issues in health ehtics
-same sex marriage
-artificial reproduction
-abortion
-euthanasia
-suicide
-drugs use as treatment
-data privacy
-prohibited stem cell technology
-genetic engineering and human cloning
same sex marriage
-if u are lgbt, u are not able to be legally married due to philippine laws
-ceremonious wedding or a "holy union"
artificial reproduction
-assisted human reproduction
-artificial insemination, intrauterine insemination, in vitro fertilization,
ovarian stimulation
(with medications)
-medically assisted artificial fusion of sperm and ovum
4 TYPES OF ARTIFICIAL REPRODUCTION
1.IVF-ET (in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer)
2.GIFT (gamete intrafallopian transfer)
3.ZIFT (zygote intrafallopian transfer)
4.FET (frozen embryo transfer)
complications of ahr
-multiples
-low birth weight
ETHICAL DILEMMAS
is it right to procreate by interfering in the reproduction process?
is abortion ethical?
ABORTION ETHICS
1.ethical considerations of the fetus as a potential human life
-"human life begins as soon as the egg is fertilized by sperm"
-an unborn fetus is a human child, unborn babies are distinct persons.
-children are in a vegetative state, does it put them on par with an unborn fetus?
2. moral and ethical implicatons of a woman's right to control her own body
- pro-choice women advocates that prohibiting women from obtaining abortions denies
them the right to control their own bodies and make their own medical decisions
- there are other solutions to these challenges besides terminating the life of a
child
3. the ethical considderations of access to safe and legal abortion
- the WHO that over 13% of maternal deaths are caused by unsafe abortion
- safe and legal abortion is ethical (therapeutic abortion), becuase it prevents
these fatalities and multiple health complications
- even a safe abortion raises a woman's risk of mental health struggles
4. the ethics of Abortion in cases of rape or incest
- even pro-lifers would agree that its incredibly unfair for a woman who has been
raped to carry the child
- many rape and incest victims suffer from mental health problems as a result of
the crimes that have been committed against them
- one cannot deny the fetus is also a human life
- what's more, recent research indicates that a fetus may be able to feel pain at
just 12 weeks.
- is it moral or ethcal to cause pain and suffering for a human being that is
innocent of the crime committed against his or her mother
5. options to abortion such as adoption
- it is unethical for a woman to have an abortion as an adoption plan
- the mother would not be responsible for caring for the baby long-term
- adoption is an emotionally difficult decision that impacts both the birth mother
and the child
- from an ethical and moral standpoint, as it is typically the best decision for
all involved if a woman feels she cannot parnet her unborn child
6. ethical consideration of a nurse/doctor's right to refuse to perform abortions
- doctors and nurses should have the right to refuse to perform an abortion even if
the woman wants to obtain woman
- considered unethical and immoral if the woman has life-threatening condition
- Abortion, can seem like the best option in many cases; however its not
necessarily a moral or ethical course of action in most instances.
- A woman facing an unplanned preganancy will want to consider all her optiond to
make the best possible decisions.
-Nurses can help in decision-making process by providing free early [regnancy
services. counselling options and support to help the women.
Euthanasia
- greek word "thanatos" - easy and happy life
- is an understood action or omission hich, of itself or by intension causes death,
in order that all suffering may in this way be eliminated.
- euthanasia is illegal in the Phillipines
- license will be revoked
Is DNR euthanasia?
- DNR orders are a form of passive euthanasia
-active euthanasia, killing a patient by active means, ie. injecting a lethal dose
of a drug
-passive euthanasia, intentionally letting a petient die by withholding artificial
life support.
EUTHANASIA and ASSISTED SUICIDE
-better care for the sick and dying fights against euthanasia and assisted suicide
-death with dignity, people are spiritual beings
-promote the way of caring for the dying, mercy is extended without inducing death
*PEACEFUL DEATH*
IS EUTHANASIA MORAL?
euthanasia is evil:
1. violation of the natural law
-violates the law of god
-nothing and no one can permit the killing of an innocent child.
2. Contrary to the author of life
-dishonor against the creator
DRUGS USED AS TREATMENT
PRN - pro re nata - as needed
needs close collaboration with other healthcare workers to avoid unethical
practices
several ethical issuues may arise as a result of medication errors; harm to
patients, whether to disclose the rror, erosion of trust nd impact on quality care
Data Privacy
- RA 10173 also known as DATA PRIVACY ACT OF 2012 (DPA)
- ability of the person to determine for themselves when, how, and to what extent
personal information about them is shared
- can one's name, location, contact information, or online or real world behavior.
8 rights under the privacy act?
under chapter 4 of the RA 10173:
- right to be informed
- right to access
- right to object
- right to erasure and blocking
- right to rectify
- right to file a complaint
- right to damages
- right to data portability
(the ability to move data among different application, programs, computing
environments or cloud services)
Data privacy principle:
- lawfulness, fairness, and transparency
- purpose limitation
- data minimization (data controller, should limit the collect persomal
information)
- accuracy
- storage limitations, integrity and confidentiality.
What is the principle of privacy ethics?
- human subjects have a righ to expect that their personal information will not be
divulged when the results of a study are published or when a data sets from a
research prject are shared with other investigators.
- protecting the privacy is an obligation
why is privacy ethis important?
- it relates to an individuals ability to determine for themselves when, ho, and
for what purpose their personal information is handled by others
- protecting human dignity, safety and self - determination
8. Prohibited Stem Cell Technology
-in the hSC research, however, difficult dillemas arise regarding sensitive
doewnstream research
- is fraught with disputes about the onset of human development
9. Is genetic engineering and cloning ethical?
- might be possible to clone a person's genes but the indivisual cannot be cloned
- the therapeutic gene editing os ethically acceptable, it doesn't not threaten
human classification???
issues:
- increase abortions and miscarriages
- deformed embryos and clones
- parenting acloe
- clones becoming self sufficient
- unknown personality of the clone
- rights for the clone
why it should not be legalized?
- faster aging
- create many problems
- animal clones are not safe for humans
