.

Population:

The population refers to the total number of individuals or organisms in a particular area, region, or
country.It is a fundamental demographic indicator used in various fields such as sociology, economics,
public health, and urban planning.Population size influences resource allocation, economic
development, social policies, and environmental sustainability.2. Key Population

Formulas:

a. Population Growth Rate (PGR):

PGR = ((Population at Time 2 - Population at Time 1) / Population at Time 1) * 100Measures the

percentage change in population over a specific period.Positive growth rate indicates population
increase, while a negative growth rate signifies population decrease.

b. Birth Rate:

Birth Rate = (Number of Births / Total Population) * 1000Represents the number of births per 1000
individuals in a population within a given period (usually per year)

c. Death Rate:

Death Rate = (Number of Deaths / Total Population) * 1000Indicates the number of deaths per 1000
individuals in a population within a given period (usually per year).

d. Population Density:

Population Density = (Total Population / Area)Measures the number of individuals per unit area (e.g.,
square kilometer or square mile).It helps assess the level of crowding and resource distribution in a
specific geographic area.

e.Net Migration Rate:

Net Migration Rate = ((Immigration - Emigration) / Total Population) * 1000Measures the difference
between immigration (people entering a country) and emigration (people leaving a country) per 1000
individuals in the population.

f. Total Fertility Rate (TFR):

TFR = Sum of Births in a Given Period / Number of Women in Reproductive Age GroupRepresents the
average number of children born to a woman over her reproductive lifespan.It is a crucial determinant
of population growth and demographic structure.

Implications of Population Dynamics:

Population trends impact resource availability, economic productivity, and social welfare
programs.Aging populations pose challenges for healthcare systems, pension schemes, and labor
markets.High population growth rates can strain infrastructure, exacerbate poverty, and lead to
environmental degradation.Understanding population dynamics informs policy-making,

urban planning, and sustainable development initiatives.

Q1. The table below shows the age structure of the population of a country.

Age Groups Number of persons in (000)

1955 1960

0- 16yrs 150 143

17- 45yrs 51 107

46- 60yrs 29 33

60 + yrs 15 17

Use the table to answer the questions that follows:

(a) What is the percentage increase in the working population between 1955and 1960.

(b) Calculate the ratio of dependent population to the working population in :

1. 1955

2. 1960.

(c) As the dependences ratio increase or decrease between 1955 and 1960.

(WASSCE NOVEMBER 2010)

Q2.

Age Distribution Age Distribution Age Distribution

0- 17 years 18- 54 years 55 + years

162 Degree 90 Degree 108 degree

The above table shows the age distribution of population of a country. The total population is 120
million. The official school leaving age is 18 years while the official retiring age is 55years.

(a) Using the above information calculate the:

1. Population of children between 0-17years

2. Population of old people 55+years

3. Working of population ( 18-54) years

( b) what is the dependency ratio of the dependent population to that of the working population hence,
or otherwise, state the economic implications of the above age structure?

Q3. Study the following extract on country Y's population data and answer the questions follow:

The population of country Y in 1970 was 60 million from 1971 to 1975 the total number births was 25
million and death stood at 3million.

8 million Immigrants and 4 million Emmigrants were recorded in the reporting period.

( a) Present the data in a table

( b!) Determine the net migration within the period

( b!!) Calculate the population of the country in 1975

( c) what is the percentage increase in the population of the country from 1970 to 1975

Population data of country Y from 1970- 1975

Population Births Deaths 1971 to 1975 1971 to 1975

1970

Immigrants Emmigrants

60 million 25 million 3 million 8 million 4 million

Q4. If the age distribution at the end of the year stood as in the following table.

Age Group Total population ( in percentage)

0-15 14

16- 38 30

39- 59 35

60+ 21

1. Calculate total number of dependent at the end of the year.

( a) Total active population at the end of the year.

(b) Calculate the ratios of dependent population

(c) Calculate the ratios of dependent population to the active population.

Q5. The data in the table below show hypothetical age distribution of a population of a town in Nigeria.

Sewage Age in year 11- 14 15- 35 36-64 65 and above

10 and below

Male 1350 2275 1135 Y 3250

Female 2650 2725 1365 4265 Z

Total 4000 X 2500 7500 6000

From this data, calculate:

( a) X,YZ

( b) Total population of the town

( c) The difference between the population of male and female age 14 and below

( d) The percentage of the population age 14 and below

( e) The dependency ratio in the town.