a.

rubbing the penetrant over the surface

b. brushing the penetrant on the part
c. spraying the penetrant on the part
d. dipping the part in the penetrant
A.6-2, 7, 13, 19

48. Which of the following is the most commonly used method for removing nonwater-washable visible
dye penetrant from the surface of a test specimen?

a. dipping in a solvent
b. spraying
c. hand wiping
d. blowing
A.6-19

49. Which of the following is an acceptable method for applying wet developers?

a. application with a soft brush

b. application with a hand powder bulb
c. rubbing with a saturated cloth
d. spraying or dipping
A.6-7, 15

50. When using solvent-removable penetrants, the excess penetrant may be removed by:

a. dipping the part in solvent

b. spraying the part with water and a solvent
c. rubbing the part with a wet rag
d. wiping the part with a rag or cloth that has been dampened with solvent
A.6-19

51. While conducting a penetrant test, all of the following health precautions should be applied except:

a. keeping the work area clean

b. washing any penetrant from skin with soap and water as soon as possible
c. keeping penetrant off clothes
d. washing any excess penetrant from skin using gasoline
A.7-35

52. Which of the following surface contaminants cannot be removed by cleaning parts in a vapor
degreaser?

a. grease
b. rust
c. heavy oil
d. soluble oil
A.6-6

53. Before conducting a liquid penetrant test, it is important to ensure that the surface of the part is free
of:

a. oil or grease
b. acids or chromates
c. traces of water
d. all of the above
A.6-6
54. When performing a penetrant test using a post-emulsification penetrant, which of the following is the
most critical with respect to proper timing?

a. dwell time
b. developing time
c. emulsification time
d. drying time
A.6-12

55. Which of the following is the most likely result of an excessive emulsification time when penetrant
testing with post-emulsification penetrants?

a. a large number of nonrelevant indications could appear on the part

b. shallow discontinuity indications could be lost
c. excess penetrant could remain after the wash operation
d. the emulsifier could harden, preventing the developer from blotting the penetrant in discontinuities
A.8-8

56. In penetrant testing, developers should be able to perform all of the following functions except:

a. blotting penetrant from discontinuities

b. aiding in providing an image of a discontinuity
c. adding fluorescence to penetrants
d. helping control bleedout
A.6-5

57. Which of the following is the primary limitation of liquid penetrant testing?

a. penetrant testing cannot be used on ferromagnetic material

b. penetrant testing cannot locate shallow surface discontinuities
c. penetrant testing cannot be used on non-metallic surfaces
d. penetrant testing cannot locate subsurface discontinuities
D.21-24

58. In penetrant testing, the time period from developer application to inspection is often referred to as
the:

a. emulsification time
b. development time
c. dwell time
d. none of the above
A.6-15

59. Liquid penetrant testing is a nondestructive test that can be used for:

a. locating and evaluating all types of discontinuities in a test specimen

b. locating and determining the length, width, and depth of discontinuities in a test specimen
c. determining the tensile strength of a test specimen
d. locating discontinuities open to the surface
A.6-1

60. When conducting a penetrant test using fluorescent penetrant, black light equipment is required to:

a. cause the penetrant to fluoresce

b. aid the normal capillary action characteristics of a penetrant
 c. neutralize excess penetrant on the surface
d. decrease the surface tension of the part
A.6-2

61. The method used to remove excess visible dye penetrant from a test specimen is primarily determined
by:

a. the surface roughness of the specimen

b. the type of material being tested
c. the length of penetration time
d. all of the above
A.6-19

62. Which of the following is a type of developer used in penetrant inspection?

a. dry
b. aqueous particulate
c. non-aqueous particulate
d. water-soluble
e. all of the above
F.26

63. When penetrant testing parts, the temperature of the parts should be near room temperature. If the
part is at a low temperature when tested, the:

a. penetrant may become viscous

b. penetrant may evaporate very rapidly
c. color intensity of the penetrant will decrease
d. penetrant will tend to adhere to the surface of the part
A.8-7

64. If a part to be penetrant tested is first heated to a high temperature, the penetrant:

a. may become viscous

b. may “flash” or evaporate very rapidly
c. may lose some of its color brilliance
d. will better show discontinuities
A.8-7

65. Penetrants may be classified or subdivided by the method used to remove excess penetrant. Which of
the following is a proper classification in accordance with this statement?

a. nonsolvent-removable
b. vapor-degreased
c. brush-removable
d. water-washable
A.6-2

66. The problem with retesting a test specimen that has been previously tested using liquid penetrant is
that:

a. the penetrant may form beads on the surface

b. the dried penetrant residue left in discontinuities may not readily dissolve and the retest may be
misleading
c. the penetrant will lose a great deal of its color brilliance
d. none of the above are correct statements
 D.128

67. Which of the following conditions will decrease the life of a black light bulb?

a. line voltage fluctuations

b. dust on the face of the bulb
c. changes in room temperature
d. all of the above
A.7-16

68. When a penetrant is applied to a part by submerging the part in a penetrant bath, the part must:

a. remain in the penetrant bath during the entire penetration time

b. remain in the penetrant bath for at least one-half the penetration time
c. remain in the penetrant bath only long enough to ensure that the surface is covered with penetrant
d. not remain in the penetrant bath for a period more than 5 minutes
A.6-7

69. Which of the following statements does not apply to developers used during penetrant testing?

a. developers are normally highly fluorescent

b. developers often furnish a contrasting background during inspection
c. developers absorb or blot the penetrant that remains in discontinuities after the rinse operation has
been completed
d. developers may be either wet or dry
A.6-2

70. Which of the following statements is true?

a. sandblasting is a generally accepted method for cleaning a surface that is to be penetrant tested
b. parts should be heated prior to the application of a penetrant
c. if the dryer is too high, the heat may degrade the effectiveness of the penetrant
d. development time should be at least twice the penetration time
A.7-34

71. When using a wet developer:

a. a thick layer of developer is better than a thin layer for showing very fine cracks
b. compressed air should be used to remove excess developer
c. a black developer will show better contrast than a white developer
d. a thin layer of developer is better than a thick layer for showing very fine cracks
A.8-8

72. Which of the following statements is false?

a. sandblasting is not a recommended method for preparing for a penetrant test

b. it is not necessary to remove a film of oil from a part prior to penetrant testing because the
penetrant is basically an oil
c. vapor degreasing is a very good method for removing oil from the surface of the part to be
penetrant tested
d. a voltage regulator should be used with a black light if the line voltage fluctuates
A.6-6

73. A red against white background discontinuity image is most likely to be seen when:

a. dry developers are used

 b. visible dye penetrants are used
c. fluorescent post-emulsification penetrants are used
d. wet developers are used
A.6-2

74. Which of the following can be removed from the surface of a test specimen by vapor degreasing?

a. oil
b. paint
c. phosphate coatings
d. oxides
A.6-6

75. The purpose for using a developer on a test specimen is to:

a. promote penetration of the penetrant

b. absorb emulsifier residues
c. absorb penetrant from discontinuities and to provide a contrasting background
d. help to dry the surface for better observation
F.25

76. Which one of the following statements is an incorrect use of crack panels (blocks)?

a. to establish a standard size of crack that can be reproduced as needed

b. to determine the relative sensitivities of two different penetrants
c. to determine if a penetrant has lost or has reduced brilliance on fluorescent penetrants because of
contamination
d. to determine the degree or method of cleaning necessary to remove penetrant on the surface
without removing it from the cracks
A.7-24

77. Which of the following is generally accepted as the most important precaution when using water-
washable penetrants?

a. be sure that the part is washed thoroughly during the rinse operation
b. be sure that the recommended dwell time is not exceeded
c. avoid over-rinsing the part
d. avoid over-application of emulsifier
F.33

78. Which of the following is generally accepted as the most important precaution when using solvent-
removable penetrants?

a. do not apply an excessive amount of emulsifier

b. do not apply an excessive amount of solvent
c. do not use an insufficient rinse pressure
d. be sure to use a black light to determine if the excess penetrant has been rinsed away
F.25

79. Insufficient rinsing of fluorescent penetrants will result in:

a. subsequent corrosion of the surface

b. difficulty in the application of developer
c. excessive bleed-out
d. excessive background fluorescence
F.32
80. Which of the following safety precautions does not apply when handling penetrant materials?

a. prolonged contact of penetrant with skin should be avoided because the oil or solvent base may
cause skin irritation
b. excessive amounts of developer powders should not be inhaled (hí vào)
c. air-line respirators and complete protective clothing must be worn at all times
d. because the solvents used with the visible penetrant process are flammable, this material should be
kept away from open flames
F.26

81. How long must a part be kept wet with penetrant before the removal process is started?

a. it varies depending on the type of penetrant used, the type of material to be tested, the sensitivity
desired, and the type of discontinuities to be detected
b. since the penetrant will penetrate a discontinuity of any size in a matter of seconds, the removal
process should start as soon as possible after the penetrant has been applied
c. 3 minutes
d. 10 minutes
F.32

82. Which of the following factors will affect resolution of penetrant indications?

a. the sensitivity of the penetrant materials used

b. the surface condition of the part
c. the temperature of the part and or/penetrant
d. all of the above
A.8-5, 6, 7

83. A serious loss of water in a wet developer mix or an excessive over-concentration of developer
powder can cause:

a. a loss of fluorescence during the inspection operation

b. nonrelevant indications
c. cracking of the developer coating during the drying operation
d. none of the above
A.7-29

84. What could happen if a person looks directly into a black light?

a. it will cause permanent damage to the eyes

b. it will possibly cloud the vision of the person looking into the light for a short period of time
c. it will cause temporary total blindness
d. none of the above
A.7-17

85. When using dry developer, the drying operation is performed:

a. immediately after removal of excess penetrant

b. before the inspection step
c. thoroughly
d. all of the above
D.104, 105, 119

86. The failure to completely remove acid materials from a part before fluorescent penetrant is applied
will result in:
 a. a decrease in the fluorescence of the penetrant
b. a need to double the penetrating time
c. a permanent stain on the part
d. all of the above
D.78

87. Penetrant is applied to a part by dipping. The part is then placed on a rack while the penetrant seeps
into discontinuities. If the penetration time is too long, it will be difficult to rinse the penetrant from
the part. If this happens, the normal rinsing properties can be restored by:

a. chilling the part to a temperature of 4 °C (40 °F)

b. heating the part to a temperature of 54 °C (130 °F)
c. redipping the part
d. applying a wet developer before attempting to rinse the part
A.6-7

88. When drying parts during a penetrant test, the parts:

a. are normally dried at room temperature

b. are normally dried by a circulating hot-air dryer
c. should be dried in an oven set at a temperature of 54 °C (130 °F)
d. should be dried by cool forced air
F.32

89. The contamination of a water-washable penetrant with an excessive amount of water will:

a. reduce the penetrating quality of the penetrant

b. adversely affect the washability of the penetrant
c. both a and b are correct
d. neither a nor b are correct
A.7-34

90. Which of the following penetrant methods NOT requires a source of electricity?

a. the water-washable fluorescent penetrant method

b. the post-emulsification fluorescent penetrant method
c. the visible dye penetrant method
d. none of the above
A.6-18

91. When using a fluorescent penetrant, the actual inspection must be performed:

a. in a brightly lighted room

b. with the part at a temperature between 10 and 79 °C (125 and 175 °F)
c. immediately after the developer has been applied
d. in a darkened area under a black light
A.6-17

92. Which of the following penetrants can be used when inspection must take place under ordinary
lighting conditions?

a. visible dye penetrant

b. water-washable fluorescent penetrant
c. post-emulsification fluorescent penetrant
d. any of the above
 A.6-18

93. All of the following materials can be effectively tested with liquid penetrant except:

a. aluminum
b. unglazed ceramics
c. glass
d. magnesium
A.6-1

94. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using the liquid penetrant testing method?

a. the liquid penetrant test method is adaptable to production inspection of small parts
b. liquid penetrant testing can locate fine cracks
c. the liquid penetrant test method is a relatively simple test method
d. the liquid penetrant test method is effective at any temperature
A.7-34

95. A good penetrant must do all of the following except:

a. be able to readily penetrate very fine openings

b. evaporate very rapidly
c. be able to remain in relatively coarse openings
d. be easily removed from the surface after testing
A.7-18

96. Which of the following is not a property of a developer used in liquid penetrant testing?

a. the material must be absorbent

b. the material must form a thin and uniform coating over a surface
c. the material must be fluorescent if used with fluorescent penetrants
d. the material must not contain ingredients harmful or toxic to the operator
F.25

97. If improperly used, developers:

a. may obscure indications

b. may be difficult to remove
c. may become contaminated
d. all of the above
D.95, 98, 123

98. Color-contrast penetrants are commercially available in which of the following variations?

a. normal solvent clean type

b. water-wash type
c. post-emulsification type
d. all of the above
F.24

99. Which of the following could be a source of false indications on a test specimen?

a. penetrant on the test table

b. penetrant on the hands of the inspector
c. contamination of dry or wet developer with penetrant
d. all of the above
 D.377

100. Cleaning of the part prior to penetrant inspection is:

a. not required
b. important because if the part is not clean, the developer cannot be improperly applied
c. essential because surface contaminants may prevent penetrant from gaining access to
discontinuities
d. required to eliminate possibility of showing nonrelevant indications
A.6-6

101. When using fluorescent water-washable penetrant, adequate rinsing of the part is assured by:

a. timing of rinse cycle

b. scrubbing of part surface
c. rinsing under black light
d. using high pressure air with water
A.6-7

102. What can happen if a part processed by visible dye penetrant inspection is reprocessed by the
fluorescent penetrant method?

a. developer may remain on the surface causing background

b. most visible dyes kill fluorescence
c. penetrants are not compatible
d. interpretation will be difficult
D.2-40

103. A suitable filter must be used at all times over a black light bulb because:

a. too much white light will be present if the filter is not in place
b. the human eye may be damaged without it
c. the filter filters out undesired wave lengths
d. all of the above
D.203-204

104. A good commercial penetrant should have a:

a. low flash point

b. bigh flash point
c. medium flash point
d. flash point is not a factor to be considered
D.43

105. A material that is applied over the film of the penetrant on the surface of a part, mixes with the
penetrant, and enables the penetrant to be washed off the surface is called:

a. an emulsifier
b. a penetrant
c. a developer
d. an isomer
D.32

106. The time allowed for the penetrant to enter discontinuities that may be present is the:

a. emulsification time
 b. application time
c. penetration time
d. drain time
D.32

107. Which of the following penetrant systems is generally considered to be the least sensitive?

a. water-washable — visible dye

b. solvent removable — visible dye
c. water-washable — fluorescent dye
d. post-emulsification — visible dye
D.222

108. In penetrant examinations, the phase of the process requiring the greatest skill and most experience of
the operator is:

a. pre-cleaning
b. establishing the emulsification time
c. interpretation of results
d. penetrant removal
D.374

109. The best choice of a developer for use on a very smooth surface when using a fluorescent penetrant
would be:

a. dry — fluffy
b. dry — regular
c. wet
d. none of the above
D.102

110. The purpose of an emulsifier is to:

a. combine with the penetrant to make the resultant mixture removable by a water rinse
b. assist the blotting action of the developer
c. increase the penetration of the penetrant into fine discontinuities
d. eliminate false indications
E.3-12

111. Developer assists in the detection of liquid penetrant indications by:

a. providing a clean surface

b. providing a contrasting background
c. providing a dry surface
d. emulsifying the penetrant
E.4-9

112. Liquid penetrant examination can detect all of the following types of discontinuities except:

a. a forging lap
b. a seam
c. a surface crack
d. subsurface porosity
E.2-6

113. What is the most universally used black light?