Machines
A machine is a device designed to perform a specific task, using energy to make work easier and more
efficient.
• Work in Machines:
• Work is a measure of energy transfer and is calculated as Work = Force x Distance.
• Machines help reduce the force or effort required to accomplish work, often over a distance.
• Simple Machines vs. Complex Machines:
Simple Machines:
• Basic mechanical devices with few moving parts.
• Modify force or distance to facilitate work.
Complex Machines:
• Combinations of multiple simple machines and other components.
• Perform more intricate tasks efficiently.
• Examples include cars and industrial robots.
Simple Machines
• Simple machines allow a task (moving objects) to be accomplished
more easily by optimizing the force that is used.
• Any basic device that works with the use of a single force
• Using simple machines, the force used will be reduced, but the
distance will be greater
• Simple machines are part of everyday life
Simple Machines
1. Lever
2. Pulley
3. Wheel and Axle
4. Inclined Planes
5. Screw
6. Wedge
1. Lever
• A rigid bar that pivots or turns around fulcrum
• Fulcrum – the point around which a level pivots or turns
1. Lever
• First – class level: a lever in which the fulcrum is between the
force and object being lifted
• Second – class lever: a lever in which the load is between the
force and the fulcrum
• Third – class lever: a lever in which the force is between the
fulcrum and the load
2.Pulley
• A circular lever, usually a
wheel with a rope around it
• A wheel on an axle or shaft that is
designed to support movement
and change of direction of a taut
cable or belt, or transfer of
power between the shaft and
cable or belt
