc.) as well as for organizations of state and public
administration (ministries, municipalities, etc.) or its parts (producing unit, remote
workplaces).

⚫ EMAS system is one of two ways which an organization can use to implement the EMS

⚫ The second tool used to implement the environmental management system is ISO

⚫ Both ways are similar to each other in many parts - environmental policy, continuous
improvement, objectives and target values, programs, the implementation of the system
and its operation, monitoring, and management review

⚫ EMAS, however, extends the ISO 14001 system, especially in terms of transparency
when organizations with an established system according to EMAS are obliged to publish
environmental statements and hold open discussions with the public and other interested
parties

Components of an EMS

⚫ Four components

⚫ It is like a cycle of plan, do, check, and act.

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⚫ If the cycle is adhered to constantly it leads to continuous improvement of the system.

⚫ The design and implementation of an EMS requires a considerable time and effort
therefore requiring the commitment of management of the organization.

⚫ Management needs to communicate their support to the system and emphasize that
“they aim to improve their environmental performance”

Figure 1 Concept of Continual Improvement

1) The ‘Plan’ Phase

⚫ This stage is helpful in the formulation of an environmental policy

⚫ It serves the direction for future action and communication of the organization’s
environmental commitment and targets

2) The ‘Do’ Phase

⚫ An organizational chart is defined and laid down at this stage in order to embed the
environmental management in the organization

⚫ Individual roles and responsibilities are outlined in addition to the allocation of

resources like finance, personnel, skills and technology

⚫ Next step is the identification of training needs to build environmental awareness and
competence

3) The ‘Check’ Phase

⚫ This stage aims at checking how the firm performs in terms of environmental
management and if necessary, to analyze the causes of problems, identify
possibilities for improvement and take subsequent action to realize these changes

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4) The ‘Act’ Phase

⚫ Management review here aims at making sure that the EMS continues to produce
the desired effects as outlined in the policy

⚫ Apart from the information derived from audits, other internal reports on
performance and incidents, external reports on regulatory and environmental
changes, and suggestions for improvement received from internal and external
sources can play a role for the organization to act upon

⚫ The process is then repeated again. The drivers or motivations to use EMS are
internal and external involving different forces.

ISO 14001
The ISO 14001 standard defines EMS as “that part of the overall management system which
includes the organizational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures,
processes and resources for developing implementing, achieving, reviewing and maintaining the
environmental policy”

Benefits of ISO 14001 Certification

⚫ EMS certification is of the management system itself, not the environmental performance
⚫ A company can develop EMS but will not be certified, however most companies that
develop EMS do indeed certify it
⚫ Certification does not generate instant results
Certification of EMS ISO 14001 has the following benefits to companies
⚫ Prove that its activities have been evaluated and accepted by an accredited,
independent third party.
⚫ It shows that an external ‘stamp’ of approval of the EMS has been given and that, the
organization’s commitment to improve environmental performance is valid
⚫ Shows commitment to the protection of the Environment. Possibly, the greatest positive
impact to the environment will be in the reduction of hazardous waste
⚫ This would apply to reduction, reuse or recycling, all of which maximize natural
resources. There is thus conservation of other natural resources in the process.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
⚫ ISO has a membership of some 163 national standards bodies from countries large and
small, industrialized, developing and in transition, in all regions of the world.
⚫ ISO’s portfolio of more than 18400 standards provides business, government and
society with practical tools for all three dimensions of sustainable development :
economic, environmental and societal.
⚫ ISO standards make a positive contribution to the world.
⚫ It facilitate trade, spread knowledge, disseminate innovative advances in technology,
and share good management and conformity assessment practices.

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ISO standards provide solutions and achieve benefits for almost all sectors of activity including
⚫ Agriculture,
⚫ Construction,
⚫ Mechanical engineering,
⚫ Manufacturing,
⚫ Distribution,
⚫ Transport,
⚫ Medical devices,
⚫ Information and communication technologies,
⚫ The environment,
⚫ Energy,
⚫ Quality management,
⚫ Conformity assessment and
⚫ Services.

ISO 14001 Requirements

⚫ The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) to identify and
have access to the applicable legal requirements and other requirements to which the
organization subscribes related to its environmental aspects, and to determine how these
requirements apply to its environmental aspects.

⚫ The organization shall ensure that these applicable legal requirements and other
requirements to which the organization subscribes are taken into account in establishing,
implementing and maintaining its environmental management system.

POLLUTION PREVENTION AND CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT

⚫ Pollution prevention is generally defined as “the use of processes, practices, materials,
products or energy that avoid or minimize the creation of pollutants or wastes at the
source

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Figure 1 Pollution Prevention Environmental Management Hierarchy

Pollution prevention techniques and practices focus on
• Substances of concern
• Materials and feedstock substitution
• Operating efficiencies
• On-site reuse and recycling
• Training
• Purchasing practices
• Product design
• Equipment modifications
• Product reformulation
• Process changes
• Clean production
• Avoidance of cross-media transfer of pollutants or waste
• Life-cycle assessment

Pollution Prevention Techniques and Practices

1) Materials and feedstock substitution is a method of source elimination.

❑ Polluting materials in a production process or embedded in a product are replaced with

less polluting or nonpolluting substances

❑ Opportunities for materials and feedstock substitution include:

⚫ Painting applications

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⚫ Parts cleaning
⚫ Metal finishing
⚫ Printing operations
⚫ Building and grounds maintenance

2) Operating efficiencies and training are examples of how normal parts of good operation can

provide effective ways to prevent pollution.

Examples include

⚫ Changing production schedules to minimize equipment and feedstock changeovers

⚫ Improving maintenance schedules

⚫ Segregating by-products at the source

⚫ Training staff to improve material handling and recognize opportunities

3) Product design and reformulation includes methods for preventing pollution associated with
the entire life cycle.

⚫ Addressing environmental concerns at an early stage can avoid environmental impacts

throughout the product life cycle in a cost-effective manner.
⚫ Results of redesigning or reformulating a product include
❖ Reducing toxicity of a product
❖ Reducing waste material
❖ Extending the life of a product
❖ Extending the life of the materials used
❖ Reducing energy and material intensity needed to produce, use and dispose of the
product

4) Equipment modifications and process changes involve new technologies or approaches

to existing operating systems processes and practices to improve production efficiencies
and reduce pollution and waste.

❖ An example is mechanical stripping instead of using solvents to remove paint and

varnish

5) The Value of Waste

⚫ Waste can also be viewed as a loss of valuable process materials that could have
economic and environmental benefits if reused or recycled.
⚫ The following approaches reflect this perspective on the value of waste.
⚫ On-site reuse and recycling is considered pollution prevention because it occurs at the
same place as the original activity.
⚫ Reuse means using materials again in their original form or in new applications.
⚫ Recycling extends the effective life of resources. Environmentally sound recycling is
usually preferable to end-of-pipe solutions.
⚫ Raw materials, chemicals and treated and untreated wastewater are examples of
materials that could be reused or recycled.

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⚫ Some examples of reuse and recycling are:

❖ Recovering metals by ion exchange or reverse osmosis
❖ Recycling cooling water
❖ Reusing trim and cuttings from plastic moulding in on-site production rather than taking
them for off-site disposal

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
What is an environmental policy?

⚫ An environmental policy is a statement about an organisation's environmental position and

values

⚫ The ISO 14001 standard states that an environmental policy is the organisation's overall
environmental performance intentions and direction formally expressed by top
management

Benefits of developing an environmental policy

⚫ An organisation can publicly advertise that it has considered its environmental

performance and has adopted best practice or is working towards improving its
environmental performance

⚫ It can advertise the environmental status and environmental objectives of the organisation
to all stakeholders

⚫ Current and potential clients can read the statement and are able to determine whether
they would like to continue or start business with the organisation

⚫ It also can provide clear direction to all stakeholders about the organisation's
environmental values

Who should develop an environmental policy?

⚫ A senior manager or managing team should endorse the environmental policy but not
necessarily be directly responsible for developing the policy.

⚫ Should appoint someone talented, familiar with the organisation and who has the ability
of writing interesting factual statements.

⚫ Choose someone which can inspire and communicate the true environmental policy of the
organisation

What is the usual procedure for maintaining an environmental policy?

⚫ Similar to an environmental management system environmental policies should be

regularly be reviewed

⚫ When there has been change or change is planned, or when there has been a

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significant performance issue the environmental policy should be reviewed.

⚫ Otherwise, more general reviews should be occur periodically (e.g. annually).

What should be included in an environmental policy?

⚫ The ISO 14001 standard is probably the best reference standard for the development of
an environmental policy.

In summary, an environmental policy must be

⚫ Appropriate to the organisation;

⚫ Include a commitment for continual improvement and prevention of pollution;

⚫ Include a commitment to comply to relevant legal and other requirements; and,

⚫ Provide the framework for setting and reviewing environmental objectives and targets.
⚫ Understand whether the organisation presents a direct environmental risk to their
operations;

⚫ Understand whether the organisation presents a risk to public perception if they are
engaged;

⚫ Understand whether the organisation present an environmental risk by not

understanding and not complying with legal & other requirements; and,

⚫ Understand whether the organisation has any environmental programs to their reduce
environmental impact and improve their environmental performance.

Initial Environmental Review

⚫ First step in creating an EMS is to perform an Initial Environmental Review.

⚫ Tells where organization is and creates a road map for organization

There are four main areas

❖ Review previous environmental issues

❖ Consider any regulations which have operational impact

❖ Identify and evaluate possible environmental issues in organization.

❖ Outline current operations and how it is managed; also consider indirect impacts

⚫ The Initial Environmental Review is not considered an audit.

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⚫ The Environmental Review is an initial assessment to help create an EMS.

⚫ The Environmental Audit assesses the performance of the organizations’ EMS.

Benefits of an Initial Environmental Review

Helps determine the organization’s environmental position, and should include

❖ Environmental statutory and regulatory requirements

❖ Recognize items/areas with environmental impact

❖ Environmental Performance Criteria

❖ Feedback of previous experiences

❖ Opportunities for improvement in-house as well as external (contractors, vendors, etc.,)

Environmental Aspect/Impacts
Environmental aspect
• ISO14001 defines an environmental aspect as an:
– “element of an organization’s activities, products or services that can
interact with the environment”
• Aspects can be
– regulated or non-regulated
– natural or man-made
– positive or negative
– controlled or influenced by the organization
Examples of Aspects
• Inputs
– Chemicals
• corrosives
• flammables
• toxics
• contained gases
– Resource use
• energy
• water
• Outputs
– Wastewater
– Fumes (air emissions)
– Solid waste
– Hazardous waste
– Noise
– Traffic

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Environmental Impacts
ISO14001 defines environmental impact as:
– “any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or
partially resulting from an organization’s activities, products or services”
Examples of Impacts
• General
– depletion of natural resources
– destruction of habitats
• Water
– pH
– oxygen level
– toxicity
• Air
– air toxicity
– smog
– global Warming
- ozone Depletion
Identifying Environmental Aspects
Energy Consumption
Electricity Fuel Oil, Natural Gas, Gasoline, Other Fuel, Purchased Steam,
Purchased Chilled Water, Propane, Coal, Photo-cells
Water Consumption
Site-owned Sources, Municipal or Private Sources De-ionized Water, Bottled
Water, Other Sources
Chemical Consumption
Corrosives (acids, bases), Solvents, Adhesives, Inks, Fluxing Agents,
Compressed Gases, Oxidizers, Paints Resins, Cryogenics, Solder Products,
Photographic Chemicals, Water Treatment Chemicals, Petroleum-based
Products, Maintenance Supplies, Pesticides, Fertilizers

Raw Material & Components

Silicon, Metals, Piece Parts (electronic components, circuit boards,
semiconductor wafers), Batteries, Wire/Fiber Plastics, Packaging Pallets
Unusual Materials

5) Supplies
Office Paper, Computer Paper, Janitorial Paper, Food

6) Air Emissions
7) Waste
Concentrated Corrosives, Solvents, Adhesives, Inks, Solder/lead Wastes
Oxidizers, Paint/Paint Related Waste, Photographic Chemicals, Waste
Treatment Sludge, Contaminated Soil, Activated Carbon, Cafeteria Waste

8) Water Discharge
Sanitary, Industrial Pretreatment, Stormwater, Thermal Loading

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9) Product
Manufactured Items, Energy Consumption, Toxic Material Content,
Recycled Content, Emissions During Use, Use of Consumables
During Use, Maintenance, etc Quantity (weight/volume), Packaging and
Shipping Materials, Reusability, Recyclability, Recycled Content
Toxic Material Content , Material Diversity, Biodegradability, Product
Transportation, Mode/distance, Energy Use, Emissions, End of Life
Management, Reusability, Recyclability, Hazardous/toxic Material
Content, Material Diversity, Upgradability, Waste Classification
Assembly/disassembly techniques, Disposal/emissions

10) Land Use

On-site Storage/containment/distribution/handling of Solids, Liquids,
Gases, Interactions with natural surface or ground water on the property;
Wetlands Cooling Tower Operation, Thermal Emissions, Maintenance
Activities, Soil Erosion, Release of Pesticides, Fertilizers, etc., Remnants
of past activities at the site (e.g., soil contamination)

11) Community Interactions

Noise, Odor, Vibration, Heat Generation, Site Lighting, Employee Commuting
Trucking In and Out Dust Generation, Electromagnetic Frequency Releases
Recycling and Recovery Operations, Appearance (Visual Impact) and
Housekeeping

Legal and other requirements

(ISO 14001-Clause)

ISO 14001 Requirements

The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s)

1. to identify and have access to the applicable legal requirements and other
requirements to which the organization subscribes related to its environmental aspects,
and
2. to determine how these requirements apply to its environmental aspects.

The organization shall ensure that these applicable legal requirements and other
requirements to which the organization subscribes are taken into account in establishing,
implementing and maintaining its environmental management system.

1. The Law
Nonacceptance of a law, or pleading ignorance of the law is no defence when it

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comes to courtroom proceedings. (For example, in the case of an adjoining river to

a manufacturing site becoming accidentally polluted, it is no defence to state that
the Company was unaware that this was an unlawful act. The legal system would
maintain that the Company should have taken reasonable steps to find out
beforehand.)

2. Penalties for breaking environmental laws

Certainly there are instances of heavy financial penalties (fines) for breaches of
legislation. Additionally, senior management individuals have been sent to prison –
usually in cases of proven negligence. There is a Supreme Court Judgment which
states that the ‘fines should be substantial enough to have a real economic
effect on the organization’, the purpose being to put pressure on managers and
shareholders to comply.

3. Concept of Strict Liability

If the organization concerned has a regime of weekly checks, inspections, audits
under the umbrella of an EMS, then the level of fine may be reduced as the client
was indeed taking reasonable steps and precautions to reduce pollution.

4. Legislation – responsibility for compliance

It is the implementing organization’s responsibility to ensure compliance with the
law. This responsibility cannot be passed on to a third party, for example, the auditor
from the certification body. The external auditor, however, must exercise due
diligence and by asking questions based upon his training, expertise, knowledge
and experience, should discover if the organization is compliant.

5. Determination of applicable legislation

Legislation is publicized by governments and regulatory authorities and should be
readily available. Options can be access to internet sites, enquiries at government
offices and reading of appropriate trade and professional journals. In this way a
register of legislation can be compiled. However, the register of legislation by itself
is not sufficient. The client must demonstrate how each piece of legislation applies
– or not – as the case may be with reasons for inclusion or non-inclusion in the
register. This register demonstrates that a review process has occurred by a
responsible person.

LEGISLATION AND GUIDELINES

The principles of environmental legislation and guidelines for compliance

The Law

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⚫ Not always agree with laws – but must obey

⚫ Non acceptance of a law, or pleading ignorance of the law is no defence when it comes to
courtroom proceedings.

⚫ For example, in the case of an adjoining river to a manufacturing site becoming

accidentally polluted, it is no defence to state that the Company was unaware that this
was an unlawful act.

The legal system would maintain that the Company should have taken reasonable steps to find
out beforehand.

Penalties for breaking environmental laws

⚫ Certainly there are instances of heavy financial penalties (fines) for breaches of legislation

⚫ Additionally, senior management individuals have been sent to prison – usually in cases
of proven negligence

⚫ Supreme Court Judgment which states that the fines should be substantial enough to have
a real economic effect on the organization’, the purpose being to put pressure on
managers and shareholders to comply.

Concept of Strict Liability

⚫ Offences under environmental law are subject to the concept of strict liability

⚫ As an illustration, consider the river in previous note 1, being polluted by a large drum of
chemicals. If the reason for the incident is adverse weather conditions (storms blowing
drums over causing spillage) or even criminals or vandals deliberately causing the
spillage, then the Company is still guilty of pollution. All the Company can do is to plead
mitigating circumstances which should reduce the severity of the fine. Such mitigating
circumstances could be:

◦ Enclosed and locked storage areas for the drummed chemicals;

◦ Use of 24-hour security cameras and vandal proof fencing around the site.

Legislation – responsibility for compliance

⚫ It is the implementing organization’s responsibility to ensure compliance with the law.

⚫ This responsibility cannot be passed on to a third party, for example, the auditor from the
certification body.

⚫ The external auditor, however, must exercise due diligence and by asking questions based
upon his training, expertise, knowledge and experience, should discover if the
organization is compliant.

ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS APPLICABLE TO INDIA

⚫ 1986 – The Environment (Protection) Act authorizes the central government to protect and
improve environmental quality, control and reduce pollution from all sources, and

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prohibit or restrict the setting and /or operation of any industrial facility on environmental
grounds.

⚫ 1986 – The Environment (Protection) Rules lay down procedures for setting standards of
emission or discharge of environmental pollutants.

⚫ 1989 – The objective of Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules is to control
the generation, collection, treatment, import, storage, and handling of hazardous waste.

⚫ 1989 – The Manufacture, Storage, and Import of Hazardous Rulesdefine the terms used
in this context, and sets up an authority to inspect, once a year, the industrial activity
connected with hazardous chemicals and isolated storage

⚫ 1989 – The Manufacture, Use, Import, Export, and Storage of hazardous Micro-
organisms/ Genetically Engineered Organisms or Cells Rules were introduced with a view
to protect the environment, nature, and health, in connection with the application of gene
technology and microorganisms.

⚫ 1991 – The Public Liability Insurance Act and Rules and Amendment, 1992 was drawn up
to provide for public liability insurance for the purpose of providing immediate relief to the
persons affected by accident while handling any hazardous substance.

⚫ 1995 – The National Environmental Tribunal Act has been created to award compensation
for damages to persons, property, and the environment arising from any activity involving
hazardous substances

⚫ 1997 – The National Environment Appellate Authority Act has been created to hear
appeals with respect to restrictions of areas in which classes of industries etc. are carried
out or prescribed subject to certain safeguards under the EPA

⚫ 1998 – The Biomedical waste (Management and Handling) Rules is a legal binding on the
health care institutions to streamline the process of proper handling of hospital waste such
as segregation, disposal, collection, and treatment.

⚫ 1999 – The Environment (Siting for Industrial Projects) Rules, 1999 lay down detailed
provisions relating to areas to be avoided for siting of industries, precautionary measures
to be taken for site selecting as also the aspects of environmental protection which should
have been incorporated during the implementation of the industrial development projects

⚫ 2000 – The Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 apply to
every municipal authority responsible for the collection, segregation, storage,
transportation, processing, and disposal of municipal solid wastes.

⚫ 2000 – The Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) Ruleshave been laid
down for the regulation of production and consumption of ozone depleting substances

⚫ 2001 – The Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001 rules shall apply to every
manufacturer, importer, re-conditioner, assembler, dealer, auctioneer, consumer, and bulk
consumer involved in the manufacture, processing, sale, purchase, and use of batteries
or components so as to regulate and ensure the environmentally safe disposal

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of used batteries.

⚫ 2002 – The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) (Amendment) Rules lay down such
terms and conditions as are necessary to reduce noise pollution, peit use of loud speakers
or public address rmsystems during night hours (between 10:00 p.m. to 12:00 midnight)
on or during any cultural or religious festive occasion

⚫ 2002 – The Biological Diversity Act is an act to provide for the conservation of biological
diversity, sustainable use of its components, and fair and equitable sharing of the benefits
arising out of the use of biological resources and knowledge associated with it

Forest and wildlife

⚫ 1927 – The Indian Forest Act and Amendment, 1984, is one of the many surviving colonial
statutes. It was enacted to ‘consolidate the law related to forest, the transit of forest
produce, and the duty leviable on timber and other forest produce’

⚫ 1972 – The Wildlife Protection Act, Rules 1973 and Amendment 1991provides for the
protection of birds and animals and for all matters that are connected to it whether it be
their habitat or the waterhole or the forests that sustain them

⚫ 1980 – The Forest (Conservation) Act and Rules, 1981, provides for the protection of and
the conservation of the forests.

Water

⚫ 1882 – The Easement Act allows private rights to use a resource that is, groundwater, by
viewing it as an attachment to the land. It also states that all surface water belongs to the
state and is a state property.

⚫ 1897 – The Indian Fisheries Act establishes two sets of penal offences whereby the
government can sue any person who uses dynamite or other explosive substance in any
way (whether coastal or inland) with intent to catch or destroy any fish or poisonous fish
in order to kill.

⚫ 1974 – The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act establishes an institutional
structure for preventing and abating water pollution. It establishes standards for water
quality and effluent. Polluting industries must seek permission to discharge waste into
effluent bodies.The CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board) was constituted under this act

⚫ 1977 – The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Actprovides for the levy and
collection of cess or fees on water consuming industries and local authorities.

⚫ 1978 – The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Rulescontains the standard
definitions and indicate the kind of and location of meters that every consumer of water is
required to affix.

⚫ 1991 – The Coastal Regulation Zone Notification puts regulations on various activities,
including construction, are regulated. It gives some protection to the backwaters and
estuaries.

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Air

⚫ 1948 – The Factories Act and Amendment in 1987 was the first to express concern for the
working environment of the workers. The amendment of 1987 has sharpened its
environmental focus and expanded its application to hazardous processes.

⚫ 1981 – The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act provides for the control and
abatement of air pollution. It entrusts the power of enforcing this act to the CPCB .

⚫ 1982 – The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules defines the procedures of the
meetings of the Boards and the powers entrusted to them.

⚫ 1982 – The Atomic Energy Act deals with the radioactive waste.

⚫ 1987 – The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Amendment Actempowers the central
and state pollution control boards to meet with grave emergencies of air pollution.

⚫ 1988 – The Motor Vehicles Act states that all hazardous waste is to be properly packaged,
labelled, and transported.

OBJECTIVES, TARGETS AND PROGRAM(S)

Definitions

• Environmental objectives

⚫ Overall environmental goal, consistent with the environmental policy that an

organization sets itself to achieve.

• Environmental target

⚫ Detailed performance requirement, applicable to the organization or parts thereof,

that arises from the environmental objectives and that needs to be set and met in order
to achieve those objectives.

⚫ Establish, implement and maintain documented environmental objectives and targets at

relevant function and level within the organization.

⚫ In setting objectives, consider:

⚫ Legal and other requirements

⚫ Significant environmental aspects

⚫ Technological options

⚫ Financial, operational and business requirements

⚫ Views of interested parties

⚫ Consistent with the policy including commitment to the prevention of pollution.

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⚫ Commitments to continual improvement

⚫ Establish, implement and maintain a program(s) for achieving its objectives and targets.

⚫ Program(s) should include

⚫ Designation of responsibility for achieving and targets at relevant functions and

levels of the organization

⚫ Means and time-frame by which they are to be achieved.

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS AND IMPACTS

Objectives/targets-
Quantified – what and
when ENVIRONMENTAL
Programs POLICY LEGAL AND OTHER
Who, what, when, how,

INTERESTED PARTIES

COMMITMENTS Policy commitment

Reduce waste from
operations
OBJECTIVE 1
Reduce the waste
OBJECTIVE 1 generated
By the organization in 3
years
Target 1
Reduce the total waste
Generated by 50% in 3
TARGET TARGET TARGET
years
Target 2
Reduce the packaging
waste
proogram By 40 % in 2 years,

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EMS 14001 Training, Awareness & Competence

Training: Providing knowledge

Awareness: Having knowledge

Competence: Demonstrating knowledge

Training Resources

• Existing training programs, procedures and records

• New employee training program

• Hazardous materials handling

• Safety training

Training Records

• Documents training provided and attendance of employee

• Traceable back to policy statement

• Document control

procedure

• Retention time and location of records

• Don’t forget roles & responsibilities (who takes care of what)

ISO 14001 Requirements

• Identify needs

• Train employees whose work may create significant impact to environment

• Establish & maintain procedures

• Conformance with policy

• Significant environmental impacts (actual & potential)

• Roles & responsibilities of employees

• Consequences of deviation from procedures

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Procedure Requirements

• Roles & Responsibilities

• Document Control (location,

responsible party, retention,

revision number)

• Records Maintenance (signatures, revision number, location, responsible party)

Procedures Made Easy

• Keep it simple, procedures are not person but system dependent and must be
used by the next EMS team, manager or new employees

• Keep traceable back to policy statement

• Update according to scheduled review of aspects & impacts

Policy Statement Training

• Typically all employees are trained on the policy statement

• The purpose (WHAT & WHY)

• How they can impact/improve it (HOW)

• Importance of conformance with policy & its components (JOB

RESPONSIBILITY)

• Key to EMS success & sustainability

Time of Training

• Policy statement developed and fully supported

• Initial objectives & targets are established

• Refresher before being audited if done early in program

Training/Competency Measures

• Attendance at workshops/sessions

• Employee signature to note attendance

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• Employee feedback & evaluation

• Communication of ideas from employees for improvement is key to EMS success

• Quiz, written/oral Observation of related work & performance

Training Records

• Training Form

• Procedure Name, Number, Trainer, Date, Revision Date

• Training Matrix

• Excel spreadsheet showing staff attendance, dates attended, training

given, & training sufficient

• Training sufficient determined by quiz (oral/written)

• Ensure traceability of records

• Training forms and matrix are records/documentation that follow the

document control procedures

Attainable Benefits

• “Improved communication with employees concerning the facility’s environmental

requirements”

• Employees are more likely to accept new roles and excel if they understand
the reason for efforts

• Effective training, employee awareness & competent personnel will help

organization reach, sustain, and improve performance goals.

Documentation and document control

EMS Documentation

• Documents
➢ Written Procedures/Instructions on:

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➢ Environmental Compliance
➢ How the EMS was Developed
➢ How the EMS Will Continue to be Implemented
• Example Documents
o Environmental Policy Statement
o Communication Procedure
o Spill Response Plan
o Compliance Manual
o Permit
o Tank Operational Manual

Documents

Purpose of a Document is to:

➢ Explain and Require Practices and Procedures to Promote Consistency

➢ Identify Responsible Personnel
➢ Identify Places Where Lack of Consistency in Performing a Task Would Lead to
an Environmental Problem or Deviation of the EMS

Document “Control”

❖ Documents Need to be “Controlled” to:

➢ Ensure Staff are Working From the Most Recent Version of the Document
➢ Ensure the Use of Approved Procedures and Processes
➢ Ensure the Staff that Need the Document Actually Receive (and are Aware of)
the Document
❖ Controlled Documents Need to Have a Review and Approval Process for
Finalizing Documents
❖ Document Control May Include:
➢ Document Numbering Systems
➢ Signature of Authorized Staff for Approval
➢ Effective Date and/or Revision Number

Documentation: Many Styles

❖ Documentation Can be Simple to Very Complicated

➢ Text
➢ Flow Chart
➢ Photographs with Explanations
❖ EMS Documentation Usually Contains Similar Sections
➢ Scope

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➢ Responsibilities
➢ Procedure
➢ Training
➢ Records

Document Formatting

❖ Personalize the Document Format

➢ Identify the Document Style, Layout and Control Procedure that Best Works
for Your Organization
➢ Keep the Format Consistent
❖ Review and Update the Format As Needed
❖ Communicate the Necessary Information

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