Course Code: CRI 169

CC Course Title: Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation and Intelligence

Student Activity Sheet #7

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: ______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Lesson title: Phases of Criminal Investigation Materials:Ball pen, Paper, Notebook

Lesson Objectives: References:

At the end of this module, you will be able to: Hademar Joey, M. Noegosa, Gerry J.
1. enumerate the methods of identification Cańo. (2019). Fundamentals of Criminal
2. differentiate confession from admission Investigation. Rex Book Store
Soriano, Ibutnande, Jaudian (2016)
Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation.
Jermilou’s Book Publishing
1.

Productivity Tip: After finishing this module, write some tips on what helped you learn on your student
activity sheet.

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
Introduction (2 mins)
Hello everyone…. good morning. In the previous lesson you learned the topic regarding the tools
or the 3 I’s in criminal investigation such as information, interview/interrogation and instrumentation. You
learned how the data or methodology employed from the beginning up to the ending phase of the
investigative processes. The gathering of information, facts ; the interrogation of suspects, victims, and
scientific instruments were employed to detect crimes. At this point, let’s proceed to another topic today
entitled “Phases of Criminal Investigation”. As an investigator conducting a criminal investigation, you
will take these stages to ensure the success of the case to include the identification of the suspects, to
locate his whereabouts and to provide evidence for his conviction. Let’s proceed to the first activity.

B. MAIN LESSON

Content and Skill Building

Phases of Criminal Investigation

Identify the perpetrators

Locate and trace the whereabouts of the
perpetrators
Provide evidence needed for his conviction

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 Course Code: CRI 169
CC Course Title: Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation and Intelligence
Student Activity Sheet #7

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: ______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

1. IDENTIFY THE PERPETRATORS

It is important in the first part of the investigation to recognize who is the perpetrator of the crime.
It is mainly established as this will guide investigators as to who committed the crime.
Methods of identification - refers to the ways and means employed to uncover the personality of
the person who may have committed an act which under the existing law is regarded as a crime.

Methods of Identification
A. Confession/Admission
Admission or confession by a suspect is a major objective of every investigation. The confession
is an excellent means of identifying the criminal. From the point of view of proving guilt at the trial, a
consideration that will overlap this discussion, it must be supported by other corroborative evidence.
The corpus delicti” must be separately established in order to support conviction. A confession
may be denied in court and unless an affirmative show of voluntariness can be presented by the
prosecution.
Confession - “The declaration of an accused expressly acknowledging his guilt of the charge,
may be given as evidence against him.”
Admission - acknowledgment only of some elements of the crime and is not tantamount to
confession.

B. Eyewitness Testimony
The identification is made by several objective persons who are familiar with the appearance of
the accused and who personally witnessed the commission of a crime.

C. Circumstantial Evidence
In the absence of confession and eyewitnesses, the identification of a criminal may be established
indirectly by proving other facts or circumstances from which either alone or in connection with other
facts, the identity of the perpetrator can be inferred.

D. Identification through Physical Evidence

D1. Associative Evidence
The physical evidence found at the scene of the crime during the course of investigation could
link to the identity of the criminal by means of clue materials, personal property, or the characteristic
pattern of procedure deduced from the arrangement of objects at the crime scene.
D2. Tracing Evidence
These are physical evidence which may assist the investigating officer in locating the suspect and
most commonly found in theft and robbery cases.
E. Corpus Delicti Evidence
These are objects or substances which may be part of the body of the crime, the body of the
victim, body of the suspects/subject, guns, knife, slug recovered from the cadaver during autopsy, body
fluid, blood, fingerprints, footprints, etc.

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 Course Code: CRI 169
CC Course Title: Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation and Intelligence
Student Activity Sheet #7

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: ______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

F. Identification through Forensic Science -this method is done through the aid of the expertise
of different forensic services such as DNA, fingerprint, odontology and the like.

2. LOCATE AND TRACE THE WHEREABOUTS OF THE PERPETRATORS

Perpetrators can be traced in his place of residence, workplace and hang out places.

3. PROVIDE EVIDENCE NEEDED FOR HIS CONVICTION

To successfully produce a conviction, investigators must remember the rules in handling evidence
so as to maintain its integrity starting from the crime scene up until during court presentation.

Done Reading...

Skill-building Activities

This is a self-assessment and you have to answer the questions honestly.

Q1. Differentiate confession from admission.

Q2. Explain in what way you can locate the suspect?

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 Course Code: CRI 169
CC Course Title: Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation and Intelligence
Student Activity Sheet #7

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: ______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Check for Understanding

Identify what method of identification whether by eyewitness, physical evidence (associative, tracing
evidence), admission, confession, through forensic science, corpus delicti evidence.

Suggested answers
1. accused expressly acknowledging his guilt of the charged

2. odontology

3. acknowledgment only of some elements of the crime

4. Juan witnessed the killing of Mr. Tango
5. DNA
6. Hair, footprints
7. Dead body of the victim was found
8. Soil, gunshot residue

C. LESSON WRAP-UP

Summary

Phases of Criminal Investigation include Identifying the perpetrators, locate and trace the
whereabouts of the perpetrators and provide evidence needed for his conviction. In identifying
perpetrators, this can be done through admission and confession, eyewitness testimony, circumstantial
evidence, identification through physical evidence, corpus delicti evidence and Identification through
Forensic Science. Perpetrators can be traced in his place of residence, workplace and hang out places.
In order to produce a conviction, investigators must remember the rules in handling evidence so as to
maintain its integrity starting from the crime scene up until during court presentation.

FAQs
Q1. Differentiate confession from admission
Answer: Confession is the declaration of an accused expressly acknowledging his guilt of the charge,
may be given an evidence against him while admission is an acknowledgement of only some elements of
the crime and is not tantamount to confession.

Q2. How do you differentiate associative evidence from tracing evidence?

Answer: In associative evidence, these are evidence or materials that can be linked to the perpetrator
which were left at the crime scene. While tracing evidence are the materials taken by the perpetrator at
the crime scene and commonly found in theft and robbery cases.

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 Course Code: CRI 169
CC Course Title: Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation and Intelligence
Student Activity Sheet #7

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: ______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Thinking about Learning

Mark the place in the work tracker which is simply a visual to help students track how much work they
have accomplished and how much work there is left to do.

Before ending this session, let us see how you progress in this activity

What part of the lesson is difficult for you?

What strategy worked for you for finishing

this activity?

KEY TO CORRECTIONS

Differentiate confession from admission.

Confession is the declaration of the accused acknowledging his guilt of the charged while
admission is the acknowledgment only of some elements of the crime .

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 Course Code: CRI 169
CC Course Title: Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation and Intelligence
Student Activity Sheet #7

Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: ______

Section: ____________ Schedule: ________________________________________ Date: ________________

Check for Understanding

Identify what method of identification whether by eyewitness, physical evidence (associative,

tracing evidence), admission, confession, through forensic science, corpus delicti evidence.

Suggested answers
1. accused expressly acknowledging his guilt of the charged confession
2. odontology Identification by Forensic science
3. acknowledgment only of some elements of the crime admission
4. Juan witnessed the killing of Mr. Tango Eyewitness
5. DNA Identification through forensic science
6. Hair, footprints Identification through physical science
7. Dead body of the victim was found Corpus delicti evidence
8. Soil, gunshot residue identification through physical science

TEACHER-LED ACTIVITIES
At-home learning session for the students:
1) Check and grade collected SAS and other input from students.
2) Schedule phone calls/virtual calls/virtual chats to individual students or small groups of
students to monitor work, provide guidance, answer questions, and check understanding.

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