Inverse Trigonometric Functions

01 02
Inverse Trigonometric Function Graph of ITF

1. y = sin–1 x 2. y = cos–1 x
Inverse Function Domain Principal Value Branch

 −p p  p/2 p
y = sin–1 x [–1, 1]  2 , 2
 
–1 1 –1 1
y = cos–1 x [–1, 1] [0, p]
–p/2
 −p p 
y = cosec–1 x R – (–1, 1)  2 , 2  − {0}
  3. y = tan–1 x
4. y = cot–1 x
p 
y = sec–1 x R – (–1, 1) [0, p ] −  p/2
2 p

 −p p 
y = tan–1 x R  , 
 2 2
–p/2
y = cot x
–1
R (0, p)
5. y = sec–1 x 5. y = cosec–1 x
p p/2

–1 1

–p/2
03 04
Property-01 Property-02

(i )
−p
sin −1 (sin θ) = θ if ≤θ≤
p (i ) sin ( sin −1 x=
) x,if − 1 ≤ x ≤ 1
2 2
(ii ) cos ( cos −1 x=
) x, if − 1 ≤ x ≤ 1
( ii ) −1
cos (cos θ) = θ if 0 ≤ θ ≤ p
−p p (iii ) tan ( tan −1=
x ) x, if − ∞ < x < ∞
(iii ) tan −1 (tan θ) = θ if <θ<
2 2
−1 (iv) sec ( sec −1 x=
) x, if − ∞ < x ≤ −1 or 1 ≤ x < ∞
(iv) cot (cot θ) = θ if 0 < θ < p
p p (v) cot ( cot −1=
x ) x, if − ∞ < x < ∞
(v ) sec −1 (sec θ) = θ if 0 ≤ θ < or < θ ≤ p
2 2
(vi ) cosec ( cosec −1 x=
) x, if − ∞ < x ≤ −1 or 1 ≤ x < ∞
p p
(vi ) cosec −1 (cosec θ) = θ, if − ≤ θ < 0 or 0 < θ ≤
2 2

06
05 Property-04
Property-03
p
(i ) sin −1 x + cos −1=
x , x ∈ [−1,1]
−1 −1
(i ) sin (− x) =− sin x, if − 1 ≤ x ≤ 1 2
p
(ii ) cos −1 (− x) = p − cos −1 x, if − 1 ≤ x ≤ 1 (ii ) tan −1 x + cot −1 x = , x ∈ R
2
(iii ) tan −1 (− x) = − tan −1 x, if − ∞ < x < ∞ p
(iii ) sec −1 x + cosec −=
1
x , x ∈ (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞)
(iv) cot −1 (− x) = p − cot −1 x, if − ∞ < x < ∞ 2
(v) sec −1 (− x) =p − sec −1 x, if − ∞ < x ≤ −1 or 1 ≤ x < ∞
(vi ) cosec −1 (− x) = − cosec −1 x, if − ∞ < x ≤ −1 or 1 ≤ x < ∞
07
08
Property-05
Property-06
1
) sin −1 x cosec −1   , −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 − {0}
(i=  x+ y 
 x (i ) tan −1 x +
= tan −1 y tan −1   , xy < 1
 1 − xy 
1
(ii ) =cosec −1 x sin −1   , x ∈ R − (−1,1)  x+ y 
 x = p + tan −1   , x > 0, y > 0, xy > 1
1  1 − xy 
cos −1 x sec −1   , −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 − {0}
(iii ) =
 x  x+ y 
= −p + tan −1   , x < 0, y < 0, xy > 1
1  1 − xy 
(iv=) sec −1 x cos −1   , x ∈ R − (−1,1)
 x  x− y 
tan −1 x − tan −1 y tan −1 
(ii ) =  , xy > −1
1  1 + xy 
(v ) = tan −1 x cot −1   , x ∈ R − {0}
x  x− y 
= p + tan −1   , x > 0, y > 0, xy < −1
cot −1 x ∀ x>0  1 + xy 
(vi ) tan −1 (1 / x) =  −1
−p + cot x ∀ x < 0  x− y 
= −p + tan −1   , if x < 0, y < 0 and xy > 1
 1 + xy 

09
Property-07

(i ) sin −1 x += { }
sin −1 y sin −1 x 1 − y 2 + y 1 − x 2 , if x 2 + y 2 ≤ 1 or if xy < 0 and x 2 + y 2 > 1; where x, y ∈ [−1,1]

(ii ) sin −1 x − sin

= −1
y sin −1 {x 1 − y 2
−y 1 − x } , xy > 0, x
2 2
+ y 2 > 10 or x 2 + y 2 ≤ 1

10
Property-08

(i ) cos −1 x + cos
= −1
{ }
y cos −1 xy − 1 − x 2 1 − y 2 , −1 ≤ x, y ≤ 1, x + y ≥ 0

(ii ) cos −1 x − cos

= −1
y cos −1 {xy + 1 − x2 1 − y } , −1 ≤ x, y ≤ 1, x ≤ y
2
11
Propeerty-09
13

(
(i ) 2sin −1 x= sin −1 2 x 1 − x 2 , ) −1
2
≤x
1
2
Property-11

(ii ) 3sin
= −1
x sin −1 ( 3 x − 4 x3 ) , −1 / 2 ≤ x ≤ 1 / 2  2x 
(i=) 2 tan −1 x tan −1  2 
, −1 < x < 1
1− x 
 2x 
(ii=) 2 tan −1 x sin −1  2 
, −1 ≤ x ≤ 1
1+ x 
12  1 − x2 
(iii ) 2 tan −1 x cos −1 
= 2 
, 0≤ x<∞
Property-10 1+ x 
 3 x − x 3  −1 1
(i ) 2cos
= −1
x cos −1 ( 2 x 2 − 1) , 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 (iv) 3tan −1 x tan −1 
= 2 
, <x<
 1 − 3x  3 3
(ii ) 3cos
= −1
x cos −1 ( 4 x 3 − 3 x ) , 1 / 2 ≤ x ≤ 1

14
Property-12

−1 x 1 − x2  1  1
(i ) sin = x cos −1 1 −=
x 2 tan −1 = cot −1 = sec −1  =  cosec −1   , x > 0
1 − x2 x 2
 1− x   x

1 1 − x2 x 1  1 
(ii ) cos −= x sin −1 1 −=
x 2 tan −1 = cot −1 = sec −1  =  cosec −1  , x > 0
x 1 − x2  x  1− x
2

 1 + x2 
(iii ) tan −1 x sin
= = −1
 x 
 2
 1+ x 

 1 
cos −1  =
2
 1+ x 

1
cot −1  =
 x
(
sec −1 1 + x=
2
)
cosec −1 

 x 

 Questions

1. Which of the following is the principal value branch for cos–1 x? 6. The domain of the function defined= f ( x) sin −1 x − 1 is
 −p p  (a) [1, 2] (b) [–1, 1]
(a)  ,  (b) (0, p)
 2 2 (c) [0, 1] (d) None of these
p
(c) [0, p] (d) (0, p) −  
2  2 
7. If cos  sin −1 + cos −1 x  =
0 , then x is equal to
2. Which of the following is the principal value branch of cosec–1 x?  5 
1 2
 −p p  p (a) (b) 5
(a)  ,  (b) [ 0, p] −   5
 2 2 2
(c) 0 (d) 1
 −p p   −p p 
(c)  ,  (d)  ,  − {0}
 2 2  2 2 8. The value of sin(2 tan–1 (.75)) is equal to
3. If 3 tan–1 x + cot–1 x = p, then x equals (a) ·75 (b) 1·5
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) ·96 (d) sin 1·5

1  3p 
(c) –1 (d) 9. The value of cos −1  cos  is equal to
2  2 
3p
  33p  
4. The value of sin −1  cos    is (a) p (b)
  5  2 2
3p −7 p 5p 7p
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 2 2
p

−p
(c) 10 (d) 1
10 10. The value of the expression 2sec −1 2 + sin −1   is
2 
5. The domain of the function cos–1 (2x – 1) is p 5p
(a) [0, 1] (b) [–1, 1] (a) (b)
6 6
(c) (–1, 1) (d) [0, p]
7p
(c) (d) 1
6
 Answer Key

1. (c)

2. (d)

3. (b)

4. (d)

5. (a)

6. (a)

7. (b)

8. (c)

9. (a)

10. (b)